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Session 7B – How To Turn Silver To Gold By Learning From Other Long Term Care Markets Kuan Ho Tan, FSA, CERA Ken Cheung, FIAA

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Page 1: Session 7B – How To Turn Silver To Gold By Learning From Other … · 2017-07-13 · 7/12/2017 The SOA Asia‐Pacific Annual Symposium 6‐7, July 2017 How to Turn Silver to Gold

Session 7B – How To Turn Silver To Gold By Learning From Other Long Term Care Markets

Kuan Ho Tan, FSA, CERA Ken Cheung, FIAA

Page 2: Session 7B – How To Turn Silver To Gold By Learning From Other … · 2017-07-13 · 7/12/2017 The SOA Asia‐Pacific Annual Symposium 6‐7, July 2017 How to Turn Silver to Gold

7/12/2017

The SOA Asia‐Pacific Annual Symposium6‐7, July 2017

How to Turn Silver to Gold by Learning from Other Long Term Care Markets 

KUAN HO TAN

Senior Marketing Actuary, South East Asia, SCOR

6‐7, July 2017

2

KEN CHEUNG

Head of Hong Kong & Taiwan, SCOR

Page 3: Session 7B – How To Turn Silver To Gold By Learning From Other … · 2017-07-13 · 7/12/2017 The SOA Asia‐Pacific Annual Symposium 6‐7, July 2017 How to Turn Silver to Gold

7/12/2017

For someone at the age of 65+ the probability of needing LTC over the lifetime is

30%Of the population needing LTC,                                 have substantial LTC needs 

(≥ 3 ADLs limitation) 

68%

Fast Facts

Source: American Association for Long‐Term Care insurance

Ageing Landscape in Asia

Page 4: Session 7B – How To Turn Silver To Gold By Learning From Other … · 2017-07-13 · 7/12/2017 The SOA Asia‐Pacific Annual Symposium 6‐7, July 2017 How to Turn Silver to Gold

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Asia is the Global Home of the Elderly

Source: Advancing into the Golden Years, Marsh & McLennan Companies Report, 2016

Asia Pacific is experiencing an explosive growth of the number of elderly people (aged 65 and above), outpacing other regions. By 2030 the number of senior people in APAC is projected to increase by 200 million (+70%)

50

100

160

300

80

130

260

500

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

North America Europe Rest of the world Asia Pacific

Elderly population projection from 2015 to 2030, million, 2015‐2030

2015 2030

+70%

+62%

+30%

+60%

Societal ageing represent economical risks placing higher burden on economy. APAC major economies account for nearly quarter of global GDP, while being the most aged society. 

25%

25%24%

27%

Share of GDP by region, %

APAC

North America

Europe

Rest of the World

297.4 million

155.8 million

53.7 million

98.4 million

Elderly  population by regions

What stands out in the APAC region is unparalleled speed at which growth of elderly population is happening. Compare :

11%Of the population

18%Of the population

China – 15 years

Germany – 25 years11%Of the population

20%Of the population

Singapore – 15 years

France – 49 years13%Of the population

23%Of the population

South Korea – 15 years

Italy – 40 years

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

FR THA US JPN CHN MYS VNM KOR IDN PHIL SIN IND

Healthcare financing sources, %, 2014

Public Expenditure Private Insurance Out‐of‐pocket spending

The number of elderly people who need care is increasing; 

and longer period of care is needed due to medical 

advances → This puts tremendous pressure on public 

healthcare financing

Total health spending as a % of GDP for Asia is also well 

below that of OECD countries – 9.2% 

17

11

10

7

7

6

5

5

5

4

4

3

USA

France

Japan

Korea, Rep.

Vietnam

China

Singapore

Philippines

India

Malaysia

Thailand

Indonesia

Health expenditure, % of GDP, 2014OECD Average

Long Term Care Financing

Source: Advancing into the Golden Years, Marsh & McLennan Companies Report, 2016;   OECD Health Statistics 

Page 5: Session 7B – How To Turn Silver To Gold By Learning From Other … · 2017-07-13 · 7/12/2017 The SOA Asia‐Pacific Annual Symposium 6‐7, July 2017 How to Turn Silver to Gold

7/12/2017

ADL

Eating / Feeding oneself

Dressing

Mobility (level surface / transfer 

from bed to wheelchair)

Bathing

Toileting 

Continence

IADL

Housework

Money Management

Medication Adherence

Shopping 

Use of Telephone

The ADL/IADL measures for assessing dependency and Dementia

Six General Stages the Elderly Take through the Care System Based on Their Health Condition

Increasing Frailty

IncreasingDependency

Transition CareResidential Care

Self Sufficient

Assisted living

Family Support 

Home Care

Hospitalization

Full Recovery

Poor Recovery

Partial Recovery

TypicalAging Needs

Substantialdeterioration

Low care level required

Continuum of Care

DEMENTIA

Health Conditions

Social SupportLifestyle Choices

Demographics

Key Risk Factors Associated with Old Age Disability

Page 6: Session 7B – How To Turn Silver To Gold By Learning From Other … · 2017-07-13 · 7/12/2017 The SOA Asia‐Pacific Annual Symposium 6‐7, July 2017 How to Turn Silver to Gold

