session 8 coordination. session objectives define the principle of coordination define the principle...

Session 8Session 8

CoordinationCoordination

Session ObjectivesSession Objectives

Define the Principle of CoordinationDefine the Principle of Coordination Identify characteristics of successful Identify characteristics of successful

coordinationcoordinationDescribe strategic in emergency Describe strategic in emergency

management programsmanagement programsDescribe tactical use using action planningDescribe tactical use using action planningDescribe tactical using incident Describe tactical using incident

management and mutual aid systemsmanagement and mutual aid systems

Defining CoordinationDefining Coordination

NFPA 1600 refers to a “Program NFPA 1600 refers to a “Program Coordinator”Coordinator”

Emergency managers are sometimes Emergency managers are sometimes called “Emergency Management called “Emergency Management Coordinators”Coordinators”

Emergency Managers define Emergency Managers define “coordination” as part of their duties“coordination” as part of their duties


But what does “coordination” really mean?But what does “coordination” really mean?How would you define it?How would you define it?Can you give specific examples of how it is Can you give specific examples of how it is

used?used? Is there a methodology for coordination?Is there a methodology for coordination?


Random House dictionary: Random House dictionary: ““harmonious combination interaction”.harmonious combination interaction”.

The Principles of Emergency Management The Principles of Emergency Management ““emergency managers synchronize the emergency managers synchronize the

activities of all relevant stakeholders to activities of all relevant stakeholders to achieve a common purpose”. achieve a common purpose”.


Collaboration Collaboration fosters relationshipsfosters relationshipscreates the context essential for successful creates the context essential for successful

integration and coordination.integration and coordination.

IntegrationIntegrationensures that the plans and activities of various ensures that the plans and activities of various

actors are mutually supporting.actors are mutually supporting.


Coordination takes the relationships developed Coordination takes the relationships developed by collaboration and the mutually supporting by collaboration and the mutually supporting systems of successful integration and focuses systems of successful integration and focuses them to achieve specific goals. them to achieve specific goals.

Coordination translates context into action.Coordination translates context into action.


Is Coordination a process or methodology Is Coordination a process or methodology rather than a true principle?rather than a true principle?


Collaboration and integration can exist Collaboration and integration can exist without coordinationwithout coordinationSuccessful relationships can be built Successful relationships can be built

individuallyindividually Integration can be forced through standards Integration can be forced through standards

and legislationand legislation


Coordination can only take place within Coordination can only take place within the context of collaborative relationships the context of collaborative relationships

Coordinating fosters successful Coordinating fosters successful integration. integration.

Failure to coordinate means failure of the Failure to coordinate means failure of the emergency management program emergency management program

Integration, collaboration, and coordination Integration, collaboration, and coordination are inextricably linked.are inextricably linked.


Coordination requires a strategic planning Coordination requires a strategic planning process intended to align the independent process intended to align the independent activities of stakeholders to achieve a activities of stakeholders to achieve a shared vision. shared vision.

Strategic planning is also a requirement Strategic planning is also a requirement under NFPA 1600 and the EMAP under NFPA 1600 and the EMAP Standard.Standard.


What are the advantages of a strategic What are the advantages of a strategic planning process?planning process?


Advantages of strategic planningAdvantages of strategic planningForward thinkingForward thinkingCapacity Building through Organizational Capacity Building through Organizational

Learning and AdaptationLearning and AdaptationGoal Identification and Achievement through Goal Identification and Achievement through

Leadership and CommitmentLeadership and CommitmentProfessionalism and More FundingProfessionalism and More Funding Increased Public Support and AccountabilityIncreased Public Support and Accountability

Characteristics of Successful Characteristics of Successful CoordinationCoordination

Effectiveness is determined by achieved Effectiveness is determined by achieved resultsresults

EMs who used the largest number of EMs who used the largest number of coordination strategies guided the most coordination strategies guided the most effective responseseffective responses

Failing to coordinate = greater need to Failing to coordinate = greater need to improvise at the time of a disaster improvise at the time of a disaster


Effective coordination requires a Effective coordination requires a systematic approach (Management by systematic approach (Management by Objectives)Objectives)Process of aligning goals and objectives Process of aligning goals and objectives

within an organization. within an organization. Seek agreement among stakeholders on end Seek agreement among stakeholders on end

results results Ensure results are achieved by monitoring the Ensure results are achieved by monitoring the

progress of performance objectives.progress of performance objectives.


