small fruits the health benefits of color · 2015-12-18 · small fruits the health benefits of...

Small FruitsThe Health Benefits of Color

Britt Burton-Freeman, PhDDirector, Center for Nutrition Research

Institute for Food Safety and HealthAssociate Professor, Food Science and Nutrition

Illinois Institute of [email protected]

Small Fruits ConferenceWashington 2015

Center for Nutrition Research

mailto:[email protected]

What are we going to talk about?

• Business• Consumers• Berry Chemistry – What makes these small

fruits special?• Berry Bio- chemistry – What do these small

fruits do in our body when we eat them: HEALTH BENEFITS

The Business Challenge

From a Nutrition and Public Health standpointGetting people to eat more Berries

From a Produce Grower, Packer, Buyer/Seller standpoint

Getting people to eat more Berries!!


Requires more than just the offering these days...

Need to Motivate Purchase… Motivate Consumption

Good NEWS Health is a driver … more so than ever


Getting People to Eat more Berries

Healthfulness as a driver of food and beverages purchases 58% 71%

http://www.foodinsight.org/sites/default/files/2014%20Food%20and%20Health%20Survey%20Full%20Report.pdf

People are thinking a lot about the healthfulness of the food they buy: 9 out 10 people


People are thinking about and making efforts to buy Fruits and Vegetables


Attracting Consumers to Berries


What will it take to get consumers to choose berries more often?

CONSUMERS NEED EVIDENCE

Consumer Demands

• Consumers want more from their food and they want to know more about it.

‘what’ food(s) to eat ‘what’ benefit(s) they deliver ‘how’ the food does what it claims


Meeting Consumer Demands

• Research provides the knowledge to deliver on consumer (and regulatory) demands. Knowledge for Decision-making

consumer, industry, regulators

Basis of communications and marketing platforms---- informs, awareness, attention


Health Concern Mayo Clinic US DH&HS Cleveland ClinicCardiovascular Disease #1 #1 #2

Diabetes #5 #5 #5

Alzheimer’s #7 #10 Only 7 Polled

11

• Cardiovascular, Diabetes & Alzheimer’s

Top Consumer Health Concerns

ABC 2013 Poll of over 5,000 diverse participants from around world: CVD, Obesity, Diabetes

Risk factors of CVD & Alzheimer’s Disease

Hypertension

Obesity

Hyperinsulinemia

Type 2 Diabetes

Dyslipidemia

Endothelial dysfunction

Hypercoagulability

InsulinResistance

CVD

Many of the risk factors are precipitated by insulin resistance

Slides source: Lipids online, modified

Alz Dis

Plant components with Biological activity

Color of Fruits and Vegetables

Color Phytochemical Fruits and vegetables

Green Glucosinolates Broccoli, kale

Orange α- and β-carotene Carrot, mango, pumpkin, melon

Red Lycopene Tomato, watermelon

Red-Purple Anthocyanins Berries, Grapes, radishes, cabbage

WhiteYellowOrange- Flavonoids Onion, peach, papaya, orange, tangerine

YellowGreen Lutein and Zeaxanthin Spinach, corn, avocado, melon

Heber and Bowerman, 2001

Phytochemicals PolyphenolsFlavonoidsAnthocyanidins Colors

Anthocyanidin R5’ R3’Pelargonidin H HCyandin H OHPeondin H OMeDelphinidin OH OHPetunidin OH OMeMalvidin OMe OMe

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=Op8aQ2kOA8BLEM&tbnid=3CDz0iZ41mze5M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intechopen.com%2Fbooks%2Fthe-mediterranean-genetic-code-grapevine-and-olive%2Fproduction-of-anthocyanins-in-grape-cell-cultures-a-potential-source-of-raw-material-for-pharmaceuti&ei=_mqXU8S8CZCwyATe1YKQBQ&bvm=bv.68693194,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNGL_R_mtqsUKUi9npI1naY1QbgooQ&ust=1402518637557717http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=Op8aQ2kOA8BLEM&tbnid=3CDz0iZ41mze5M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intechopen.com%2Fbooks%2Fthe-mediterranean-genetic-code-grapevine-and-olive%2Fproduction-of-anthocyanins-in-grape-cell-cultures-a-potential-source-of-raw-material-for-pharmaceuti&ei=_mqXU8S8CZCwyATe1YKQBQ&bvm=bv.68693194,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNGL_R_mtqsUKUi9npI1naY1QbgooQ&ust=1402518637557717http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=zwITuaK9FHJrdM&tbnid=2NpAdKQh3jnjtM&ved=0CAgQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.micro-ox.com%2Fchem_antho.htm&ei=KWmXU_IN1bbIBKebgqgG&psig=AFQjCNEXrQ6Z27FvVHRb2Qq4XXD2b2jRKQ&ust=1402518185107090http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=zwITuaK9FHJrdM&tbnid=2NpAdKQh3jnjtM&ved=0CAgQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.micro-ox.com%2Fchem_antho.htm&ei=KWmXU_IN1bbIBKebgqgG&psig=AFQjCNEXrQ6Z27FvVHRb2Qq4XXD2b2jRKQ&ust=1402518185107090

Dietary Sources of Anthocyanins

R- substitutions: -H, -OH, -OCH3Primarily observed as 3-glycosides

Example:-3-Glucoside-3-DiGlucoside-3-Rutinoside-3-malonylglucoside, etc

PeonidinCyanidin

Predominate Anthocyanidins in Select Berries

Cyanidin CyanidinPelargonidin

PelargonidinCyanidin

MalvidinDelphinidinPetunidinPeonidinCyanidin

Anthocyanidin R5’ R3’Pelargonidin H HCyandin H OHDelphinidin OH OHPeondin H OMePetunidin OH OMeMalvidin OMe OMe

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=zwITuaK9FHJrdM&tbnid=2NpAdKQh3jnjtM&ved=0CAgQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.micro-ox.com%2Fchem_antho.htm&ei=KWmXU_IN1bbIBKebgqgG&psig=AFQjCNEXrQ6Z27FvVHRb2Qq4XXD2b2jRKQ&ust=1402518185107090http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=zwITuaK9FHJrdM&tbnid=2NpAdKQh3jnjtM&ved=0CAgQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.micro-ox.com%2Fchem_antho.htm&ei=KWmXU_IN1bbIBKebgqgG&psig=AFQjCNEXrQ6Z27FvVHRb2Qq4XXD2b2jRKQ&ust=1402518185107090https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=https://fountaindaleasd.wordpress.com/tag/frozen-foods/&ei=ODNpVN-5IIOcyQTAroLACw&bvm=bv.79142246,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNFwTN8TS2APo1qbYpHL07z2Kf3zsw&ust=1416266842413753https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=https://fountaindaleasd.wordpress.com/tag/frozen-foods/&ei=ODNpVN-5IIOcyQTAroLACw&bvm=bv.79142246,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNFwTN8TS2APo1qbYpHL07z2Kf3zsw&ust=1416266842413753

