social representations of cmcs in mozambique: work in progress @ tascha
DESCRIPTION
Presentation on my research at TASCHA talk, 9 August 2012, UW, Seattle, WA.TRANSCRIPT
S a r a Va n n i n i
NewMinE Lab
Università della Svizzera italiana
Lugano, Switzerland
@ TASCHA talk, 9 August 2012
SOCIAL
R EP RESENTAT IONS
O F C OMMUNIT Y
M ULT IMEDIA
C ENT RES I N
M OZAMBIQUE
M e t h o d s :
Quantitative and Qualitative methods
choosen and field challenges .
T h e o r y :
Moscovici’s Social Representations Theory
and previous applications on telecentres.
M y T o p i c :
What are the Social Representations of
CMCs in Mozambique?
R e s u l t s :
Work in progress!
M e t h o d s :
Quantitative and Qualitative methods
choosen and field challenges.
T h e o r y :
Moscovici’s Social Representations Theory
and previous applications on telecentres.
M y T o p i c :
What are the Social Representations of
CMCs in Mozambique?
R e s u l t s :
Work in progress!
C MC s D e f in it io n:
C M C s a r e c o m m u n i t y - b a s e d f a c i l i t i e s
o f f e r i n g b o t h c o m mun it y r a d i o b r o a d c a s t i n g
a n d telecentre s e r v i c e s ( a c c e s s t o t h e
I n t e r n e t a n d o t h e r I C T s ) .
U N E S C O , 2 0 0 0
UNESCO 8 CMCs in Mozambique (Community Radios 1990s) scale-up phase (plan: 50 new CMCs) MZ Ministry of Science and Technology (128 districts – 5 years) 34 CMCs 36 CMCs
2000
2000-2004
2004-2005
2010
2011
2012
C M Cs i n M oz ambique
L o cal p e op le’s p e rcep tions
L o cal p e op le’s p e rcep tions
Communities’ perceptions are key sustainability factors.
M e t h o d s :
Quantitative and Qualitative methods
choosen and field challenges.
T h e o r y :
Moscovici’s Social Representations Theory
and previous applications on telecentres.
M y T o p i c :
What are the Social Representations of
CMCs in Mozambique?
R e s u l t s :
Work in progress!
S o cial R epresentations
M o s c o v i c i , 1 9 7 3
S o cial R epresentations
M o s c o v i c i , 1 9 7 3
systems of values, ideas and practices,
that are shared among a given group
(1898) Durkheim’s Collective Representations
very general and broad
(ideology, myth, science)
often single and more resistant to change source of
authority
with the functions of binding societies together
contemporary societies are more mobile and heterogeneous plurality of representations and diversity within a group (1973) Moscovici’s Social Representations
(1898) Durkheim’s Collective Representations
very general and broad
(ideology, myth, science)
often single and more resistant to change source of
authority
with the functions of binding societies together
2 f u nctions o f S R
enable individuals to orientate themselves
and interpret their world provide a code that enable communication among the members of a community
s e miotic t r iangle
o f S R
o b j e c t
s u b j ec t g r o up
intersubjectivity: need to be in relationship with others to give meaning to the object;
the individual perception and the socio-cultural context are not separated.
cognitive polyphasia: no mere reproduction of the external reality, development and negotiation of SRs lead to contradictions and conflicts:
agency and creative power of the human being are allowed.
dialectic: both prescriptive on human behaviour and a product of human agency:
tradition vs change, agency vs structure.
B a u e r & G a s k e l l , 1 9 9 9
To bl erone M o del
(Mis)Alignments in their conceptualization are a
good Sustainability indicator
S o cial R epresentations
R e g a , 2 0 1 0
M y T o p i c :
What are the Social Representations of
CMCs in Mozambique?
T h e o r y :
Moscovici’s Social Representations Theory
and previous applications on telecentres.
M e t h o d s :
Quantitative and Qualitative methods
choosen and field challenges.
R e s u l t s :
Work in progress!
I d eas
Va l ues
Pr actices
Semi-structured Interviews
Pictures
Focus Group
Survey to “non-users”
I d eas
Va l ues
Pr actices
Semi-structured Interviews
Pictures
Focus Group
Survey to “non-users”
denomination, definitions, improvements needed
possibilities and choices
I d eas
Va l ues
Pr actices
Semi-structured Interviews
Pictures
Focus Group
Survey to “non-users”
benefits, motivations (not) to use
how it should (not) be, benefits
reasons not to use
I d eas
Va l ues
Pr actices
Semi-structured Interviews
Pictures
Focus Group
Survey to “non-users”
usages, services offered, community involvement
M y T o p i c :
What are the Social Representations of
CMCs in Mozambique?
