short passage

7/29/2019 Short Passage

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Original short passage

Once upon a time there were four friends. There was a donkey, a dog, a cat and a

rooster. The donkey was big and strong. The dog was friendly and brave. The cat was

clever and playful. The rooster was loud and playful. They wanted to become musician.

They left their homes. They walked for a long time

| wns pn tam w f frendz | wz dki | d | kt nd rust |

dki wz bnd str | d wz frendli nd brev | kt wz klevrnd plefl |

rust wz lad nd plefl | ewntd t bkm mjuzn | e left e hmz | e

wkt frl tam |

Subject recorded data transcription

Once upon a time there were four friends. There was a donkey, a dog, a cat and a

rooster. The donkey was big and strong. The dog was friendly and brave. The cat was

clever and playful. The rooster was loud and playful. They wanted to become

musiksian. They left their homes. They walked for a long time

| wns pn tam w f frendz | wz dki | d | kt nd rust |

dki wz bnd str | d wz frendli nd brev | kt wz klevrnd plefl |

rust wz lad nd plefl | ewntd t bkm mu:zi:kn | e left e hmz |

ewkt frl tam |

Analysis of data

The subject stutters a lot and has difficulty in pronouncing some words such as the word

musician


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Findings

The suprasegmental features (also known as prosodic features) are the aspects of

speech that involve more than single consonants or vowels. The main components of

suprasegmental features consist of: stress, pitch, intonation, tone, and tempo. Stress is

the rhythm of a language. In pronunciation, stress can refers to words, part of words, or

even one word in a group of words that receives the most emphasis Stress is one of the

suprasegmental features of utterances. It applies not to individual vowels and

consonants but to whole syllables. In the level of word, a stressed syllable is

pronounced with a greater amount of energy than an unstressed syllable. The subject

has problem in his stress. This problem must be overcome because it shows the

expression of emotion of the subject. Pitch refers to the normal melodic height of an

individuals speech. It is like a degree of highness or lowness of ones speech. The

subject does not make use of pitch as a part of our signaling system. Although we

employ many degrees of pitch in speaking, we use only four levels of relative pitch as

phonemes. They are: 4 >> extra-high 3 >> high 2 >> normal 1 >> low This is to say, the

normal pitch of speaking voice, whatever its actual height, is called level 2; and from

this, we make various upward and downward. These variations of pitch we make in

speaking will affect the intonation of our speech. Intonation shows how the music of a

language rises and falls over a speech. In other words, it can be also described as a

fluctuation of ones voice, which is characterized as a downward or upward movement

of a voice or sound in an utterance as a result of the pitch variations. Thus, the

intonation of a sentence is the pattern of pitch changes that occurs. Pitch variations that

affect the meaning of a word are called tone. The meaning of the word depends on its

tone. Tone is shown or heard in how something is being said. It is more like an attitude

rather than being a voice pattern. Emotion has also a great deal of influence to ones

tone. By using different tones, the words in a sentence can have different meanings.Tempo of speech is the relative speed or slowness of utterance which is measured by

the rate of syllable succession/movement, the number, and duration of pauses in a

sentence. In English, speakers try to make the amount of time to say something the

same between the stressed syllables. If there are three or four unstressed syllable

between the stressed syllables, for example, the unstressed syllables will be spoken


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faster, so that the speaker can keep the rhythm. For this reason, English is a said as a

stressed time language.

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