Uniqueness of Raspberries and Blueberries

CyanidinPelargonidin

MalvidinDelphinidinPetunidinPeonidinCyanidinEllagitannins

Ellagic AcidChlorogenic Acid

Fiber

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=https://fountaindaleasd.wordpress.com/tag/frozen-foods/&ei=ODNpVN-5IIOcyQTAroLACw&bvm=bv.79142246,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNFwTN8TS2APo1qbYpHL07z2Kf3zsw&ust=1416266842413753https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=https://fountaindaleasd.wordpress.com/tag/frozen-foods/&ei=ODNpVN-5IIOcyQTAroLACw&bvm=bv.79142246,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNFwTN8TS2APo1qbYpHL07z2Kf3zsw&ust=1416266842413753http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=UZOOWCd8q1RS4M&tbnid=CRCvyCPtsj42CM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sanguiin_H-6.PNG&ei=Bz9kU575F8KBogSoyYKICA&psig=AFQjCNH85Lr7fyAMcPFKGf_yIY9XcY3PbQ&ust=1399165031781024http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=UZOOWCd8q1RS4M&tbnid=CRCvyCPtsj42CM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sanguiin_H-6.PNG&ei=Bz9kU575F8KBogSoyYKICA&psig=AFQjCNH85Lr7fyAMcPFKGf_yIY9XcY3PbQ&ust=1399165031781024http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=idpHzdtzcrBm1M&tbnid=C4bNf_kRxy35xM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.benbest.com/nutrceut/phytochemicals.html&ei=ST9kU4CoOML0oASxwoKAAQ&psig=AFQjCNE7qC2xbbEotEIVrGg2YeiX711aTg&ust=1399165116660299http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=idpHzdtzcrBm1M&tbnid=C4bNf_kRxy35xM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.benbest.com/nutrceut/phytochemicals.html&ei=ST9kU4CoOML0oASxwoKAAQ&psig=AFQjCNE7qC2xbbEotEIVrGg2YeiX711aTg&ust=1399165116660299

Health Promoting Constituents

Vitamins

Phenolicacids

Hydrolysable and Condensed

tannins

Minerals

Hydroxybenzoic acidsP-hydrobenzoic acidProtocatechuic acid

Vanillic acidSyringic acid

Gallic acid

Hydroxycinnamic acidsCoumaric acid

Caffeic acidFerrulic acidSinapic acid

Caffeoylquinic acid

Fiber Anthocyanins

Flavonols

• Whole food – Raw– Processed

• juice, concentrate, formulation

• Extracts– Grape seed– Tomato– Spices– Essential oils

• Purified compounds– Resveratrol– Anthocyanins– Curcumin– Lycopene

Studying Food …and its components

• Cell culture

• Animal models

• Human – Epidemiology– Clinical

– Safety/tolerability– Bioavailability– Efficacy

5x10

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

0.7

0.75

0.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

1.05

1.1

1.15

1.2

1.25

1.3

1.35

1.4

1.45

1.5

1.55

1.6

Counts vs. Acquisition Time (min)

2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5

Blood

HEALTH ENDPOINT

Nutritional Chemistry

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 30 60 90 120 180 240 300 360

0g

10g

20g

40g

Time (min.)

Conc

entr

atio

n (n

mol

/L)

**##&&$$

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000000000000

303030303.14686471373.14686471376.89543615686.895436156820.345655243920.3456552439

6060606029.200586655229.200586655224.750625769524.750625769532.068198085132.0681980851

9090909027.165424876927.165424876911.508327740411.508327740419.023811054219.0238110542

12012012012022.534602970122.534602970117.414313491717.414313491721.051887674821.0518876748

1801801801804.31852710894.318527108918.033531284718.033531284736.67370043136.673700431

24024024024017.412208946917.412208946927.080866534927.080866534935.704677035335.7046770353

3003003003004.14006180214.140061802115.760532219115.760532219116.632395597516.6323955975

3603603603609.43144043569.43144043567.6406003047.64060030411.326075666411.3260756664

Time (min.)

Concentration (nmol/L)

**

##

&&

$$

0g

10g

20g

40g

0

0

0

0

0

12.2927436698

23.940019043

41.4759522202

0

54.3120178547

70.9951214184

86.9286451277

0

81.3187401974

123.7561948992

157.9502195451

0

92.9132961405

165.3282700952

195.3490631268

0

77.3559903063

143.9604120408

226.7354

0

51.4039239237

106.7636875415

134.3948003666

0

32.9413800541

84.0652090785

98.9188481464

0

21.2228899453

65.6096322067

80.8394891496

Summary

SubjectDietTimePlg-glucoside nmole/LPlg-glucuronide nmole/LPlg-glucoside AUCPlg-glucoside AUC Sum3L AUC TotalPlg-glucuronide AUCPlg-glucuronide AUC Sum3L AUC TotalCy-glucosideCy-glucoside *dilCyanidin-glucoside AUCCyanidin-glucoside AUC Sum3L AUC Total

5101000.0000.0000.0000.000

51010300.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

51010600.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

51010900.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510101200.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510101800.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510102400.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510103000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510103600.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

51011000.0000.0001.3732.746

510110306.10617.4341.5264.3581.4942.9891.434

510110607.26864.6763.34320.5281.6273.2531.561

510110907.79284.4063.76537.2711.6663.3331.647

5101101208.49079.9204.07141.0821.5753.1501.621

5101101808.36472.8838.42776.4021.4232.8462.998

5101102407.57668.3897.97070.6361.3652.7302.788

5101103007.41828.9567.49748.6731.3212.6422.686

5101103607.4616.9757.44044.039233.05417.966316.9151677.1121.2452.4902.56617.29991.548

51012000.0000.0000.0000.000

510120305.31822.1631.3295.5411.4622.9250.731

510120606.29285.8072.90326.9931.7663.5311.614

510120908.033136.9453.58155.6882.1054.2101.935

5101201209.547150.4264.39571.8431.9283.8552.016

5101201808.775137.1199.161143.7721.8973.7933.824

5101202406.987125.7287.881131.4231.7563.5123.653

5101203005.74289.9176.364107.8231.5363.0723.292

5101203605.02068.3205.38140.996216.94879.119622.2013292.6881.3652.7302.90119.966105.661

51014000.0000.0000.0000.000

510140306.13127.9811.5336.9951.3152.6300.658

510140607.90161.9453.50822.4811.8013.6021.558

510140907.890142.7623.94851.1772.3824.7642.092

51014012010.539176.5524.60779.8293.5727.1442.977

5101401809.028180.4889.783178.5203.1496.2976.720

5101402407.937138.0948.482159.2912.8485.6955.996

5101403007.524126.4257.731132.2592.6115.2225.459

5101403607.816100.3687.67047.263250.114113.396743.9493936.9782.2894.5794.90030.360160.665

5102000.0000.0000.0000.000

51020300.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

51020600.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

51020900.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510201200.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510201800.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510202400.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510203000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510203600.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

51021000.0000.0000.0000.000

510210308.9079.4492.2272.3621.4942.9870.747

5102106013.51636.0635.60611.3781.5113.0231.503

5102109016.20467.2057.43025.8171.6863.3721.599

51021012016.98280.1298.29636.8332.1314.2621.909

51021018016.58579.32816.78379.7281.6663.3323.797

51021024016.92171.59416.75375.4611.6533.3053.319

51021030012.42935.92314.67553.7591.4542.9083.107

5102103608.61021.92010.51982.289305.12928.921314.2601165.2751.4282.8562.88218.86169.938

51022000.0000.0000.0000.000

5102203010.56330.0712.6417.5182.0734.1461.036

5102206019.32068.7387.47124.7022.7865.5722.430

5102209020.683122.00110.00147.6852.8665.7312.826

51022012024.153148.51011.20967.6282.9355.8702.900

51022018019.339154.32721.746151.4182.8895.7785.824

51022024018.438106.84718.888130.5872.6825.3645.571

51022030013.550101.65715.994104.2522.1294.2574.810

5102203609.03473.78911.29299.241367.98787.723621.5132304.5692.0274.0554.15629.553109.584

51024000.0000.0000.0000.000

5102403015.05466.0563.76316.5141.5353.0710.768

5102406026.42095.14310.36940.3002.1184.2361.827

5102409029.315144.95713.93460.0252.4394.8782.279

51024012032.076183.90215.34882.2152.9305.8612.685

51024018031.689194.94531.883189.4242.8715.7425.801

51024024023.145172.99927.417183.9722.7575.5155.628

51024030018.96492.14721.054132.5732.4174.8345.174

51024036014.19079.57116.577140.345520.40085.859790.8812932.5862.4164.8334.83328.995107.512

5104000.0000.0000.0000.000

51040300.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

51040600.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

51040900.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510401200.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510401800.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510402400.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510403000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510403600.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

