simulation models for single phase compressor motors · simulation models for compressor load...
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Simulation Models for Single Phase Compressor Motors
Bernie Lesieutre (UW-Madison, LBNL)
NERC FIDVR and Dynamic Load Modeling Workshop, September 30, 2015. Support from CERTS and PSERC
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Simulation Models for Compressor Load Models
Option 1: Detailed motor models, and single-phase network models. Useful for research, hopefully not needed for grid-scale simulations.Option 2: Adapt models for grid simulations
- static performance model, current modelsimplistic, somewhat pessimistic.
- dynamic phasor model, complicated, doesn’tcapture subcycle influences (yet).
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Single-Phase Motor Models for Grid
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
time
aux.
winding
current
“Dynamic Phasor” Model
“Performance” Model
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Important Questions about Grid Simulations
• To what extent do single-phase, point-on-wave effects matter? Examine with single-phase motor simulations and tests.
• To what extent can impacts be aggregated?Do all motors stall during a FIDVR event?
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Single Phase Compressor Simulation Model
Tmech
Tave
0 0.25 0.5 0.751.0
mechanical revolution
Reciprocating Compressor Mechanical Load
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Point-on-Wave EffectsSimulations of Single-Phase Compressor Motor
Applied voltage. The disturbance occurs at different points along the sinusoid: peak, zero crossing, in between.
Instantaneous drop to 62% nominal for 3 cycles.
Speed for the different applied voltages. Worst case: zero crossing disturbance.
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Point-on-Wave EffectsStall Voltage vs fault duration, and point-on-wave variation.
Instantaneous voltage drop
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Point-on-Wave Effects
• Ramp Voltage Instead:
Point-on-wave effect is greatly reduced for even a very short ramp.
Performance Model Characteristic for reference
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Point-on-Wave Effects
• These results suggest a reason why FIDVR events don’t cascade beyond an event feeder.
• Locally, A/C motors stall in response to event.
Point-on-wave effect is greatly reduced for even a very short ramp.
Performance Model Characteristic for reference
Further away, the filtered voltage may exceed threshold.
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Laboratory Tests• Air Conditioner Tests at BPA Facility• Test Point-on-Wave Response, with and
without ramp.• Scroll Compressor
Voltage dip to 48, 45, 40, 35 and 30% nominalRecovery voltage at 90% nominal.
Find fault duration to result in a change in operating characteristic (not stall)
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Fault Regions, Instantaneous Voltage Dip
Zero Crossing
45°
Peak
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Fault Region: 1 Cycle Ramp in Voltage Dip
Peak
Zero Crossing45°
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Do All Motors Stall?
Grid VoltageV
25 Buses, 13 loads, tree distribution network, single connection to the grid.
Loads denoted by arrows.
Is it possible for a fraction of motors to stall in this network without stalling them all?
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Do All Motors Stall?
Grid VoltageV
Loads denoted by arrows.
100% Compressor Load: They all stall.50% Compressor, 50% Impedance, some may stall.(up to 5 maximum in this example)
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Conclusions
A dynamic phasor models may be suitable for grid-scale simulations because- point-on-wave effects may be naturally
mitigated by smoothing in disturbance away from the event location.
- allow aggregation of stall effects.
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Dynamic Phasor Model16