Upload File

social psychology

6
Social Psychology Social Psychology How we think about, influence, and relate to one another. Basically, it’s the interaction between people. Footinthedoorphenomenon Asking for things a little bit at a time. Working your way up from small tasks to large tasks by taking baby steps that are successful. Normative Social Influence The act of one who conforms in order to fit in; or avoid disapproval from others. The Influence of other people that leads us to conform in order to be liked and accepted by them. Deindividuation The act of losing one’s self awareness, because of what everyone else is doing. This is very prevalent in large groups of people, and makes someone do things they wouldn’t normally do. People experiencing this become lost in a group. This often means that they will go along with whatever the group is doing. People tend to become less of an individual and more anonymous. Group Polarization The enhancement of a group’s beliefs about something through discussion within the group. It’s the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of it’s members. Overtime, and with discussion, the groups attitude towards a mutual belief or attitude may change in a way that it strengthened and more intense. Information Social Influence Given information or an opinion, one conforms. When you make decisions about how to behave, there are many sources of information available to help you make these decisions. Furthermore, you look to the behaviors of others who are also in the same or similar situation to see how they behave, then you can follow their lead. Stanley Milgram Studied obedience of others, and wanted to know if people just blindly obey. Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University, conducted an experiment focusing on the conflict between

Upload: ilkpol

Post on 03-Oct-2015

13 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

Report

DESCRIPTION

social psychology

TRANSCRIPT

  • SocialPsychologySocialPsychologyHowwethinkabout,influence,andrelatetooneanother.Basically,itstheinteractionbetweenpeople.FootinthedoorphenomenonAskingforthingsalittlebitatatime.Workingyourwayupfromsmalltaskstolargetasksbytakingbabystepsthataresuccessful.NormativeSocialInfluenceTheactofonewhoconformsinordertofitinoravoiddisapprovalfromothers.TheInfluenceofotherpeoplethatleadsustoconforminordertobelikedandacceptedbythem.DeindividuationTheactoflosingonesselfawareness,becauseofwhateveryoneelseisdoing.Thisisveryprevalentinlargegroupsofpeople,andmakessomeonedothingstheywouldntnormallydo.Peopleexperiencingthisbecomelostinagroup.Thisoftenmeansthattheywillgoalongwithwhateverthegroupisdoing.Peopletendtobecomelessofanindividualandmoreanonymous.GroupPolarizationTheenhancementofagroupsbeliefsaboutsomethingthroughdiscussionwithinthegroup.Itsthetendencyforgroupstomakedecisionsthataremoreextremethantheinitialinclinationofitsmembers.Overtime,andwithdiscussion,thegroupsattitudetowardsamutualbelieforattitudemaychangeinawaythatitstrengthenedandmoreintense.InformationSocialInfluenceGiveninformationoranopinion,oneconforms.Whenyoumakedecisionsabouthowtobehave,therearemanysourcesofinformationavailabletohelpyoumakethesedecisions.Furthermore,youlooktothebehaviorsofotherswhoarealsointhesameorsimilarsituationtoseehowtheybehave,thenyoucanfollowtheirlead.StanleyMilgramStudiedobedienceofothers,andwantedtoknowifpeoplejustblindlyobey.StanleyMilgram,apsychologistatYaleUniversity,conductedanexperimentfocusingontheconflictbetween

  • obediencetoauthorityandpersonalconscience.Heconcludedthatpeoplearemorelikelytoobeywhentheyseeanauthoritativefigure.Also,theinfluenceofhavingtheconductoroftheexperimenttellingusitsok,andthateverythingissafe,makesadifference.Whenanexperttellsyoutocontinue,therationalthingistokeepgoing.SolomonAschKnownforhisconformityexperiments.TheAschconformityexperimentswereaseriesoflaboratoryexperimentsthatdemonstratedthedegreetowhichanindividualsownopinionsareinfluencedbythoseofamajoritygroup.Basically,influenceofgrouppressureonopinions.PhilipZimbardoExperimentedroleplayingandhowitaffectsyourattitude.TheStanfordPrisonExperimentshowedhowpeoplecanadaptrolestohurtothersbecauseoftherole.Toinvestigatehowreadilypeoplewouldconformtotherolesofguardandprisonerinaroleplayingexercisethatsimulatedprisonlife.SocialLoafingThetendencyforpeopleinagrouptoexertlesseffortwhenposingtheireffortstowardattainingacommongoalthanwhenindividuallyaccountable.GroupthinkPsychologicalphenomenoninwhichpeoplestriveforconsensuswithinagroup.Inmanycases,peoplewillsetasidetheirownpersonalbeliefsoradopttheopinionoftherestofthegroup.Groupthinkoccurswhenagroupvaluesharmonyandcoherenceoveraccurateanalysisandcriticalevaluation.Itcausesindividualmembersofthegrouptounquestioninglyfollowthewordoftheleaderanddiscouragesanydisagreementwiththeconsensus.IngroupAsocialgrouptowhichapersonpsychologicallyidentifiesasbeingamember.Agroupofpeoplesharingsimilarinterestsandattitudes,producingfeelingsofsolidarityPrejudiceAnunjustifiable(andusuallynegative)attitudetowardagroupanditsmembers.Prejudicegenerallyinvolvesstereotypedbeliefs,negativefeelings,andapredispositiontodiscriminatoryaction.