51041000.0000.0000.000

510410305.99612.3751.4993.0941.3242.6490.662

510410608.35516.4503.5887.2061.4152.8301.370

510410908.04542.6124.10014.7661.5083.0171.462

5104101208.32770.1664.09328.1941.6313.2631.570

5104101806.54472.5007.43571.3331.3172.6332.948

5104102405.17133.0325.85752.7661.3132.6252.629

5104103004.90729.7925.03931.4121.3062.6122.619

5104103604.95218.2974.93036.541166.77224.045232.8161062.5701.2952.5902.60115.86072.385

51042000.0000.0000.0000.000

510420308.57831.3252.1447.8311.3902.7800.695

510420609.20898.0694.44632.3481.5453.0891.467

510420909.399128.0274.65256.5241.6073.2141.576

5104201209.523191.1484.73079.7941.6323.2641.620

5104201808.881146.4559.202168.8011.5043.0083.136

5104202406.627140.7427.754143.5981.4102.8192.914

5104203006.05593.8896.341117.3151.3982.7952.807

5104203604.03670.7935.04544.314202.25182.341688.5533142.5561.3332.6652.73016.94477.334

51044000.0000.0000.0000.000

510440309.35261.2832.33815.3211.3002.6010.650

5104406010.69966.3695.01331.9131.4752.9501.388

5104409012.572152.1335.81854.6251.5853.1701.530

51044012013.071225.9136.41194.5121.7673.5351.676

51044018010.519259.91311.795242.9131.7733.5463.541

5104402406.922164.8488.720212.3801.5213.0413.294

5104403006.348102.3546.635133.6011.5203.0403.041

5104403606.36578.0046.35653.086242.28690.179875.4443995.5241.5043.0083.02418.14382.805

5105000.0000.0000.0000.000

51050300.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

51050600.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

51050900.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510501200.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510501800.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510502400.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510503000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510503600.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

51051000.0000.0000.0000.000

510510304.96112.1661.2403.0411.4082.8170.704

510510606.38192.8442.83526.2521.6113.2221.510

510510909.349104.1653.93249.2521.6133.2271.612

51051012011.896115.7305.31154.9741.7743.5471.693

51051018011.36981.20911.63298.4691.6133.2263.387

5105102407.45843.0649.41462.1371.4802.9603.093

5105103006.99338.5717.22640.8181.4522.9032.932

5105103606.82231.4646.90748.498214.55535.018369.9611637.4471.3032.6062.75517.68678.276

51052000.0000.0000.0000.000

510520309.57714.4652.3943.6161.4272.8540.713

510520609.72132.3704.82411.7091.6573.3151.542

5105209011.091105.6285.20334.5001.7943.5871.726

51052012011.190171.7455.57069.3431.7843.5681.789

51052018010.325164.63910.758168.1921.9683.9363.752

5105202407.23782.8468.781123.7421.9283.8553.896

5105203006.87467.4497.05575.1471.7713.5433.699

5105203604.19758.8455.53550.121221.73663.147549.3962431.6271.7673.5333.53820.65591.418

51054005.0000.0000.0000.000

510540309.30325.8913.5766.4731.3582.7160.679

5105406011.177139.5235.12041.3531.7363.4721.547

5105409013.120160.1806.07474.9262.6085.2162.172

51054012018.545208.4967.91692.1692.8555.7092.731

51054018017.415257.02117.980232.7582.6665.3325.521

5105402408.68594.76013.050175.8902.4554.9095.121

5105403008.54386.4698.61490.6141.9993.9974.453

5105403607.68774.3818.11570.446311.65480.425794.6083516.9361.7443.4893.74325.967114.931

5106000.0000.0000.0000.000

51060300.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

51060600.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

51060900.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510601200.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510601800.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510602400.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510603000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

510603600.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

51061000.0000.0000.0000.000

510610307.03810.0411.7592.5101.7413.4830.871

510610608.87561.5273.97817.8921.9663.9321.854

510610908.482108.2064.33942.4332.1304.2592.048

5106101207.150118.6223.90856.7072.1714.3422.150

5106101806.49080.8606.82099.7412.0114.0224.182

5106102405.90640.9396.19860.9001.9043.8093.915

5106103004.99931.4645.45336.2021.7953.5913.700

5106103604.50927.4584.75437.210137.97429.461345.8461282.3991.4542.9083.24921.96981.461

51062000.0000.0000.0000.000

510620307.65221.6761.9135.4191.4612.9220.730

510620608.86569.9924.12922.9172.1574.3131.809

510620907.866126.1814.18349.0432.4934.9862.325

5106201207.122164.8133.74772.7482.4864.9722.489

5106201806.298117.2636.710141.0382.0824.1644.568

5106202405.39377.6565.84697.4591.7483.4963.830

5106203005.08667.4145.24072.5351.5443.0873.291

5106203604.54356.3024.81436.582135.64661.858523.0171939.3481.4732.9473.01722.05981.796

51064000.0000.0000.0000.000

510640306.27226.1691.5686.5421.4442.8880.722

510640607.88571.6643.53924.4582.1064.2121.775

510640907.651189.7203.88465.3464.6609.3213.383

5106401206.525181.8823.54492.9005.41110.8215.035

5106401805.336241.3105.930211.5965.07810.15510.488

5106402404.722101.2745.029171.2924.1728.3459.250

5106403004.53387.2004.62794.2373.3116.6227.483

5106403604.55071.8734.54132.664121.11679.537745.9082765.8293.5467.0926.85744.994166.838