T h e o r y :
Moscovici’s Social Representations Theory
and previous applications on telecentres.
M e t h o d s :
Quantitative and Qualitative methods
choosen and field challenges .
R e s u l t s :
Work in progress!
I d eas
Va l ues
Pr actices
Semi-structured Interviews
Pictures
Focus Group
Survey to “non-users”
denomination, definitions, improvements needed
possibilities and choices
7.4%
10.7%
16.4%
87.7%
TC
other
CMC
Radio
L o cal D e nomination o f C M C ( # 1 2 2 )
D efinition o f C M C ( # 1 4 4 )
1.4%
1.4%
2.8%
3.5%
4.2%
9.0%
9.7%
13.2%
16.7%
18.1%
30.6%
COMMUNICATION mean (within …
Place where community can express its …
Place for Community PARTICIPATION
Community centre - CMC
SOCIALIZATION & Entertainment Place
ACCESS to ICTs centre
INFORMATION mean
Describe where it is
a RADIO
LEARNING centre
Combination of RC+TC
0.6%
2.2%
2.2%
2.8%
3.3%
6.1%
10.6%
7.2%
12.2%
12.2%
23.3%
23.3% 42.8%
Local Centre
a LIBRARY
a RADIO
COMMUNICATION centre
Place full of Computers - STATIC
RC + TC services
INFORMATION ACCESS Centre
> including Internet
> Including Computers
> Including Photocopies
ACCESS or USE ICTs place
DNK
LEARNING centre
D efinition o f Te l ecentre ( # 1 8 0 )
1.1%
2.2%
3.3%
3.8%
7.1%
12.5%
14.7%
21.7%
23.4%
25.0%
IT place - Telecentre
Entertainment mean
Education mean
Place for Community Partecipation
a Radio
Communication mean*
DNK
Belongs to Community
Information mean
Local
D efinition o f C o mmunity R a dio ( # 1 8 4 )
TC Staff User whole
CMC
User only Radio + Non
Users (4) TOTAL
a LIBRARY 5.7% 0.0% 2.0% 2.2%
a RADIO 1.9% 2.6% 2.0% 2.2%
ACCESS or USE ICTs place - not
to look for info
52.8% 6.4% 18.4% 23.3%
> Including Computers 28.3% 2.6% 10.2% 12.2%
> including Internet 18.9% 0.0% 6.1% 7.2%
> Including Photocopies 30.2% 5.1% 4.1% 12.2%
COMMUNICATION centre 5.7% 2.6% 0.0% 2.8%
DNK 9.4% 28.2% 30.6% 23.3%
INFORMATION ACCESS Centre 7.5% 10.3% 14.3% 10.6%
LEARNING centre 41.5% 47.4% 36.7% 42.8%
> LEARN how to use Computers 39.6% 47.4% 34.7% 41.7%
Local Centre 0.0% 0.0% 2.0% 0.6%
Place full of Computers - STATIC 3.8% 5.1% 0.0% 3.3%
RC + TC services 11.3% 3.8% 4.1% 6.1%
TC Staff User whole
CMC
User only Radio + Non
Users (4) TOTAL
a LIBRARY 5.7% 0.0% 2.0% 2.2%
a RADIO 1.9% 2.6% 2.0% 2.2%
ACCESS or USE ICTs place - not
to look for info
52.8% 6.4% 18.4% 23.3%
!!
> Including Computers 28.3% 2.6% 10.2% 12.2%
> including Internet 18.9% 0.0% 6.1% 7.2%
> Including Photocopies 30.2% 5.1% 4.1% 12.2%
COMMUNICATION centre 5.7% 2.6% 0.0% 2.8%
DNK 9.4% 28.2% 30.6% 23.3%
INFORMATION ACCESS Centre 7.5% 10.3% 14.3% 10.6%
LEARNING centre 41.5% 47.4% 36.7% 42.8%
!
> LEARN how to use Computers 39.6% 47.4% 34.7% 41.7%
!