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Demographic & Socio‐Economic Insights

10

24% 15% 19%

% of Elderly Population, 2012 vs. 2050,  ≥ 60

France Singapore USA

30% by 2050

38% by 2050

27% by 2050

World Average, 11%

77%84%

75%

49% 51% 48%

France Singapore USA

Proportion Currently Married, ≥ 60, % 

Men Women

Elderly Population is Significant in France, Singapore and USA

Source: http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/2012PopAgeingandDev_WallChart.pdf

Life expectancy at age 60

France: Singapore: USA: 22 2522 2522 27

8% 6% 43% 20% 35% 25%

Men

Women

Proportion of people aged ≥ 60, who are economically active %

France USASingapore

4 7 5

France Singapore USA

Old‐age support ratio (No. of age 15‐64 over No. of Age 65+), %, 2012 

2 by 2050

2 by 2050

3 by 2050

Page 7: Session 7B – How To Turn Silver To Gold By Learning From Other … · 2017-07-13 · 7/12/2017 The SOA Asia‐Pacific Annual Symposium 6‐7, July 2017 How to Turn Silver to Gold

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LTC Coverage (Public / Private)

12

Singapore

Page 8: Session 7B – How To Turn Silver To Gold By Learning From Other … · 2017-07-13 · 7/12/2017 The SOA Asia‐Pacific Annual Symposium 6‐7, July 2017 How to Turn Silver to Gold

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Public LTC Insurance System in Singapore (ElderShield)

13

Established June, 2002

Eligibility For aged 40 and above; Opt‐out is allowed

Benefits SGD 400 (USD 290) monthly for 72 months upon insured cannot perform 3 out of 6 ADL

Cost Coverage Very basic coverage considering average nursing home costs SGD1000‐3500 monthly (USD725‐2537)

Coverage Duration Whole life

Premiums Deducted from one’s  Medisave account until age 65

Insurer Common insurance scheme managed by 3 panel insurers (Aviva, Great Eastern and NTUC Income)

Private LTC MarketPrivate LTC Market

Supplementary LTC plans (by non‐panel insurer)

Supplementary ElderShield Plans (by panel insurer)

Private LTC market in Singapore

14

Page 9: Session 7B – How To Turn Silver To Gold By Learning From Other … · 2017-07-13 · 7/12/2017 The SOA Asia‐Pacific Annual Symposium 6‐7, July 2017 How to Turn Silver to Gold

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Supplementary PlansI – Supplements which are extensions of basic ElderShield

II – Supplements which overlap with basic ElderShield

III – Supplements which integrate with basic ElderShield

Eldershield

ElderShield

ElderShield

6 years

6 years

6 years

16

France

Page 10: Session 7B – How To Turn Silver To Gold By Learning From Other … · 2017-07-13 · 7/12/2017 The SOA Asia‐Pacific Annual Symposium 6‐7, July 2017 How to Turn Silver to Gold

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17

Established 2002

Eligibility to benefits

≥ Age 60

Benefits

1) Indemnity model, cash benefit according to a service plan

2) Monthly cash benefit, is paid to people belonging to GIR 1 to GIR 4 levels. 

3) The benefit is capped each year, as a function of these four levels, taking into account the 

beneficiary’s income.

4) Steeply income adjusted (up to 90% copay)

Criteria

There are 6 level of GIR (Groupe Iso‐Resource) that determine the amount of benefits

GIR 1 –GIR2

3AVQ4 –4AVQ6

GIR 3 – 2AVQ4 –3AVQ6

GIR4  ‐ 2AVQ6

Severe (Total) Loss of Autonomy

Moderate (Partial)Loss of Autonomy

Public LTC Insurance System in France ‐ APA(Allocation Personnalisée d‘Autonomie)

AGGIR Based on 6 levels, from GIR 1 

to GIR 6

ADL Definition based on loss of X 

out of 4, 5 or 6 ADL

18

Covers 5.7m out of 66m 

population

15% of age 40+  (2010)

Supplements gap of LTC

LTC costs = €3500

Avg pension = €1200

Avg APA payout = €500 

Majority were age 56‐66

Higher % married/ have 

children

Higher level of education

Expect to leave a relatively 

large estate/ bequest

Banks are the main channel

Highly concentrated (70% of PHs and premiums collected by top 5 companies)

Group LTC Insurance represents 45% of market

Employers may pay for a portion of premiums 

However,  only provide coverage while employed

Huge private LTCI market

Subscribers Profile Distribution Group LTC Insurance

Private LTC Market in France

Page 11: Session 7B – How To Turn Silver To Gold By Learning From Other … · 2017-07-13 · 7/12/2017 The SOA Asia‐Pacific Annual Symposium 6‐7, July 2017 How to Turn Silver to Gold