min±

PG Tmax14830.980.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

P3G Tmax10824.8440.054211.966316.9151677.11217.09991.548

Cy Tmax12226.5137.055196.096623.7013300.62619.966105.661

PG Cmaxnmol/L±43.021227.669745.4493944.91630.360160.665

10g93.3821.960.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

20g166.4916.1673.913274.069314.2601165.27518.86169.938

40g226.7436.6789.797332.969621.5132304.56929.553109.584

126.637469.569790.8812932.58628.995107.512

P3G Cmaxnmol/L±0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

10g10.913.6933.612153.405232.8161062.57015.86072.385

20g12.666.4840.438184.557688.5533142.55616.94477.334

40g16.429.6048.726222.386875.4443995.52418.14382.805

0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

Cy Cmaxnmol/L±43.791193.732369.9611637.44717.68678.276

10g3.750.5245.731202.312549.3962431.62720.65591.418

20g4.451.0063.921282.787794.6083516.93625.967114.931

40g6.622.680.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

34.111126.483345.8461282.39921.96981.461

33.659124.807523.0171939.34822.05981.796

30.149111.793745.9082765.82944.994166.838

510100

51010300.000

51010600.000

51010900.000

510101200.000

510101800.000

510102400.000

510103000.000

510103600.000

51011000.000

510110300.000

510110600.000

510110900.000

5101101200.000

5101101800.000

5101102400.000

5101103000.000

5101103600.000

51012000.000

510120300.000

510120600.000

510120900.000

5101201200.000

5101201800.000

5101202400.000

5101203000.000

5101203600.000

51014000.000

510140300.000

510140600.000

510140900.000

5101401200.000

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5101402400.000

5101403000.000

5101403600.000

5102000.000

51020300.000

51020600.000

51020900.000

510201200.000

51020180

51020240

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51020360

5102100

51021030

51021060

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510210120

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5102400

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5105400

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5107400

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5108400

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510900

5109030

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51090120

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5109100

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510920300

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5109400

51094030

51094060

51094090

510940120

510940180

510940240

510940300

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511000

5110030

5110060

5110090

51100120

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51100300

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5110100

51101030

51101060

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511010120

511010180

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511010300

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5110200

51102030

51102060

51102090

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51104030

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511040240

511040300

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511100

5111030

5111060

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51110120

51110180

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51110360

5111100

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511110120

511110180

511110240

511110300

511110360

5111200

51112030

51112060

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511120120

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511120240

511120300

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5111400

51114030

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51114090

511140120

511140180

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511140300

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511300

5113030

5113060

5113090

51130120

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51130240

51130300

51130360

5113100

51131030

51131060

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511310120

511310180

511310240

511310300

511310360

5113200

51132030

51132060

51132090

511320120

511320180

511320240

511320300

511320360

5113400

51134030

51134060

51134090

511340120

511340180

511340240

511340300

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511600

5116030

5116060

5116090

51160120

51160180

51160240

51160300

51160360

5116100

51161030

51161060

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511610120

511610180

511610240

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511610360

5116200

51162030

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511620120

511620180

511620240

511620300

511620360

5116400

51164030

51164060

51164090

511640120

511640180

511640240

511640300

511640360

511700

5117030

5117060

5117090

51170120

51170180

51170240

51170300

51170360

5117100

51171030

51171060

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511710120

511710180

511710240

511710300

511710360

5117200

51172030

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51172090

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5117400

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51174060

51174090

511740120

511740180

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511800

5118030

5118060

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51180120

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51180240

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5118100

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5118400

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51184060

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511840120

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511840240

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511840360

511900

5119030

5119060

5119090

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51190240

51190300

51190360

5119100

51191030

51191060

51191090

511910120

511910180

511910240

511910300

511910360

5119200

51192030

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51192090

511920120

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511920240

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511920360

5119400

51194030

51194060

51194090

511940120

511940180

511940240

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512000

5120030

5120060

5120090

51200120

51200180

51200240

51200300

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5120100

51201030

51201060

51201090

512010120

512010180

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5120200

51202030

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512020360

5120400

51204030

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512040120

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512040240

512040300

512040360

512100

5121030

5121060

5121090

51210120

51210180

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5121100

51211030

51211060

51211090

512110120

512110180

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512200

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5122090

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5122100

51221030

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5122200

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512220120

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5122400

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5123090

51230120

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51230360

5123100

51231030

51231060

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512310120

512310180

512310240

512310300

512310360

5123200

51232030

51232060

51232090

512320120

512320180

512320240

512320300

512320360

5123400

51234030

51234060

51234090

512340120

512340180

512340240

512340300

512340360

512400

5124030

5124060

5124090

51240120

51240180

51240240

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5124100

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51241060

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512410120

512410180

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512410360

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51242030

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512420180

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5124400

51244030

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51244090

512440120

512440180

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512500

5125030

5125060

5125090

51250120

51250180

51250240

51250300

51250360

5125100

51251030

51251060

51251090

512510120

512510180

512510240

512510300

512510360

5125200

51252030

51252060

51252090

512520120

512520180

512520240

512520300

512520360

5125400

51254030

51254060

51254090

512540120

512540180

512540240

512540300

512540360

Treatments

Strawberry fresh2x dilutionStrawberry FD2x dilutionOld powder2x dilutionPlacebo2x dilution10mg2x dilution20mg2x dilution40mg2x dilution

Compound NamePrecursor IonProduct Ionng/gng/gng/20mgng/20mgng/20mgng/20mgng/mlng/mlng/mlng/mlng/mlng/mlng/mlng/ml

cyanidin diglucoside611287100.9558213201.911642668.46799136.9359875.01181150.02362NA72.67571145.3514299.2086198.4172136.3239272.6478

plg-diglucoside59527161.86241123.7248266.15513132.3102641.6837883.36756NA33.1919966.3839858.7828117.5656109.8185219.637

plg-rutinoside5792717397.921514795.8432006.071594012.143183173.8376347.674NA1920.3033840.6063976.7947953.5886925.19113850.382

pelargonidin-3-malonylglucoside51927148609.0292597218.0585220.754996441.5099921568.4653136.93NA764.33831528.67661703.7223407.4444831.9339663.866

plg-malonylrhamnoside503271548.157571096.31514156.206219312.412438264.53967529.07934NA160.4391320.8782350.3996700.7992973.72161947.4432

cyanidin glucoside44928720382.240764.44538.29076.45223.310446.639.478.82482.74965.465441308815130.830261.6

plg-glucuronide447271116.41259232.8251836.0832772.1665426.801153.6022NA15.9301731.8603427.2952354.5904640.9984281.99684

plg-glucoside433271213284.4426568.888275.6176551.290524.2181048.424.448.852081.5104163108164.8216329.6189240.9378481.8

plg27112121262.0314742524.062948724.477817448.95569167.25718334.5145.2664310.532864912.8159825.6310638.5721277.1418818.8337637.66

Sum311762.9706113623525.9412226104092.016995208184.03399110065.09536220130.1907269.06643138.1328662443.89327124887.78654131563.57223263127.14446236208.51642472417.03284

Anthos total mg0.048070235342.212071850587.8844662496154.4803697387

Plg-glu mg0.016982435.20709472.2540864123.7635486

Plg-based mg0.020647835340.484637870683.4468029048144.4956707081

Cy-glucoside0.02742241.67830524.3713929.8955432

Placebo10mg20mg40mg

Compound Nameng/gnmoles/gng/mlnmoles/gnmole/shakeng/mlnmoles/gnmole/shakeng/mlnmoles/gnmole/shake

cyanidin diglucoside6110145.351420.237891031180.4071685106198.41720.3247417349108.4637394435272.64780.4462320786145.917889689

plg-diglucoside595066.383980.111569714337.7105634286117.56560.197589243765.994807395219.6370.3691378151120.7080655462

plg-rutinoside57903840.6066.63317098452242.01179274617953.58813.73676683944588.080124352313850.38223.92121243527822.2364663212

pelargonidin-3-malonylglucoside51901528.67662.945426975995.55431753373407.4446.56540269752192.84450096349663.86618.62016570336088.7941849711

plg-malonylrhamnoside5030320.87820.637928827215.6199435388700.79921.3932389662465.34181471171947.44323.87165646121266.0316628231

cyanidin glucoside44978.80.175501113661.07438752784965.411.05879732743737.87349665921308829.149220499735.839643652630261.667.397772828522039.0717149221

plg-glucuronide447031.860340.071275928424.091263803154.590460.122126308740.790187114181.996840.183438120859.9842655034

plg-glucoside43348.80.112702078539.2203233256104163240.561200923881309.6859122402216329.6499.6064665127166868.559815242378481.8874.0919168591285828.056812933

plg27110.532860.038866642113.52559143919825.6336.256937269412254.84479704821277.1478.513431734326223.48619926237637.66138.884354243545415.1838376384

Total113.8203022926100897.799255508210289.400832137368785.984900347

0.113100.8977992555umole/10g of powder210.2894008321umole/20g powder368.7859849003umole/40g powder

Placebo10g Straw20g Straw40g Straw

Weight(g)348338334327Ref to Azzini paper

Total Pelgs0/control drinkTotal Pelgs10Total Pelgs20Total Pelgs40

52.7459147647nmol/shake97079.5185903385nmol/shake200445.097449041nmol/shake346600.995295736nmol/shake

Treatment plg-glucoside nmoleTreatment cyanidin-glucoside nmoleTreatment plg total nmoleTotal Cyan nmol

39.22061.07452.70061.0743875278

81309.6803737.87397079.5003818.2806651699

166868.5609735.840200445.1009844.3033830961

285828.06022039.072346601.00022184.9896046111

Bioavailability

SubjectTreatmentTreatment plg-glucoside nmoleTreatment cyanidin-glucoside nmoleTreatment cyanidin total nmolePlg-glucoside AUC/ 3L (nmol)Plg-glucuronide AUC/ 3LCyanidin-glucoside AUC/ 3L% bioavail plg-glucoside% bioavail plg-glucuronide from glucoside% bioavail total cya

5101039.22061.07461.0740.0000.0000.000000

51011081309.6803737.8733818.281211.9661677.11291.5480.26068973042.06262270662.4492114268

