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Elizabethan Alchemy
By: Shannon Padfield
What is Alchemy?
• Alchemy is a form of chemistry and speculative philosophy practiced in the Middle Ages.
• It refers both to an early philosophical and spiritual discipline.
• This form of chemistry was mostly the main precursors of modern sciences.
Mahy., Margaret. Alchemy. New York: Margaret K. McElderry Books, 2003.
Hudson, John. The History of Chemistry. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1992.
•Morgan, Bruce T. Distilling Knowledge: alchemy, chemistry, and the scientific revolution. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2005.
Viewing Alchemy• Alchemy developed an
amazing language of emblematic symbolism.
• About four thousand printed books were issued from the 16th century to the
late 18th centuries.
• Its influence can often be seen in the work writer, poets,
and artists if the time
http://www.alchemywebsite.com/introduction.html
Alchemical Symbols
• Alchemical symbols were first used by the Greeks, Syriac, and Egyptian writers around the 5th and 6th centuries.
• They were used to signify most elements and compounds during the 18th century.
• The symbols were mostly common through the 17th century, but some are still used today.
Autumn
Winter
Spring
Summer
http://www.purplehell.com/riddletools/alchemy.htm
Famous Alchemists• Geber was an Arabian
alchemist who was well known by the Europeans
and popularized the idea of the Philosopher’s Stone.
• Paracelsus was a Swiss alchemist who invented the word
alcohol and his own branch of alchemy called Spagyric alchemy.
• Isaac Newton was one of the last known alchemist and was said to turn
lead into gold.
http://www.alchemywebsite.com/introduction.htmlhttp://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2002/crabb/famous.html
Spiritual Aspects• The main mistake someone makes when approaching spiritual alchemy is when they
come to it with preconceived theories.
• The second approach runs the risk of subjecting the materials being
examined to the unexpressed criteria.
• Instead, one should try to become intimately familiar with the with the pre-
modernist worldview.
http://www.angelfire.com/ga2/splitskull2/index.html
The Art of Alchemy• This divine art and science can be
practiced only by those who are in the possession of the divine
power.
• The external manipulations required for the production, should
be taught to anybody capable of reasoning.
• If such a person would accomplish they would be without life, not
knowing what the true reason of life is.
http://www.angelfire.com/ga2/splitskull2/index.html
Alchemy Back Then• It was perceived for
transforming a common substance into
something valuable.
• Medieval alchemists were referred to as quacks for believing that they could turn
lead into gold.
• The overall goal of alchemy was to make sense of the nature of
matter.
http://www.alchemywebsite.com/introduction.html
Alchemy Now• Nowadays, people hope they
could try to make healing remedies though they are few
with the ability to do so.
• Most people who take an interest in alchemy use it as a source of philosophical
and esoteric ideas.
• Another group of people see alchemy as a part of depth psychology.
http://www.alchemywebsite.com/introduction.html
Elizabethan Science and Elizabethan Science and ExplorationExploration
By: Cesar MedinaBy: Cesar Medina
Elizabethan Science• The Middle Ages were not ignorant of
science, but its study naturally received a great boost of mathematics, physics, astronomy, and medicine.
• The invention of printing also fostered the scientific revival.
• The pioneers of Renaissance science were mostly Italians, French, English, German, and
other countries took up the work too.
http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-science-technology.htmhttp://images.google.com/images?sourceid=navclient&rlz=1T4ADRA_enUS334US356&q=elizabethan%20science&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&hl=en&tab=wi
Famous ScientistsFamous ScientistsCopernicus (1473-1543)-was a Pole Copernicus (1473-1543)-was a Pole
who was the founder of modern who was the founder of modern astronomy.astronomy.
• Galileo(1564-1642)-was an Italian scientist who made one of
the first telescopes.
• Kepler(1571-1630)-was a German scientist who worked out the mathematical laws which govern the movements of the
planets.
Gribbin., John R. The Scientists : A History of Science Told Through the Lives of Its Greatest Inventors . New York: Random House, 2003.
http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&rlz=1T4ADRA_enUS334US356&um=1&sa=1&q=galileo%2C+copernicus%2C+kepler&aq=f&oq=&aqi=&start=0
Inventions 1450: Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press with
movable type in Germany. 1510: Leonardo da Vinci designs the horizontal water wheel. 1510: Peter Henlein invented the pocket watch. 1565: Conrad Gesner invented the pencil. 1583: Leonard and Thomas Digges invented the telescope. 1589: William Lee invented the knitting machine. 1590: Dutchmen, Hans, & Zacharias Janssen invent the compound
microscope. 1593: Galileo invents a water thermometer.
http://www.erasofelegance.com/history/elizabethanscience.html
Gribbin., John R. The Scientists : A History of Science Told Through the Lives of Its Greatest Inventors . New York: Random House, 2003.
http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&rlz=1T4ADRA_enUS334US356&um=1&sa=1&q=first+pocket+watch%2C+compound+microscope%2C+and+water+wheel&aq=f&oq=&aqi=&start=0
Elizabethan ExplorationElizabethan Exploration
Exploration was a means Exploration was a means of pushing the boundaries of pushing the boundaries
of known lands.of known lands.
