slow steaming jkokarakis
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Slow Steaming JKokarakisTRANSCRIPT
Slow SteamingSlow Steaming3rd Shipping Investment & Asset Management
Conference
John KokarakisTechnical Director for Hellenic & Black
Sea Region
23rd SIAM Conference – 7th June 2011
DEFINITIONS► SLOW STEAMING (SS) IS TRAVELING AT REDUCED SPEED
► SUPER SLOW STEAMING (SSS) IS TRAVELING AT AROUND 50% OF SERVICE SPEED OR BELOW
► OPTIMUM SPEED IS THE SPEED AT WHICH THE VOYAGE PROFIT IS MAXIMUM
$800 000
$900 000
$1 000 000
$1 100 000
$1 200 000
$1 300 000
$1 400 000
$1 500 000
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Speed (Knots)
Voya
ge In
com
e ($
) $100.00$200.00$300.00$400.00$500.00$600.00$700.00
33rd SIAM Conference – 7th June 2011
ENVIRONMENTAL TARGETS FOR SHIPPING
► Target: Reduction of CO2 by 80% by 2050.
► For every ton of fuel about 3 tons of CO2 are emitted.
► COMBINATION OF LOW SPEEDS AND GREEN TECHNOLOGIES
43rd SIAM Conference – 7th June 2011
Parabolic Relation of Consumption and Speed
It is much easier/efficient to reduce from 25 to 20 than from 15 to 10 knots
53rd SIAM Conference – 7th June 2011
Energy Efficiency and Management
Energy Efficiency Design Index
•EEDI proportional to :
• Power/Speed = V3 / V = V2
• Then : V2 < A
63rd SIAM Conference – 7th June 2011
But in life there are no free lunches
► SLOW STEAMING DOES NOT COME FOR FREE
73rd SIAM Conference – 7th June 2011
Resistance and Propulsion►Rudder redesign.
►Optimization of propellers for new service conditions
►Determination of added resistance in waves. Maneuverability in waves.
►Fouling effect on friction drag.
►Maneuverability at lower speeds
GREEN PROPULSION
93rd SIAM Conference – 7th June 2011
Structural Design►Utilization of lightweight materials and composite/sandwich
construction
►Inability to avoid rough weather
►Lightweight design but robust and safe
►Different topology
103rd SIAM Conference – 7th June 2011
Machinery & Equipment► Machinery operating outside design conditions. Potential adverse effects on fuel
efficiency, exhaust gas emissions formation, maintenance requirements.
► Emission monitoring for off-design conditions.
► Need for additional propulsive power in an emergency/port maneuvering
► Storage of LNG maybe feasible due to low fuel consumption
► Redundancy-Automation
► Engine modifications : fuel injection system, turbochargers, cutting off cylinders. ► Energy storage, allowing the vessel to “charge” on renewable energy while at
port.
113rd SIAM Conference – 7th June 2011
Safety► Produce new rules and regulations/STCW/SOLAS/MARPOL
► Wave loads-hull strength
► Maneuverability criteria, port congestion, directional stability, turning circle
► Risk assessment models and cost-benefit analysis (collision, occupational accidents, flooding, grounding)
123rd SIAM Conference – 7th June 2011
Crewing and Reliability►Increase in the voyage length. Crewing cost per cargo
transported will increase.
►Higher system reliability.
►Specialization/Training
►Motivation
►Economy of Scale
133rd SIAM Conference – 7th June 2011
Setting Requirements Environment► Perform Life Cycle Analysis “cradle to grave”.
► A reduction in CO2 should not be at the expense of rise of other pollutants.
143rd SIAM Conference – 7th June 2011
An Example or put your money where your mouth is.
LENGTH OF VOYAGE = 10000 NAUTICAL MILES
Load PowerSpeed
(kn) Fuel (t/d)Days @sea
Total Fuel
100% 70000 25 302 16.6 501375% 52500 22.7 214 18.3 391650% 35000 19.8 144 21 302425% 17500 15.7 75 26.5 1988
70000 KW @ SFC=180 gr/KW/hr
153rd SIAM Conference – 7th June 2011
Economics/Feasibility► Analyze logistics-economics-market requirements
► Effect of ultra low speed on supply chain
► Would such ships be profitable in today’s environment?
► Inventory- Cost of Cargo and time sensitive products
163rd SIAM Conference – 7th June 2011© - Copyright Bureau Veritas