510120166868.5609735.8409844.303196.0963300.626105.6610.11751494861.97797965511.0852828196

510140285828.06022039.07222184.990227.6693944.916160.6650.07965247831.38017088690.7289989019

5102039.22061.0740.0000.0000.000000

51021081309.6803737.873274.0691165.27569.9380.33706826181.43313232711.8710558413

510220166868.5609735.840332.9692304.569109.5840.199539441.3810685241.1255732552

510240285828.06022039.072469.5692932.586107.5120.16428364171.0259965860.4878235925

5104039.22061.0740.0000.0000.0000.00000

51041081309.6803737.873153.4051062.57072.3850.18866738691.30681900221.9365238515

510420166868.5609735.840184.5573142.55677.3340.11060037521.8832523320.7943206547

510440285828.06022039.072222.3863995.52482.8050.07780416361.39787682450.3757195833

5105039.22061.0740.0000.0000.0000.00000

51051081309.6803737.873193.7321637.44778.2760.23826486282.01384031312.0941324812

510520166868.5609735.840202.3122431.62791.4180.12124043661.45721071530.9389880015

510540285828.06022039.072282.7873516.936114.9310.09893616431.23043763610.5214897097

5106039.22061.0740.0000.0000.0000.00000

51061081309.6803737.873126.4831282.39981.4610.15555700241.57717816312.1793322132

510620166868.5609735.840124.8071939.34881.7960.07479380351.16220075420.8401561467

510640285828.06022039.072111.7932765.829166.8380.03911187770.96765471590.7570101578

Average

10 g191.9311364.961Cyanidin bioavailability

20 g208.1482623.74510 g78.7222.06

40 g262.8413431.15820 g93.1590.95

40 g126.5500.57

AverageBioavailability of plg-glu from plg-glu

10g207.3150.25

20g258.9370.16

40g65.7100.02

AverageBioavailability of pel-glc from pel-glu

10g1364.9611.679

20g2623.7451.572

40g3431.1581.200

Sheet1

SubjectTreatmentP3G doseAUC PGAUC PG/doseCmax PGCmax PG/doseAUC P3GAUC P3G/dose P3GCmax P3GCmax/dose P3G% bioavail plg-glucoside as PG% bioavail plg-glucoside as P3G%bioavail Cy3G

510100.039220.0000.0000.00000.000012.4340000

51011081.30968316.9153.89879.9200.982906899340.0540.492610979515.6510.19248670852.06262270660.26068973042.4492114268

510120166.86856623.7013.738150.4260.901463175837.0550.222061505317.4340.10448004721.97797965510.11751494861.0852828196

510140285.82806745.4492.608180.4880.631456547743.0210.150514887319.9750.06988460791.38017088690.07965247830.7289989019

510200.0000.0000.00000.000012.6200000

510210314.2603.86580.1290.985477441173.9130.909029832118.9010.23246021961.43313232710.33706826181.8710558413

510220621.5133.725154.3270.924841683889.7970.538132254724.9850.14973152521.3810685240.199539441.1255732552

510240790.8812.767194.9450.6820359065126.6370.443051892430.0790.10523387831.0259965860.16428364170.4878235925

510400.0000.0000.00000.000011.3430000

510410232.8162.86372.5000.891652665733.6120.41338165412.9340.15907211731.30681900220.18866738691.9365238515

510420688.5534.126191.1481.14550016840.4380.242332110415.0600.09024911521.8832523320.11060037520.7943206547

510440875.4443.063259.9130.909333394348.7260.170473627617.2580.06038050211.39787682450.07780416360.3757195833

510500.0000.0000.00000.000012.5350000

510510369.9614.550115.7301.423326393243.7910.538573378817.7870.21875465512.01384031310.23826486282.0941324812

510520549.3963.292171.7451.029222490845.7310.274051619815.5560.09322064071.45721071530.12124043660.9389880015

510540794.6082.780257.0210.899215423463.9210.22363509120.4500.07154718511.23043763610.09893616430.5214897097

510600.0000.0000.00000.000011.4750000

510610345.8464.253118.6221.458885554634.1110.419517266413.4380.16526387441.57717816310.15555700242.1793322132

510620523.0173.134164.8130.987679837833.6590.201709286613.4410.08054675451.16220075420.07479380350.8401561467

510640745.9082.610241.3100.844248811730.1490.105479713213.1430.04598102890.96765471590.03911187770.7570101578

Averaged

00.0000.00000.000

10315.9593.88693.3801.148

20601.2363.603166.4920.998

40790.4582.766226.7350.793

Sheet2

0102040

0000

012.165792952722.163434632927.9808777013

092.843626163785.806958500261.9449914235

0104.1649974044136.9447215199142.7621645883

0115.7302135642150.4258620435176.5521033684

081.208740027137.1188964621180.488

043.0644276928125.7278552445138.0942761382

038.570714184989.9174871353126.4245550132

031.464376544668.3197943068100.3679836652

0000

010.040858658230.070977007366.0555200586

061.526971562368.73781416895.1427354003

0108.2058560627122.0005114822144.9567688596

0118.6215176041148.5099376797183.9022859277

080.8603901427154.327194.945

040.9394933984106.8472915138172.9989345482

031.4643765446101.656878237292.146926395

027.458352874873.788887490879.5714955707

0000

017.433631.325036590861.2831266433

064.676498.068874428666.3690349545

084.4062128.0269644811152.1327764768

079.919845455191.1479635218225.913281978

072.8831777915146.4546733622259.913

068.3894642836140.7417352592164.8475472548

028.956257377493.8886758167102.3535780059

06.975379676170.793078485578.0039210912

0000

09.448663854914.464902189225.8907783953

036.062595017732.3700862438139.522510664

067.2050746769105.6280669186160.1796588048

080.1288553856171.7448749646208.4957877615

079.3276506516164.6385373242257.021

071.594283219582.845984483494.7595505275

035.92325506467.44891959686.4688232804

021.919589713958.84467745374.3810822941

0000

012.374802883321.675744794926.1694583028

016.450496529969.991873751671.6639531964

042.6115728432126.1807100941189.7197289961

070.1660486937164.8127122664181.8818565986

072.4999929187117.2629530553241.31

033.031951024177.6555712068101.2736933645

029.792297099867.414084607587.2003580375

018.296750916956.301723297471.872963127

AverageStdev

00000000

30012.292743669823.94001904341.47595222023.14686471376.895436156820.3456552439

60054.312017854770.995121418486.928645127729.200586655224.750625769532.0681980851

90081.3187401974123.7561948992157.950219545127.165424876911.508327740419.0238110542

120092.9132961405165.3282700952195.349063126822.534602970117.414313491721.0518876748

180077.3559903063143.9604120408226.73544.318527108918.033531284736.673700431

240051.4039239237106.7636875415134.394800366617.412208946927.080866534935.7046770353

300032.941380054184.065209078598.91884814644.140061802115.760532219116.6323955975

360021.222889945365.609632206780.83948914969.43144043567.64060030411.3260756664

Sheet2

00000000

3.14686471373.14686471376.89543615686.895436156820.345655243920.3456552439

29.200586655229.200586655224.750625769524.750625769532.068198085132.0681980851

27.165424876927.165424876911.508327740411.508327740419.023811054219.0238110542

22.534602970122.534602970117.414313491717.414313491721.051887674821.0518876748

4.31852710894.318527108918.033531284718.033531284736.67370043136.673700431

17.412208946917.412208946927.080866534927.080866534935.704677035335.7046770353

4.14006180214.140061802115.760532219115.760532219116.632395597516.6323955975

9.43144043569.43144043567.6406003047.64060030411.326075666411.3260756664

Time (min.)

Concentration (nmol/L)

**

##

&&

$$

0g

10g

20g

40g

**

##

&&

$$

EVIDENCE…..

Whole Fruit Fruit product Fruit /Seed Extract Isolated Fruit compounds

What health benefits have been documented about

Blueberries and Raspberries?