• Away from home, the explorers found new civilizations, wide oceans,
and exotic goods.
• Growing curiosity, desire to enhance
military, and demand for goods linked exploration
and trade.
Horwitz, Tony. A Voyage Long and Strange: Rediscovering the New World. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2008.
http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-age-of-exploration.htm
http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&rlz=1T4ADRA_enUS334US356&um=1&sa=1&q=english+exploration&aq=f&oq=&aqi=&start=0
Famous Explorers Sir Francis Drake(1542-1596)-was
famous for his voyage around the world between 1577-1580.
• Sir Humphrey Gilbert(1539-1583)-was famous for the discovery of
Newfoundland.
• John Davis(1550-1605)-was famous for his voyages to the Canadian Arctic
and Asia.
http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-age-of-exploration.htm
Horwitz, Tony. A Voyage Long and Strange: Rediscovering the New World. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2008.
http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&rlz=1T4ADRA_enUS334US356&um=1&sa=1&q=sir+francis+drake%2C+humphrey+gilbert%2C+john+davis&aq=f&oq=&aqi=&start=0
ExpeditionsExpeditions
In 1577, Sir Francis Drake set off for the Americas. His real goal was to In 1577, Sir Francis Drake set off for the Americas. His real goal was to sail around the world. He managed to navigate the globe in his ship, sail around the world. He managed to navigate the globe in his ship,
the Golden Hind, returning to England in 1580. the Golden Hind, returning to England in 1580.
• On April 27, 1584, Captain Philip Amadas and Captain Arthur Barlowe set sail and commanded the two barks that
made the first English Voyage to Roanoke Island. On their way back to England, they brought with them two Indians Wanchese
and Manteo.
• In April of 1534, Jacques Cartier lead his first voyage to North America from Saint Malo. When he reached
Newfoundland, Cartier sailed inland, going 1,000 miles up the St. Lawrence River. Named Canada “Kanata.” This voyage
lasted 137 days.
http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-age-of-exploration.htm
Horwitz, Tony. A Voyage Long and Strange: Rediscovering the New World. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2008.
Motives for ExplorationMotives for Exploration
• Scientific curiosity, led men to set forth on voyages of discovery.Scientific curiosity, led men to set forth on voyages of discovery.
• The crusading spirit thrilled at the thought of spreading Christianity among barbarous people.
• In all epochs of exploration, adventurers sought in different lands opportunities to acquire mostly power, fame, and wealth.
http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-age-of-exploration.htm
How it affected the future
There were countless scientists of the Elizabethan Era and they all contributed to our modern-day life and knowledge.
• The amazing inventions and discoveries that all the genius inventors and scientists of that time made have helped and continue helping us
because of the quality and great range of help the invention or discovery provides for us.
• The great explorers of the Age of Exploration have been very brave and valiant for all their journeys and voyages that helped us discover more
about the continents of the world.
http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-age-of-exploration.htm
Work CitedWork Cited Mahy., Margaret. Mahy., Margaret. AlchemyAlchemy. New York: Margaret K. McElderry Books, 2003.. New York: Margaret K. McElderry Books, 2003. Hudson, John. Hudson, John. The History of ChemistryThe History of Chemistry. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1992.. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1992. Morgan, Bruce T. Morgan, Bruce T. Distilling Knowledge: alchemy, chemistry, and the scientific Distilling Knowledge: alchemy, chemistry, and the scientific
revolutionrevolution. Cambridge, Mass: . Cambridge, Mass: Harvard UniversityHarvard University Press, 2005. Press, 2005. http://www.alchemywebsite.com/introduction.htmlhttp://www.alchemywebsite.com/introduction.html http://www.purplehell.com/riddletools/alchemy.htmhttp://www.purplehell.com/riddletools/alchemy.htm http://www.angelfire.com/ga2/splitskull2/index.htmlhttp://www.angelfire.com/ga2/splitskull2/index.html
Horwitz, Tony. Horwitz, Tony. A Voyage Long and Strange: Rediscovering the New WorldA Voyage Long and Strange: Rediscovering the New World. New . New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2008.York: Henry Holt and Co., 2008.
Boerst, William J. Boerst, William J. Galileo Galilei and the Science of MotionGalileo Galilei and the Science of Motion. Greensboro, N.C.: . Greensboro, N.C.: Morgan Reynolds Pub., 2004. Morgan Reynolds Pub., 2004.
Gribbin., John R. Gribbin., John R. The Scientists : A History of Science Told Through the Lives The Scientists : A History of Science Told Through the Lives of Its Greatest Inventors of Its Greatest Inventors . New York: Random House, 2003. . New York: Random House, 2003.
http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-science-technology.htmhttp://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-science-technology.htm http://www.erasofelegance.com/history/elizabethanscience.htmlhttp://www.erasofelegance.com/history/elizabethanscience.html http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-age-of-exploration.htmhttp://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-age-of-exploration.htm