NMA ModelNMA ModelPlanning –identify vision, mission and goalsPlanning –identify vision, mission and goalsOrganizing –identify performance and assign Organizing –identify performance and assign

to action agentsto action agentsDirecting –monitor milestones, eliminate Directing –monitor milestones, eliminate

obstacles, and provide assistanceobstacles, and provide assistanceControlling –measure performance against Controlling –measure performance against

metricsmetrics


Systematic approach allows both Systematic approach allows both continuity and accountability in the continuity and accountability in the emergency management program.emergency management program.

Performance objectives create Performance objectives create accountability and a method for measuring accountability and a method for measuring progressprogress

Successful coordination is characterized Successful coordination is characterized by a systematic approach that builds on by a systematic approach that builds on established relationships and systems.established relationships and systems.

Coordination in the EM ProgramCoordination in the EM Program

Develop a Vision for the ProgramDevelop a Vision for the ProgramAcceptable to all stakeholdersAcceptable to all stakeholdersPerceived as adding value to the communityPerceived as adding value to the community


Vision StatementVision StatementEmergency management seeks to promote Emergency management seeks to promote

safer, less vulnerable communities with the safer, less vulnerable communities with the capacity to cope with hazards and disasters. capacity to cope with hazards and disasters.

What is your opinion of this proposed vision What is your opinion of this proposed vision statement?statement?

How would you modify it to make it specific to a How would you modify it to make it specific to a particular jurisdiction?particular jurisdiction?


Develop a Mission StatementDevelop a Mission Statement Is the mission statement for the EM agency or Is the mission statement for the EM agency or

the EM program? What is the distinction?the EM program? What is the distinction? Is it closely tied to the vision statement? Is it closely tied to the vision statement?

Accomplishing the mission should achieve the Accomplishing the mission should achieve the vision.vision.


Mission StatementMission StatementEmergency Management protects communities Emergency Management protects communities

by coordinating and integrating all activities by coordinating and integrating all activities necessary to build, sustain, and improve the necessary to build, sustain, and improve the capability to mitigate against, prepare for, capability to mitigate against, prepare for, respond to, and recover from threatened or respond to, and recover from threatened or actual natural disasters, acts of terrorism, or actual natural disasters, acts of terrorism, or other man-made disasters.other man-made disasters.


What is your opinion of this mission What is your opinion of this mission statement?statement?

How would you modify it to make it How would you modify it to make it specific to a particular jurisdiction?specific to a particular jurisdiction?


Develop an overall strategyDevelop an overall strategyDriven by riskDriven by riskUses a mix of mitigation, response and Uses a mix of mitigation, response and

recovery strategies to address riskrecovery strategies to address riskDetermines resource requirements = Determines resource requirements =

preparedness strategy composed of braod preparedness strategy composed of braod goalsgoals


Develop Performance ObjectivesDevelop Performance ObjectivesMust be specific and measurable (metrics)Must be specific and measurable (metrics)Assigned to specific action agentAssigned to specific action agentMust allocate resourcesMust allocate resources Incorporates milestonesIncorporates milestones


Monitor milestonesMonitor milestonesTake actionTake actionRe-allocate resourcesRe-allocate resources

Assess performanceAssess performanceQuantitativeQuantitativeQualitativeQualitative

Coordination in OperationsCoordination in Operations

Management by objectives and the Management by objectives and the strategic planning model can be used to strategic planning model can be used to coordinate tactical operationscoordinate tactical operations

Action planning, a component of NIMS, is Action planning, a component of NIMS, is a scaled down version of the strategic a scaled down version of the strategic planning model.planning model.


NIMS Five Phases of PlanningNIMS Five Phases of PlanningUnderstand the situationUnderstand the situationEstablish incident objectives and strategyEstablish incident objectives and strategyDevelop the planDevelop the planPrepare and disseminate the planPrepare and disseminate the planExecute, evaluate, and revise the planExecute, evaluate, and revise the plan


How do the five phases of the NIMS How do the five phases of the NIMS planning model compare with the strategic planning model compare with the strategic planning model?planning model?