How do these components work to promote health and disease risk

reduction?

Bulk of the ResearchRaspberries & Blueberries

Cognitive FunctionImproving memory and

Mobility tasks

Other effect of Blueberries?

Hypertension, diabetes

Anti-CancerCell culture studies

CVD and DiabetesBioavailability

Metabolic health

Anti-Oxidant Properties

Anti-Inflammatory Properties

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=https://fountaindaleasd.wordpress.com/tag/frozen-foods/&ei=ODNpVN-5IIOcyQTAroLACw&bvm=bv.79142246,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNFwTN8TS2APo1qbYpHL07z2Kf3zsw&ust=1416266842413753https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=https://fountaindaleasd.wordpress.com/tag/frozen-foods/&ei=ODNpVN-5IIOcyQTAroLACw&bvm=bv.79142246,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNFwTN8TS2APo1qbYpHL07z2Kf3zsw&ust=1416266842413753

BlueberriesCognitive FunctionMemory Tasks in

Aging animals

YOUNG Morris Water MazeOLD

Shukitt-Hale and Joseph et al. Exp Gerontol. 1999;34:797-808.

DIET

0

12

24

36

48

60

LATE

NCY

TO

PLA

TFO

RM (s

ec)

TRIAL 1 vs TRIAL 2, DAYS 3-4

CONTROL BLUEBERRY

TRIAL 1

TRIAL 2

*=different than Trial 1

*

Morris Water Maze and Memory PerformanceBlueberry in diet of old rats improves memory

Slide courtesy of Shukitt-Hale

Older rats find the platform faster the second time when on BB diet

Older Adults Consuming Blueberry Juice

• Older adults with mild cognitive impairment

• Similar age, education, waist circumference and “clinical dementia rating.”

• Blueberry vs Placebo Juice12 weeks

Krikorian, R et al JAFC, 2010

Verbal Word List Recall Improves After Blueberry Juice

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Baseline Final

List recall

Verbal Memoryt(8) = 2.44, p = .04


Chart1

Baseline

Final

Baseline

List recall


7.2

9.6

Sheet1

BaselineFinal

Baseline7.29.6

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Baseline Final

Paired Associate Learning


Paired Association Learning Before and After Blueberry Juice


Chart1

Baseline

Final

Baseline

Paired Associate Learning


9.3

13.2

Sheet1

BaselineFinal

Baseline9.313.2

Blueberries

Cognitive FunctionImproving memory and

Mobility tasks

Other effect of Blueberries?

HypertensionDiabetes

http://jrmcnd.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/blood-pressure-measuring.jpghttp://jrmcnd.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/blood-pressure-measuring.jpg

• Smoking• High blood pressure• High cholesterol (total or LDL)• Low HDL• High Triglycerides• Obesity• Diabetes, Insulin Resistance• Inactivity• Poor Diet• Stress

Traditional Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease

Adapted from Stampfer MJ et al. Circulation. 2004;109(suppl):IV3-IV5.

• Age (older)• Gender (male)• Family history/ genetics• Race

1.6 Billion will have high blood pressure worldwide - 2025

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=QNirQoi1JP9G0M&tbnid=ZYnFfqp2DCcHpM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.123rf.com/photo_12395815_heart-attack-and-heart-beats-cardiogram-background.html&ei=O3fCUe7sMPS44APoqICIBg&bvm=bv.48175248,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNFGYL9MmksZYYVens2dTSRB_LeMng&ust=1371785358674704http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=QNirQoi1JP9G0M&tbnid=ZYnFfqp2DCcHpM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.123rf.com/photo_12395815_heart-attack-and-heart-beats-cardiogram-background.html&ei=O3fCUe7sMPS44APoqICIBg&bvm=bv.48175248,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNFGYL9MmksZYYVens2dTSRB_LeMng&ust=1371785358674704

Blueberries and blood pressure after 8 weeks

* p

Blueberry and Blood PressureReduced in Post-Menopausal women after

8 week intervention

Johnson et al 2015 1 cup equivalent of BBN=48

Systolic Blood Pressure drops 7 mmHg

Diastolic Blood Pressure Drops 5 mmHg

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://wever.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/blueberries_01.jpg&imgrefurl=http://wever.wordpress.com/2008/04/&h=433&w=442&sz=44&tbnid=Q3L29ZfPyy7oZM::&tbnh=124&tbnw=127&prev=/images?q=picture+of+blueberries&hl=en&usg=__MYcUpSGj3rLusfBNUVNpW3jslgc=&ei=g5a2SfavB4yeM9GPnNUK&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=3&ct=image&cd=1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://wever.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/blueberries_01.jpg&imgrefurl=http://wever.wordpress.com/2008/04/&h=433&w=442&sz=44&tbnid=Q3L29ZfPyy7oZM::&tbnh=124&tbnw=127&prev=/images?q=picture+of+blueberries&hl=en&usg=__MYcUpSGj3rLusfBNUVNpW3jslgc=&ei=g5a2SfavB4yeM9GPnNUK&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=3&ct=image&cd=1

How could Blueberry or other Berries impact Blood Pressure?

• Maintaining a healthy Endothelium

Vessel relaxation/contractionNitric Oxide

How do you measure a “healthy” Endothelium?

Vasodilation: How well do your vessels expand and contract?

Ana Rodriguez-Mateos et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;98:1179-1191

Blueberries and Vessel Relaxation

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://wever.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/blueberries_01.jpg&imgrefurl=http://wever.wordpress.com/2008/04/&h=433&w=442&sz=44&tbnid=Q3L29ZfPyy7oZM::&tbnh=124&tbnw=127&prev=/images?q=picture+of+blueberries&hl=en&usg=__MYcUpSGj3rLusfBNUVNpW3jslgc=&ei=g5a2SfavB4yeM9GPnNUK&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=3&ct=image&cd=1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://wever.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/blueberries_01.jpg&imgrefurl=http://wever.wordpress.com/2008/04/&h=433&w=442&sz=44&tbnid=Q3L29ZfPyy7oZM::&tbnh=124&tbnw=127&prev=/images?q=picture+of+blueberries&hl=en&usg=__MYcUpSGj3rLusfBNUVNpW3jslgc=&ei=g5a2SfavB4yeM9GPnNUK&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=3&ct=image&cd=1

Raspberries


Maturity of ScienceRaspberry Health Benefits Research

just getting started

CVD and Diabetes

Body weight

Metabolic health

Anti-CancerCell culture studies


What health benefits have been documented about Red Raspberries?

What have we learned so far about Red Raspberries?

Raspberries are an Excellent source of Fiber

Americans eat about ½ recommendation to support health

“Nutrient” of concernUS Dietary Guidelines

Raspberries 8.0 g / serving

12.5 g / 100 kcal high fiber cereals~ 6 g fiber/100 kcal

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=TiZFc0ZXmZDVkM&tbnid=39r5j7HvknEEyM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.oregon-berries.com/pick-a-berry/raspberry/&ei=nzJkU8uCIo3coAS7iICgCg&bvm=bv.65788261,d.cGU&psig=AFQjCNFTROozmlo74KIdF4M0va8dnHDZEQ&ust=1399161878814527http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=TiZFc0ZXmZDVkM&tbnid=39r5j7HvknEEyM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.oregon-berries.com/pick-a-berry/raspberry/&ei=nzJkU8uCIo3coAS7iICgCg&bvm=bv.65788261,d.cGU&psig=AFQjCNFTROozmlo74KIdF4M0va8dnHDZEQ&ust=1399161878814527

More on fiberCommon

Fruit

Dietary fiber

g / 100 g portion g / 100 kcal

Red Raspberry 6.5 12.5

Banana 2.6 2.9

Apple 2.4 4.6

Melon 0.9 2.6

Table Grapes 0.9 1.3

Berries (category) 4.2 8.9

OPPORTUNITIES IN:

