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COMMUNITY BASED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT in Sukunan Village, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
ISWANTO Polytechnic of Health, Yogyakarta
Email: [email protected], Mobile: +6281578755703
NEW PARADIGM OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA
Waste Mana-
gement Act.
(No.18/2008)
Reduce –Reuse–
Recycle (3Rs)
Collect – Transport -
Dispose
Approaches:
End of pipe
Government service
Effects:
increasing waste +++
crisis of landfill space
more pollution
bad behavior
more cost, less benefit
Approches:
Reducing in sources
Community participation
Goal:
reducing waste
long life of landfill +++
less pollution
good behavior
less cost, more benefit
before after
MSW Management Mechanism (mostly)
all solid waste goes to landfill
Modern life style disposable things amount of waste
“Suka menyampah, tetapi tidak mau mengolah”
Waste tragedy in Bandung (Feb 21st, 2006) No space for landfill
Integrated waste management system by community (group/village) productively and environmental friendly
COMMUNITY BASED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (CBSWM)
PROBLEMS (pollutants)
POTENTIONS (resources)
WASTE
CO-BENEFIT (Economic, Ecological, Human Health, etc.)
ADVANTAGES for (community, government, private, etc.)
CASE STUDY OF CBSWM IN SUKUNAN VILLAGE
Welcome to Sukunan
“the eco-tourism village”
SUKUNAN Village : - a sub-urban village - 5 km from city center - surrounded by rice field - 296 families - 1117 people - 40% are farmers
Location of the Sukunan Village
Sukunan
Village
Sukunan
Village
Sukunan is surrounded by rice field
RIFDAFADLILLAH RONADEVA
My family has been living in Sukunan since 1997 First, we met waste problem, Sukunan has not gotten
the waste management service from local Government
ISWANTO ENDAH
History of the Sukunan Program
Rubbish was found anywhere.
In 2000, some farmers complained to the villagers who disposed their waste into the rivers and the irigation canals
It’s the first waste problem for community
Inorganic solid waste destroyed rice plants .
Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) disposed anywhere
More than 90% of Sukunan people burnt all their garbage everyday
Social conflicts were often arose
from Waste
Who dump the waste here…..!!
will die soon will go to the hell will be stupied will be poor
COWS WERE PLACED NEAR KITCHENS
SMELL AND MANY FLIES
SOME HOUSEHOLDS (± 40) HAD NO TOILET
SOME PEOPLE USED RIVER AND IRIGATION CANALS AS TOILETS WATER IN SOME WELLS WERE CONTAMINATED E.coli
EVERY YEAR..... SOME COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
EMERGED IN SUKUNAN
diarrhea
dengue fever
typhoid
some other intestine diseases
Bad behaviour and
wrong manage the waste
Dangerous for public health
and environment
needed environmental friendly waste management system
Looked for Solution
I was in confusion
Needed
an Agent
of Change
MOVE ON
visiON
actiON
passiON
colla-
boratiON
education rule
leadership
social EcONOMy Healthy & ecology
GOAL
Needed multiple
approaches
as a Javanese I HELD A LEADERSHIP BASED ON JAVANESE PHILOSHOPY
Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodho (lead in front) a leader must become as a model (good example) for community
Ing Madyo Mangun Karso (among the people) a leader must work together with community talk less, do more
Tut Wuri Handayani (lead from behind) a leader must support the community development
Seko sithik, seko awake dhewe, seko saiki (begin small, begin myself, begin now)
“think globally, act locally”
“HAMEMAYU HAYUNING BAWONO”
“the villagers join hands to save the earth”
Learnt from Scavengers
Learnt from Scavengers in the Final Disposal Site Almost all
garbage is recyclable
material after
separating by
scavengers
From the study... with my daughter, I wrote a poetry……………
BALADA SEONGGOK SAMPAH karya Iswanto - Ronadeva
AKU LAHIR KARENA KAMU, AKU ADA JUGA KARENA KAMU, I was born because of you, I was on the earth because of you,
SETIAP HARI ENGKAU HASILKAN AKU, SETIAP HARI PULA ENGKAU CAMPAKKAN AKU Everyday you make me, Everyday you also throw me.
BETAPA MALANG NASIBKU JADI SEONGGOK SAMPAH; SELALU DIJAUHI, DIHINA DAN DISIA-SIAKAN.