NIMS ModelNIMS Model Understand the situationUnderstand the situation Establish incident Establish incident

objectives and strategyobjectives and strategy Develop the planDevelop the plan Prepare and disseminate Prepare and disseminate

the planthe plan Execute, evaluate, and Execute, evaluate, and

revise the planrevise the plan

Strategic Planning ModelStrategic Planning Model PlanningPlanning OrganizingOrganizing DirectingDirecting Directing/ControllingDirecting/Controlling


Incident Command SystemIncident Command SystemCalifornia Wildfires 1970California Wildfires 1970

600K acres600K acres16 lives16 lives13 days13 days

1971 – Congress funds Firefighting 1971 – Congress funds Firefighting Resources of Southern California Organized Resources of Southern California Organized for Potential Emergencies (FIRESCOPE)for Potential Emergencies (FIRESCOPE)


Problem areas addressed by ICSProblem areas addressed by ICSLack of common organizationLack of common organizationPoor on-scene and interagency Poor on-scene and interagency

communicationscommunications Inadequate joint planningInadequate joint planningLack of valid and timely intelligenceLack of valid and timely intelligence Inadequate resource managementInadequate resource managementLimited prediction capabilityLimited prediction capability


Design CriteriaDesign CriteriaScalable – single agencies to multiple agenciesScalable – single agencies to multiple agenciesExpandable – daily incidents to major emergenciesExpandable – daily incidents to major emergenciesusable in all emergencies, not just fireusable in all emergencies, not just fireAble to integrate new technologiesAble to integrate new technologiesStandardized terminology, organization, Standardized terminology, organization,

proceduresproceduresIntegrate with existing agency proceduresIntegrate with existing agency proceduresSimple to teach and maintainSimple to teach and maintain


Basic PrinciplesBasic PrinciplesAgency autonomyAgency autonomyUnit integrityUnit integrityFunctional clarityFunctional clarityManagement by objectivesManagement by objectives

Coordination in OperationsCoordination in Operations Common terminologyCommon terminology

Modular organization Modular organization

Management by Management by objectivesobjectives

Incident Action PlanIncident Action Plan

Manageable span of Manageable span of controlcontrol

Comprehensive Comprehensive resource managementresource management

Integrated Integrated communicationscommunications

Information & Information & intelligence intelligence managementmanagement


Incident Command SystemIncident Command SystemElements of both hierarchical and networked Elements of both hierarchical and networked

systems – hybridsystems – hybridWorks best with the existence of a strong Works best with the existence of a strong

sense of community among responderssense of community among respondersReported failures may be due to the emphasis Reported failures may be due to the emphasis

of ICS field structure over ICS conceptsof ICS field structure over ICS concepts


Research suggests that pre-disaster Research suggests that pre-disaster coordination is a determinant of successful coordination is a determinant of successful disaster operationsdisaster operations

Unsuccessful disaster operations are Unsuccessful disaster operations are characterized not by lack of resources but characterized not by lack of resources but by inability to allocate available resourcesby inability to allocate available resources


Applying the Principles to mutual aidApplying the Principles to mutual aidCollaboration: build relationships w/peer Collaboration: build relationships w/peer

groups and national organizationsgroups and national organizations Integration: formalize relationships through Integration: formalize relationships through

memoranda of agreement or contracts. memoranda of agreement or contracts. Coordination: manage incoming resources Coordination: manage incoming resources

through the action planning process. through the action planning process.


EMAC as an application of the PrinciplesEMAC as an application of the PrinciplesCollaboration: developed through the National Collaboration: developed through the National

Emergency Manager’s Association.Emergency Manager’s Association. Integration: formal MOU; uses standard ICS Integration: formal MOU; uses standard ICS

protocols; consistent with NIMS,protocols; consistent with NIMS,Coordination: National Coordination Group Coordination: National Coordination Group

oversees operations; Advance Team oversees operations; Advance Team deployed to the affected to statedeployed to the affected to state

ConclusionConclusion

CoordinationCoordination Is a determinant of successful disaster Is a determinant of successful disaster

operationsoperations Is closely linked to the Principles of Is closely linked to the Principles of

Integration and CollaborationIntegration and CollaborationRequires a systematic approach based on Requires a systematic approach based on

sound management principlessound management principles

session 8 coordination. session objectives define the principle of coordination define the principle...

Documents

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principle of coordination

coordination nfpa

integration integration

emergency management

duties emergency managers

legislation integration