Heart and Metabolic HealthGut health

Satiety and Appetite controlBody weight control

5x10

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

0.7

0.75

0.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

1.05

1.1

1.15

1.2

1.25

1.3

1.35

1.4

1.45

1.5

1.55

1.6

Counts vs. Acquisition Time (min)

2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5

Blood

HEALTH-RELATED ENDPOINT

Unique Fruit Chemistry

?Gonzalez-Barrio, Borges et al. 2010

http://www.trc-canada.com/Structures/P218515.pnghttp://www.trc-canada.com/Structures/P218515.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Cyanidin_3-O-glucoside.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Cyanidin_3-O-glucoside.svghttp://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Gguk5FCeS4Ck8M&tbnid=0z6ixwqU4heYeM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.gch.org/About-Us/News-Events/News/GCH-Offers-Community-Heart-Health-Events-in-March.aspx&ei=vAsEU9CBPM7eoASIlQE&bvm=bv.61535280,d.cGU&psig=AFQjCNHzVzBhAnXvlOj1mPTSGVKKXFJHeA&ust=1392860374389628http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=UZOOWCd8q1RS4M&tbnid=CRCvyCPtsj42CM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sanguiin_H-6.PNG&ei=Bz9kU575F8KBogSoyYKICA&psig=AFQjCNH85Lr7fyAMcPFKGf_yIY9XcY3PbQ&ust=1399165031781024http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=UZOOWCd8q1RS4M&tbnid=CRCvyCPtsj42CM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sanguiin_H-6.PNG&ei=Bz9kU575F8KBogSoyYKICA&psig=AFQjCNH85Lr7fyAMcPFKGf_yIY9XcY3PbQ&ust=1399165031781024https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=https://fountaindaleasd.wordpress.com/tag/frozen-foods/&ei=ODNpVN-5IIOcyQTAroLACw&bvm=bv.79142246,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNFwTN8TS2APo1qbYpHL07z2Kf3zsw&ust=1416266842413753https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=https://fountaindaleasd.wordpress.com/tag/frozen-foods/&ei=ODNpVN-5IIOcyQTAroLACw&bvm=bv.79142246,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNFwTN8TS2APo1qbYpHL07z2Kf3zsw&ust=1416266842413753http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=idpHzdtzcrBm1M&tbnid=C4bNf_kRxy35xM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.benbest.com/nutrceut/phytochemicals.html&ei=ST9kU4CoOML0oASxwoKAAQ&psig=AFQjCNE7qC2xbbEotEIVrGg2YeiX711aTg&ust=1399165116660299http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=idpHzdtzcrBm1M&tbnid=C4bNf_kRxy35xM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.benbest.com/nutrceut/phytochemicals.html&ei=ST9kU4CoOML0oASxwoKAAQ&psig=AFQjCNE7qC2xbbEotEIVrGg2YeiX711aTg&ust=1399165116660299

Unique Chemistry = Unique Metabolites in blood

at different times

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Hyperglycemia / Hyperlipidemia

↑ Insulin ResistantIRS-1

EndothelialDysfunction

EndothelialDysfunction

Insulin Resistance

Disease and Disease ComplicationsMetabolic Syndrome, Atherosclerosis, Diabetes, Hypertension, Stroke

insulin glucose ↓ NO↓ NO

↑ oxLDL

↑ glycated products

↑ oxLDL↑coaguability

↑coaguability

B-cell deterioration

Obesity, Western diet, Sedentary

↑ TG, FFA↑RL, sdLDL

OXIDATIVE STRESSand

INFLAMMATION

RED

RASPBERRIES


0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21

Time (min)

Rel.

fluor

esce

nce

raspberry

blueberry

strawberry

blackberry

Fe+2

bilberry

elderberry

cranberry

tart cherry cv.Balatonsweet cherry

Anti-oxidant effects of Berry extractsOn lipids (in vitro, test tube)

Seeram et al; Phytomedicine, 2001.

Protected

Oxidized

Chart1

0000000000

1111111111

3333333333

6666666666

9999999999

12121212121212121212

15151515151515151515

18181818181818181818

21212121212121212121

raspberry

blueberry

strawberry

blackberry

Fe+2

bilberry

elderberry

cranberry

tart cherry cv. Balaton

sweet cherry

Time (min)

Rel. fluorescence

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0.8636363636

0.875

0.95

1

0.9198717949

0.935483871

0.9347826087

0.5869565217

0.9076923077

0.9677419355

0.8333333333

0.7916666667

0.85

0.875

0.7980769231

0.7741935484

0.9347826087

0.5434782609

0.8769230769

0.9516129032

0.8181818182

0.7083333333

0.85

0.875

0.2019230769

0.7258064516

0.847826087

0.5

0.8461538462

0.9193548387

0.8181818182

0.7083333333

0.85

0.875

0.0512820513

0.6935483871

0.8043478261

0.4782608696

0.8461538462

0.8709677419

0.8181818182

0.7083333333

0.8

0.8125

0.0224358974

0.6774193548

0.8043478261

0.5217391304

0.8307692308

0.8548387097

0.8181818182

0.6666666667

0.85

0.875

0.0192307692

0.6774193548

0.7608695652

0.5217391304

0.8

0.8387096774

0.803030303

0.6666666667

0.85

0.8125

0.0128205128

0.6129032258

0.7391304348

0.5217391304

0.7692307692

0.8064516129

0.7878787879

0.625

0.85

0.8125

0.0128205128

0.5806451613

0.7391304348

0.5217391304

0.7384615385

0.7741935484

Sheet1

Antioxidant Assay for Anth powders

3/26/99

DMSO blankDMSO + Fe2+ blankBlueberry

RunRunaveragecorrectionRunRunaveragecorrectedRunRunaveragecorrected

Time12DMSO12Fe blankFe Blank12TBHQ (1.66 ppm)TBHQ (1.66 ppm)

0120122121115615615611212121

1119120119.50.9876033058135152143.50.9198717949101110.50.875

3116117116.50.9628099174120129124.50.79807692311099.50.7916666667

6115116115.50.9545454545352831.50.2019230769988.50.7083333333

91121141130.93388429759780.0512820513898.50.7083333333

12110113111.50.9214876033433.50.02243589747108.50.7083333333

15108111109.50.90495867773330.01923076927980.6666666667

18107108107.50.88842975212220.01282051287980.6666666667

21104105104.50.86363636362220.0128205128697.50.625

StrawberryBlackberryalpha-tocopherol

RunRunaveragecorrectedRunRunaveragecorrectedRunRunaveragecorrected

Time12BHT (2.2 ppm)BHT (2.2 ppm)12BHA (1.8 ppm)BHA (1.8 ppm)12Vit.-E (4.3 ppm)Vit.-E (4.3 ppm)

08121018881115116115.51

18119.50.9588811071051060.9177489177

37108.50.857770.875103991010.8744588745

67108.50.857770.8759690930.8051948052

97108.50.857770.875696667.50.5844155844

1261080.8676.50.81253030300.2597402597

157108.50.856870.875151414.50.1255411255

187108.50.85676.50.8125787.50.0649350649

217108.50.85676.50.8125565.50.0476190476


Time12cyanidinCyanidin (25 ppm)12anth2Anth 2 (125 ppm)12anth1Anth 1 (125 ppm)