  • StereotypeAgeneralized(sometimesaccuratebutoftenovergeneralized)beliefaboutagroupofpeople.Stereotypescomefromtruth,butstemfromoneincident,andbecomeoverexagerrated.ScapegoatTheoryThetheorythatprejudiceoffersanoutletforangerbyprovidingsomeonetoblame.Whenproblemsoccur,peopledontliketoblamethemselves.Theywillthusactivelyseekscapegoatsontowhomwecandisplaceouraggression.SocialExchangeTheoryTheresultofanexchangeprocess.Thepurposeofthisexchangeistomaximizebenefitsandminimizecosts.Essentially,peoplementallyweightthepotentialbenefitsandrisksofsocialrelationships.Whenrisksoutweighthereward,peoplewilloftenterminateorabandonthatrelationshiporidea.FrustrationAggressionTheoryFrustrationisafeelingoftensionthatoccurswhenoureffortstoreachsomegoalareblocked.Whenthisoccurs,itcanproducefeelingsofanger,whichinturncangeneratefeelingsofaggressionandaggressivebehavior.SelfFulfillingProphecyWhenapersonunknowinglycausesapredictiontocometrue,duetothesimplefactthatsheorsheexpectsittocometrue.Beliefthatcomestruebecauseweareactingasifitisalreadytrue.SelfServingBiasTendencytotakepersonalcreditforsuccesswhileblamingoutsidesourcesforourfailures.Essentially,webelievethatoursuccessesareduetointernaltraitsandtalents,whileourfailuresarecausedbyvariablesoutsideofourcontrol.Whensomethinggoodhappens,youtakeresponsibilityforit.Whensomethingbadhappens,weblameothers.AttributionTheoryHowweexplainsomeonesbehaviorbycreditingeitherthesituationorthepersonsdisposition.Attributionistheprocessofinferringthecausesofeventsorbehaviors.

  • CognitiveDissonanceTheoryFeelingofuncomfortabletensionwhichcomesfromholdingtwoconflictingthoughtsinthemindatthesametime.Wereacttoreducethediscomfort(dissonance),whenwefeeltwoofourthoughts(cognitions)areinconsistent.Wemustchangeinordertoeliminateorreducethedissonance.IngroupBiasThetendencytofavoronesowngroup.Thisisnotonegroupinparticular,butwhatevergroupyouassociatewithataparticulartime.Ingroupbiasinexhibitedwhensomeonegivespreferentialtreatmenttomembersofagrouptowhichheorshebelongs.JustworldphenomenonTheTendencyofpeopletobelievetheworldisjustandthatpeoplethereforegetwhattheydeserveanddeservewhattheyget.Sincepeoplewanttobelievethattheworldisfair,theywilllookforwaystoexplainorrationalizeawayinjusticeoftenbyblamingthevictimBystanderEffectThephenomenoninwhichthegreaterthenumberofpeoplepresent,thelesslikelypeoplearetohelpapersonindistress.Ex:Youcomeacrossapersonlayingdownonastairwell

    Ifweweretheonlyonepassingby,wearemorelikelytohelp Ifwedeemthattheydeservehelp,wedecidetohelp,Ifwedontthinktheydeserve

    help(ex:ahomelessmanwithabottleofboozeinhishand)wedonthelpthem Ifthepersonissimilartous(ex:dressedinablazer),wearemorelikelytohelp Ifwefeelguiltyaboutsomething,wearemorelikelytohelp Ifweareinagoodmood,wearemorelikelytohelpthepersonout

    AttractionThethreemainreasonsofwhyweareattractedtopeopleisbecauseof

    Similarity Proximity Physicalattraction

    Thetwomaintypesofloveinarelationshipare

  • PassionateLovelust,sex,intenseabsorptioninanother,totallyinlove,presentatthebeginningofarelationship,oftenfadesovertime

    CompanionateLoveInvolveswarmth,trust,andtoleranceofanotherperson,deepaffectionandcommitment,observedinlongtermenvironments