What a pity of me becoming a pile of rubbish, always avoided, humiliated and wasted,
BETAPA SEDIH DITAKDIRKAN JADI SETUMPUK SAMPAH; DIANGGAP BIANG BENCANA DAN MUSIBAH What a sorrow predestined as a pile of rubbish,deemed the cause of calamities
SALAH SENDIRI ENGKAU BUANG AKU KE KALI, HINGGA AKU KIRIMKAN BANJIR BERTUBI-TUBI, It’s your own fault throwing me to rivers, so I send flood and flood,
SALAH SENDIRI KAU BAKAR AKU SEMBARANGAN,HINGGA AKU TEBARKAN RACUN PENCEMARAN,
It’s your own fault burning me carelessly, so I spread poisons and fumes, SALAH SENDIRI ENGKAU BUANG AKU DI TEPI JALAN, HINGGA AKU MUNCULKAN KEKUMUHAN,
It’s your own fault throwing me to streets, so I give you a dirty and slum SALAH SENDIRI KAU BUANG AKU DISEMBARANG TEMPAT, HINGGA AKU SEBARKAN LALAT DAN BAU MENYENGAT
It’s your own fault throwing me anywhere,so I attract flies and smell bad. TIDAK MAMPUKAH WAHAI ENGKAU MANUSIA? MENGELOLA AKU DENGAN SEBAIK-BAIKNYA,
Can’t you do this, human being? Treat me very well TIDAK SADARKAN WAHAI ENGKAU MANUSIA? ADA MUTIARA DALAM SEONGGOK SAMPAH.
Don’t you aware this, human being? There is a diamond behind a pile of rubbish.
Emerged an idea to separate and recycle waste
Solid Waste
Sellable Waste Recyclable and Reusable Waste
(Recycled by Community)
Unsellable Unrecyclable &
Un-reusable Waste
Sold to Middleman, Thus to Industries
Recycling Products
Residual Waste
Separated
Landfill
Income for Community
Sold
Income for Community
Prevention & Reduce
I looked for an appropriate composting method
My wife created handicrafts from plastic waste
Implemented the idea into family (ing ngarso sung tulodho)
Proposing the idea to “night watch” group
I confused to realize the idea to community
I had no money to buy the recyling facilities
I wrote a proposal and proposed to the
local government.... but failed
I proposed again...and failed again.....
Finally... I got a donor (a family from
Melbourne, Australia)
After got the donor..... I proposed the idea to community, established a vision of the village, and built a strong commitment
Establishing Waste Management Team (LOCAL NGO for Managing Solid Waste in Sukunan Village)
Socialization the system to women by local people
Socialization to Youth by their leader
Socialization to Children by youth
Training how to make compost to children
Training how to recycle paper to children
Training how to separate the waste to children by playing game
(organized by youth)
Clean up the Sukunan Village with Children (monthly)
Educating how to separate the waste to each household (door to door)
(counducted by sukunan team)
Socialization by song
(created by sukunan people)
KELOLA SAMPAH (Reuse Lagu Menanam Jagung, Syair : Iswanto)
Ayo kawan kelola sampah
Dengan tiga R dan pilah-pilah
Kurangi sampah, manfaatkan sampah,
Ayo semua recycle sampah kita,
Pisah, pisah, pisahlah sampah
Jalan terbaik kelola sampah
Olah, olah, olahlah sampah
Jalan terbaik kelola sampah
Socialization by poetry
Socialization by mural (made by youth)
My wife & her friends trained to make
plastic waste handicrafts
Bins preparation by the Community (youth, women and men)
Seeking old drums, welding, and painting the bins Mural competition (collaboration with othe NGO) Emerging sense of belonging to the program
Placing three bins per collecting point (on 22 sites) by youth
Bins were ready. One set (3 bins) for 10 – 15 families
Sukunan community made the waste management rules and campaigned 3R for reducing “the residual waste”
Implementation of the Solid Waste Management System
in Sukunan Community
Tom 09/05
Separate rubbish in each house 1) PLASTIC, 2) PAPER, 3) BOTTLE, CANS, GLASS, METAL
from houses to bins
PICKING BY SACK
from bins to the garbage deepo by a collector (weekly)
GARBAGE DEEPO
PAPER
BOTTLE, CANS METAL,GLASS
PLASTIC
Bimonthly the recyclable waste is sold to the buyer (middleman) ± 85% of all inorganic waste can be sold
the money from selling rubish goes to waste collector and community (Sukunan villagers do not need to pay for waste management)
the Waste Bank Model
From Houses to The Waste Bank
Saving the Waste in the Community Bank
Weigh (accounting) each type of the waste
Recording and Reporting by the waste bank staffs
from the waste bank to the customers (community)
But ............... Some Solid Wastes couldn’t be sold
disposable sanitary napkin
snack/coffee pacs (plastic + aluminium foil)
car/motor bike tyre
ex cloth
styrofoam
organic waste
etc.