0212121163636314343431

11717170.80952380954446450.71428571433133320.7441860465

31816170.8095238095434443.50.69047619052929290.6744186047

6181516.50.78571428574141410.65079365082626260.6046511628

91816170.8095238095403939.50.6269841272424240.5581395349

12181516.50.7857142857393838.50.61111111112323230.5348837209

15181516.50.78571428573937380.6031746032232222.50.523255814

18181516.50.78571428573937380.60317460322222220.511627907

21181516.50.78571428573937380.60317460322121210.488372093

bkd000


Time12CranberryCranberry12Balaton ChBalaton Ch.12RaspberryRaspberry

01816171353032.512145331

1141313.50.5869565217302929.50.9076923077174028.50.8636363636

3131212.50.5434782609292828.50.8769230769173827.50.8333333333

6121111.50.5282727.50.84615384621638270.8181818182

91111110.4782608696282727.50.84615384621737270.8181818182

121212120.52173913042826270.83076923081737270.8181818182

151212120.52173913042725260.81737270.8181818182

181212120.52173913042525250.7692307692173626.50.803030303

211212120.52173913042523240.73846153851735260.7878787879

bkd000


Time12bilberrySweet Ch.(100ppm)12elderberryelderberryTime12Sweet ch.(100ppm)Sweet Ch.(100ppm)

03032311232323103032311

12731290.935483871212221.50.934782608712931300.9677419355

32523240.7741935484212221.50.93478260873293029.50.9516129032

6232222.50.7258064516192019.50.8478260876273028.50.9193548387

9222121.50.6935483871181918.50.804347826192628270.8709677419

122220210.6774193548181918.50.804347826112262726.50.8548387097

152121210.6774193548171817.50.7608695652152527260.8387096774

181919190.61290322581717170.7391304348182426250.8064516129

211818180.58064516131717170.7391304348212325240.7741935484

00

RunRunaveragecorrected

Time12Sweet ch.(100ppm)Sweet Ch.(100ppm)

03032311

12931300.9677419355

3293029.50.9516129032

6273028.50.9193548387

92628270.8709677419

12262726.50.8548387097

152527260.8387096774

182426250.8064516129

212325240.7741935484

Sheet1

tart cherry cv. Balat.

sweet cherry

Fe Blank

tart cherry cv. Mont.

DMSO

Time (min)

Rel. fluorescence

Sheet2

DMSO

Fe Blank

TBHQ (1.66 ppm)

BHT (2.2 ppm)

BHA (1.8 ppm)

Vit.-E (4.3 ppm)

Time (minutes)

Fluorescence

AntiOxidant assay

Sheet3

DMSO

Fe +2

TBHQ (1.66 ppm)

BHT (2.2 ppm)

BHA (1.8 ppm)

Vit.-E (4.3 ppm)

Cyanidin

anthocyanin 1

anthocyanin 2

Time (min)

Rel. fluorescence

Fe Blank

Cyanidin (25 ppm)

Anth 2 (125 ppm)

Anth 1 (125 ppm)


Time (min)

Rel. fluorescence

raspberry

blueberry

strawberry

blackberry

Fe+2

bilberry

elderberry

cranberry


sweet cherry

Time (min)

Rel. fluorescence

SamplesAntioxidant activities (%)

TBHQ (1.66 ppm)90.57

BHT (2.2 ppm)93.61

BHA (1.8 ppm)99.65

Vit.-E (4.3 ppm)3.24

5 (100 ppm)4.18

6 & 7 (100 ppm)18.7

8 (100 ppm)10.76

9 (250 ppm)99.25

9 (125 ppm)66.89

9 (50 ppm)47.11

9 (25 ppm)19.95

9 (1 ppm)0.01

10 (250 ppm)69.07

10 (125 ppm)31.68

10 (50 ppm)13.12

10 (25 ppm)0

11 (100 ppm)4.28

Antioxidant activities (%)

Antioxidant Activities (%)

Antioxidant Activities (%)

IMPLICATIONSLDL (the “bad” cholesterol) is more harmful to your vessels

when oxidized; therefore protecting LDL from oxidation protects your vessels from damage

Anti-inflammatory effects of Red Raspberry

RRE = Red Raspberry ExtractJean-Gilles et al. 2012

Arthritis model

The blood pressure lowering effect of red raspberry fruit extract in hypertensive rats

Jia H et al. Pharmacogn Mag 2011 Jan;7(25):19-24.

A Role for Red Raspberries in Reducing Diabetes Risk and

Improving Metabolic Health?

Glycemic ControlInsulin Sensitivity

Red Raspberries and…

Goal: minimize glucose excursions and long residence time in blood

• Reduce glucose absorption

• Enhance uptake into cells - Improve insulin sensitivity

• Enhance insulin secretion from pancreas

Pre-clinical data suggest potential for red raspberries in glycemic control

Glycemic Control

Berries and High Fat diet in Mice:Effects on Insulin

Heyman et al 2014 13 week feeding

Metabolic variables

Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) 4.1 ± 0.1

b 4.3 ± 0.1b 5.1 ± 0.1a 3.9 ± 0.2b 0.03 0.0005

Evidence is developing describing a role for Red Raspberries in health & disease risk reduction

Key areasMetabolic health

Antioxidant / Redox balance Anti-inflammatory

Cardiovascular and Brain health

↓Endothelial Dysfunction↓Hypertension↓Thrombosis

↓Metabolic Syndrome

↓Diabetes

Insulin Sensitivity

Burton-Freeman et al Adv Nutr. Submitted (responding to reviewers)

The Health Value of Color

Adding Red Raspberries and Blueberries regularly provides:

-Fruit Variety*

-Fiber “addressing the fiber gap”

-Unique BioactivesAnthocyanins EllagitanninsChlorogenic acid

- # of Essential Nutrients

To eat more berries

Every Meal is an Opportunity!

Blueprint to Successful AgingEntrance

ExitFresh

Fruits an

d Veggies

Meats and Fish

Cookies

DairyIc

e Cr

eam

Chip

s

Canned VeggiesPa

sta

Frozen Fru

its and V

eggies

Soda

White Breads

You

X

Nu

ts

Baked Goods

Whole G

rain Breads

?

Slide courtesy of Jim Joseph


Eat Simply and Effectively ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Indika EdirisingheTissa KappagodaEunyoung ParkYancui Huang

Di XiaoAman SandhuAnne Kurilich

Katie BanaszewskiJack Cappozzo

Nursing and Medic Staff

Illinois Institute of TechnologyInstitute for Food Safety & Health

University of California Davis

[email protected]

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Small Fruits�The Health Benefits of ColorWhat are we going to �talk about?The Business ChallengeSlide Number 4Slide Number 5People are thinking a lot about the healthfulness of the food they buy: 9 out 10 peopleSlide Number 7Attracting Consumers to �BerriesConsumer Demands Meeting Consumer �Demands Slide Number 11Risk factors of CVD & Alzheimer’s Disease� Plant components with �Biological activityColor of Fruits and VegetablesSlide Number 15Dietary Sources of AnthocyaninsSlide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Studying Food …�and its componentsSlide Number 21Evidence…..Slide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Older Adults Consuming �Blueberry JuiceVerbal Word List Recall �Improves After Blueberry JuiceSlide Number 29Slide Number 30Traditional Risk Factors for Cardiovascular DiseaseSlide Number 32Blueberry and Blood Pressure�Reduced in Post-Menopausal women after �8 week interventionHow could Blueberry or other �Berries impact Blood Pressure?�Slide Number 35Slide Number 36Slide Number 37Maturity of Science�Raspberry Health Benefits Research just getting startedSlide Number 39Raspberries are an Excellent source of FiberMore on fiberSlide Number 42Slide Number 43Slide Number 44Slide Number 45IMPLICATIONS�LDL (the “bad” cholesterol) is more harmful to your vessels when oxidized; therefore protecting LDL from oxidation protects your vessels from damageAnti-inflammatory effects of Red Raspberry The blood pressure lowering effect of red raspberry fruit extract in hypertensive rats��A Role for Red Raspberries in Reducing Diabetes Risk and �Improving Metabolic Health?��Glycemic Control�Insulin Sensitivity� Slide Number 50Berries and High Fat diet in Mice:�Effects on InsulinSlide Number 52Slide Number 53The Health Value of ColorTo eat more berriesSlide Number 56Slide Number 57

small fruits the health benefits of color · 2015-12-18 · small fruits the health benefits of...

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