    CompanionshipTohaveagoodrelationship,acouplemusthave

    SelfdisclosureRevealingintimateaspectsofoneselftoothers

    EquityBothpartnersneedtocontribute.Aconditioninwhichpeoplereceivefromarelationshipinproportiontowhattheygivetoit.Fair/unfairdistributionsofresourceswithinrelationships

    ReciprocityNormAnexpectationthatpeoplewillhelp,nothurt,thosewhohavehelpedthem.Peoplewillrespondfavorablytoeachotherbyreturningbenefitsforbenefits.SocialresponsibilitynormAsocietalrulethattellspeopletheyshouldhelpotherswhoneedhelpevenifdoingsoiscostly.Inotherwords,itsanexpectationthatpeoplewillhelpthosedependentuponthem.SocialFacilitationPeopleperformbetterwhenothersarewatchingthem.ThetendencyforpeoplewhoarebeingwatchedorobservedtoperformbetterthantheywouldaloneoronsimpletasksGRITGraduatedandreciprocatedinitiativesintensionreduction.Thisisastrategydesignedtokeeppeace,andavoidconflictbyusingcommunication.UsedtodecreaseinternationaltensionSocialTrapConflictedbetweenthegoodofthegroup,overyourownselfinterests.Asituationinwhichagroupofpeopleacttoobtainshorttermindividualgains,whichinthelongrunleadstoalossforthegroupasawhole.Thinkoftheexamplewedidinclasswiththe5or10pointtestbonus.

  • OutgroupAsocialgrouptowhichanindividualdoesnotidentify.Ex:youplayonanintramuralsoftballteamthatmeetsonceaweek,youarepartofthatsoftballteamsingrouppeoplewhoareontheotherteamsarepartoftheoutgroup.


Social Influence - Social Psychology

Social Psychology Course Notes Social Psychology Week 1 ... · Social Psychology – Week 1 – Reading Notes Chapter 1 – Introducing Social Psychology – What is Social Psychology?

Social psychology

Chapter 15: Social Psychology. What is Social Psychology? Social psychology is the study of…

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY - PSYCHOLOGY 372€¦  · Web viewIt’s about your ability to KNOW about social psychology, to UNDERSTAND social psychology, and to see how social psychology APPLIES

CHAPTER 1 Introducing Social Psychology social psychology

Introduction to Social Psychology What is Social Psychology?

Unit 14: Social Psychology EQ: What is social psychology?

Social Psychology AP Psychology. What is Social Psychology? Social Psychology How other people, groups, and cultures shaped our perceptions Examples:

An Introduction Social Psychology - Psychology Coachingepsychology.in/download/books/social-psychology-william-mc-douga… · An Introduction to Social Psychology William McDougall,

Chapter 12 Social Psychology - zeigler-hill.com · Social Psychology PSY 1000: Introduction to Psychology Social Psychology Social ... We tend to interpret ambiguous behavior as being

Chapter 18 Social Psychology. Social Psychology Social Psychology Social Psychology The study of how people are influenced by groupsThe study of how people

Psychology CHAPTER Social Psychology 7. Module 18 Social Influence

General Psychology 203 Social Psychology

Social Psychology: 13 Social Psychology: Personal ...rbvtaylor.weebly.com/uploads/4/5/9/4/45947859/social_psychology.pdf · Social Psychology: Personal Perspectives 13 Social Psychology:

Social Psychology Crime Psychology. Social Psychology Attitudes Cognitive Dissonance Group Processes Deindividuation

C82SAD: Social and Developmental Psychology What is Social Psychology?

Social Psychology: Social Thinking - UW-Plattevillepeople.uwplatt.edu/~enrightc/General Psychology Spring 14/Presenta… · Social Psychology: Social Thinking •How do we explain

Social Psychology. “The Big 3” – Studies in Social Psychology

Emory Sociology Culture & Social Psychology Concentration ...sociology.emory.edu/.../culture-social-psychology-prelim-reading-list.pdf · Emory Sociology Culture & Social Psychology

Biological Psychology, Social Psychology and … · (AQA A) AS Psychology Unit 2: PSYA2 – Biological Psychology, Social Psychology and Individual Differences

Social Psychology Social psychology: Psychology that studies the effects of social variables and cognitions on individual behavior and social interaction

Social Psychology Talbot Social Psychology Applied Chapter 14 Social Psychology in the Clinic

Social Psychology - Social Influence

1 Social Psychology Psychology 40S. 2 Focuses in Social Psychology Social psychology studies how we behave, think and feel in social situations. Social

Social Psychology Classics - Reach Cambridge€¦ · The#Stanford#Prison#Experiment Milgram’sobedience#studies Asch’sConformityStudies. 1 Social Psychology. Social psychology