Solution : 3R REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE
Reducing Rubbish Campaign
Bring shoping bag
from home
Say no
to styrofoam box!
Don’t use
disposable diapers
daily
Use reusable sanitary napkins !
Sukunan Women Created Reusable Sanitary Napkins to reduce the solid waste
The “SUKUNO” : Su = good; Kuno = ancient Back to ancient habit using cloth for women napkins
cleaning and setting process
The Sukunan women made plastic waste handicrafts
Sewing process in each maker house
The products
School Bags
Chair
Motor Bike
Pillows
NOODLE PACKS FOR COVER TABLE
EX.PLASTIC BAGs
FOR
COVER BOOKS &
REUSABLE BAGS (IRON
METHOD)
EX. PLASTIC BAGS FOR
FLOWERS
(iron method)
SELL THE RECYCLING HANDICFRAFTS
(70% :Maker, 25% : Material, 2.5% : Village, 2.5% : Saving)
Sukunan children and women made handicrafts and recycled paper waste
Sukunan women made handicraft from cloth scrap
Chairs from ex. Tires
Many houses were ruined…………… Needed materials to rebuild house
When Earthquake devastated Yogyakarta, included SUKUNAN (May 27th , 2006)
Emerged idea to use the styrofoam waste as rebuilding material
Grinding the styrofoam into granule
Mixing with other materials
by composition (1 PC : 3 sands : 3 styrofoam) + water
For making styrofoam bricks
Some houses were built from styrofoam
For making styrofoam pots
BROKEN GLASS FOR MAKING BRICKS (1 PC : 3 SANDS : 2 GRANULE GLASS )
USING BOTTLE GLASS FOR HANDICRAFTS
Sukunan people created handicraft from eggshell
Clay pots for composting bin
Implementation of compost making in each household
Sukunan’s composting bin models
ORGANIC WASTE
10 cm
Biopori
80-100 cm
USING BIO-POROUS FOR COMPOSTING
MAKING BIOPORI
BIOPORI
DOUBLE FUNCTIONS COMPOSTING RAIN HARVESTING
DRY LEAVES
FRESH LEAVES
COWS MANURE
MIXING 1 : 1 : 1 & WATERING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING ON
THE GROUND
COMPOSTING IN
THE SACS
COMPOST MAKING FROM LEAVES AND COWS MANURE
WORK TOGETHER (gotong royong) FOR HARVESTING COMPOST
PACKAGING AND SELLING COMPOST
USING THE COMPOST/FERTILIZER
Making and selling the composting facilities
MAKING CACOAL (BRIKET ARANG) FROM HARD ORGANIC WATSE BY PIROLYSIS METHOD
ARANG RANTING ARANG DAUN
PROCCESSING
COAL CACOAL POWDER LIQUID GLUE
PRODUCTS
DRY AND USE IT FOR COOKING
LOCALIZED COWS IN THE COMMUNAL STABLE
TREATING THE CATTLE MANURE INTO METHANE
DISAIN DIGESTER BIOGAS MODEL DOME
METHANE
SLURRY
CATTLE MANURE + WATER = (1:1)
150 – 200 L/DAY
INLET
DIGESTER OUTLET
GAS PIPE
METHANE FOR COOKING, LAMP & FERTILIZER
FOR COOKING
FOR LAMP
EFFLUENT (SLUDGE) FOR FERTILIZER
Socialization to other communities
Many stakeholders spread the Sukunan
model by some movies to over all areas
of Indonesia
from Sukunan to Yogyakarta and Indonesia more than 197 villages in Yogyakarta Province has replicated
the Sukunan Model
Established : Yogyakarta Community Based Solid Waste Management Association
“MERTI BUMI LESTARI” In 2009
Anniversary of the Indonesia “Waste Care Day”
(every February, 21st) in Yogyakarta Province
91.13
82.75
65.17
27
67
93
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2008 2009 2010
tho
usa
nd
to
n/y
ear
Year
Residual Solid
Waste Volume
(thousand
ton/year)
Amount of
CBSWM Group
Amount of CBSWM Group vs. Residual Waste
Sukunan got trophies, awards & rewards from Environment Ministry RI & Women Empowerment Ministry RI, 2004 Sukunan became one of best practices of CBSWM in Indonesia, 2006
Invited by President of Republic of Indonesia (2004)