Local Centre 0.0% 0.0% 2.0% 0.6%
Place full of Computers - STATIC 3.8% 5.1% 0.0% 3.3%
RC + TC services 11.3% 3.8% 4.1% 6.1%
I d eas
Va l ues
Pr actices
Semi-structured Interviews
Pictures
Focus Group
Survey to “non-users”
benefits, motivations (not) to use
how it should (not) be, benefits
reasons not to use
B e nefits o f T C ( # 1 1 1 )
2.7%
9.9%
14.4%
35.1%
36.9%
49.5%
COMMUNICATION
SOCIAL
INFORMATION
ACCESS ICTs - including TV and Internet
ECONOMIC
LEARNING
B e nefits o f T C ( # 1 1 1 )
2.7%
9.9%
14.4%
35.1%
36.9%
49.5%
COMMUNICATION
SOCIAL
INFORMATION
ACCESS ICTs - including TV and Internet
ECONOMIC
LEARNING
basic computer
skills
B e nefits o f T C ( # 1 1 1 )
2.7%
9.9%
14.4%
35.1%
36.9%
49.5%
COMMUNICATION
SOCIAL
INFORMATION
ACCESS ICTs - including TV and Internet
ECONOMIC
LEARNING shorten the
distances
improve CV/find a job
B e nefits o f T C ( # 1 1 1 )
2.7%
9.9%
14.4%
35.1%
36.9%
49.5%
COMMUNICATION
SOCIAL
INFORMATION
ACCESS ICTs - including TV and Internet
ECONOMIC
LEARNING
more time for intellectual
activities, community
development, entertainment
and keep youngsters away
from drugs and alcohol
c hal lenges o f
s e mi-structu re
i nter views
5 interviewers, with different backgrounds interviews collected have different levels of in depth questioning data is sometimes missing questions added/removed depending on the context
WC M Pillar 1: Services Pillar 2: Facilities & Tools Pillar 3: People Managing Pillar 4: People Using
(Cantoni & Tardini, 2006)
«In our centre we have only the fotocopy machine, and I would like it to improve, so to have all the activities of a full telecentre»
Ilha de Moçambique Staff 5 Photo 2 P1
«I don’t like it because one day it can fall down on us, because it is broken, so i don’t like it»
Chitima Staff 1 Photo 2 P2
«This (photocopy) machine stopped working two weeks ago and it is not working well. According to the technicians, we have to change some pieces.»
Chiure Staff 1 Photo 2
P2
«I came to learn computers, this is what is important, and they are teaching us very well.»
Chokwe User 7 Photo 1 P3
« It is where young people learn information technologies (…) futhermore, they have other activities of interest for the young people and for the community in general.»
Chiure User 2 Photo 1 P4
10.8%
89.2%
3.2% 2.2%
Services Tools&Facilities People Managing Users
What they DON'T LIKE (#93)
74.7%
25.3%
Facilities Technologies
Tools & Facilities
74.7%
25.3%
60.0%
40.0%
88.4%
11.6%
Facilities Technologies
Tools & Facilities All Staff Users
CMCs should… (reversed negative aspects)
... have premises in good conditions (technology mainteinance, security issue, health issues)
... should have premises that look nice (disorder, walls not
properly painted)
...take care of unused spaces and even their immediate outside
... be clean, litter should not be visible
...have technologies that work
c hal lenges a n d
a d vantages o f
p h oto - elicitation
- not always developed level of abstraction - specific language of the pictures -“overinterpretating” risk
- time&place issues + attached interview part + different focus than the interview + the method does not force an answer!
c hal lenges a n d
a d vantages o f
p h oto - elicitation
- not always developed level of abstraction - specific language of the pictures -“overinterpretating” risk
- time&place issues + attached interview part + different focus than the interview + the method does not force an answer!
c hal lenges a n d
a d vantages o f
p h oto - elicitation
- not always developed level of abstraction - specific language of the pictures -“overinterpretating” risk
- time&place issues + attached interview part + different focus than the interview + the method does not force an answer!
n o n -user s u r vey
(non users of the T C but act ive users
of the radio)
Motivations not to use (interviews results) Informations on respondent (computer & internet knowledge, where they use ICTs, plan to use ICTs in future) Media diet Demographics
c hal lenges o f
s u r vey
(up to now)
training to the interviewer parts difficult to understand (choice of the interviewee, maximum number of answers)