DEVELOPING
OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL
PROGRAMS
1. Waste water treatment
2. Appropriate environment technologies
innovation
3. Saving energy
4. Water conservation
5. Re-greening
6. Etc.
TOILET PROBLEM SOLVING MAKING THE COMMUNAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES IN 5 SITES
TREAT THE GREY & BLACK WATER FROM 150 HOUSEHOLDS
Sedimentation Anaerobic Filter Settling
RBC
30 HOUSEHOLDS
GREY AND BLACK WATER
inlet
outlet
Sedimentasi Anaerobic Filter Settling
RBC
Communal Waste Water Treatment Design
(Anaerobic Filter & Rotating Biological Contactor)
WASTE WATER FROM 30 HOUSES
TOILETS, KITCHEN, LAUNDRY,
WASHING/BATHROOM, Etc (Black & Grey Water)
INLET OUTLET
Sedimentasi Anaerobic Filter Contact Aeration Settling
Blower
Other design (Anaerobic Filter & Contact Aeration)
30 Households
Black & Grey Water
INLET
OUTLET
Treating the urine of human to liquid fertilizer
kotoran sapi
PUPUK
CAIR
urinoir
Stabilisasi
dan
aktivasi
mikroba
Fermentasi
(masa
tinggal > 5
hari)
Aerasi
(masa tinggal
> 1 hari)
ventilasi
HIDROPONIK
pompa
URINOIC (LIQUID FERTILIZER) FOR
VEGETABLES (HYDROPONIC SYSTEM)
ORGANIC VEGETABLE
RAIN HARVESTING
STORAGE + CHLORINE
PLANTS
SAVING WATER IN THE
GROUND
RAIN WATER
+ SCREEN
OVER FLOW
FISH POND
FOR WASHING
WATER CONSUMPTION EFFICIENCY :
Using simple shower Made from PVC Pipe Community could make it themselves
ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY
MY DAUGHTER AND I CREATED WATER HEATER ON STOVE double function for cooking & water heater
Sun Light Harvesting for Energi Saving in Each House
Using vegetable & fruit traditional storage (clay pots) “natural refrigerator”
fresh longer (2-3 days) (producted by Tracy)
Making and placing Chlorine Diffuser in the water storage water become safe from E.coli contaminated community could make it themselves
Making and placing ovitraps to eliminate dengue fever
cases reducing Aedes aegypti
population
Water conversations by re-greening program
Water conservation to prevent water crisis
in dry season
Planting some type of fruits
Planting “Red Ginger” (herbal)
Herbal Gardens
Effects of the Program Many people from overall of Indonesia & some countries in
the World visited Sukunan: Emerged a new vision of the village in 2008:
“SUKUNAN GOES TO THE ECO-TOURISM VILLAGE”
500 – 600 people/month visit to Sukunan
Traditional dance “kuda lumping”
Visitors learning gamelan
Traditional culture to save the earth
Visitors buying any recycle products
Training to recycle any waste
Training by local people
Field study from many schools and universities
Farming tourism
Visiting Environment Ministry of Indonesia
(Sukunan as Pioneer of Cilmate Change Village in Indonesia in 2012)
RESULTS OF THE SUKUNAN’S COMMUNITY BASED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (CBSWM) PROGRAM
• Community awareness for managing the waste and re-greening is improved;
Rubbish Burning Habit is Reduced
Waste Separation and Recycling Habit are
Established
Many plants are planted
• Waste volume could be recycled and reduced
• Environmental quality and public health are improved
• Economic benefits for community (income generating)
• Sukunan CBSWM is become a model in Indonesia