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19

Features of Individual LTCI

Indemnity policies are dominant

2/3 policies cover heavy & irrecoverable dependency only 

Waiting Period & Claims deferred Period

Entry age up to age 75 years

Medical underwriting applies

Simple fixed  cash monthly benefit for life

Offers flexibility to subscribers

Easy to understand 

Easier to project costs vs benefits tied to service

WP :Nil(accident); 1 year(illness); 3 year (dementia)

DP : 90 days

Private Individual LTC Insurance Product Highlights

20

USA

Page 12: Session 7B – How To Turn Silver To Gold By Learning From Other … · 2017-07-13 · 7/12/2017 The SOA Asia‐Pacific Annual Symposium 6‐7, July 2017 How to Turn Silver to Gold

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21

Established 1965

Eligibility

Medicaid (low/no income & disabled)

Medicare (Age ≥ 65, for those recovering from an acute illness or accident entailing hospitalization)

Benefits

Medicare (limited LTC coverage)

‐ Up to 100 days of care in a skilled nursing facility (SNF) after an acute care episode‐ 100% of first 20 days in SNF, copayment required from day 21‐ 100 home health visits per hospitalization‐ Hospice care at the end of life

Medicaid (broad LTC benefits) 

‐ From institutional to home care

Public LTC System in the USA

22

Public LTC System in the USAAccording to National Health Expenditure Survey compiled by the centers for Medicare & Medicaid services, the U.S. spent $239 billion on LTC in 2014

79 (33%)

70 (30%)

49 (20%)

7 (3%) 14 (6%)

19 (8%)

Funding of 2014 Long‐Term Care Expenditures (Billions)

Medicaid

Medicare

Out of Pocket

LTC Insurance

Other Insurance

Other

Page 13: Session 7B – How To Turn Silver To Gold By Learning From Other … · 2017-07-13 · 7/12/2017 The SOA Asia‐Pacific Annual Symposium 6‐7, July 2017 How to Turn Silver to Gold

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Product Highlights

Long Term Care policies in USA are customizable on 5 general levels that fit various needs:

Maximum  amount of benefit payable (per day, per week, per month)

Length of benefit period

Maximum daily benefit for Home care / Community based care

Waiting Period

Inflation Protection 

Provides reimbursement upon use of multiple types of services

28

General Information

2 out of 6 ADLs or suffered a 

severe cognitive impairment

Bed hold reservation benefit

Durable Medical Equipment Benefit

Respite Care Benefit

World Wide Coverage Benefit

Facility Benefits: nursing facility or residential care 

facility

Home and community‐based care benefits

Care Coordinator Benefits

Hospice Care Benefit

Waiver of Premium Benefit

US LTC ProductsComprehensive and Nursing Care & Residential Care Reimbursement

24

Private LTC Market in the USAAfter more than two decades of rapid growth, the LTCI industry has undergone significant contraction, both in terms of sales and insurers participating in the market. One area of continued growth in the market is with combination or hybrid product

380

500

420

609 600

698

754

362

300 283253 254

129

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

Individual Market Sales: 1990‐2014 (Thousands)

Source: LifePlans Analysis Based on AHIP, LIMRA and LifePlans Sales Surveys, 1990‐2015

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LTC Insurance Statistics Based on SCOR’s Experience 

26

Actuarial Modelling – Statistical Data

Depends on age, sex, life expectancy without severe disability

01

Depends on age, sex, medical selection effect

02

Depends on age sex, time already spent in LTC, the main disease responsible for dependence

03

Longevity of active people Incidence of dependence Longevity of dependent people

Three transitional probability laws for a simple total dependency product – increased levels of dependency require much more complicated framework

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Actuarial Modelling – Semi‐Markov Model Used by Scor Global Life 

Loss of autonomy

Healthy Dead

= 0,

28

Mortality of autonomous individuals1. Insured that have not lost their autonomy (according to the retained definition) and that have not died ‐> Life 

expectancy in good health (without incapacity)

2. The mortality in state of autonomy is lower than a “general mortality”

3. An observation on the individual insurance portfolios: the insureds live longer than what could be observed on the 

general population or on the official insurance tables

4. The longevity in state of autonomy corresponds to the length of premiums payment

Life Expectancy Male Female

Autonomous General Pop’n Autonomous General Pop‘n

60 y.o. 22.5 20.3 27.1 25.3

65 y.o. 18.5 16.4 22.5 20.9

70 y.o. 14.7 13.0 18.0 16.7

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Loss of Independence/Autonomy ‐ Definitions

« Do it alone without being encouraged » ADL ‐ « YES/NO » ASSESSMENT

Bathing / Toileting Be able to maintain personal hygiene standards

Dressing Be able to dress and to undress, and possibly by wearing appropriate clothing

Eating Be able to serve and to eat food already prepared and made available

Mobility / Walking Be able to move inside the home on flat ground with suitable equipment

Transferring Be able to move from bed to chair and from chair to bed

ContinenceBe able to use toilet or to ensure urinary and faecal continence, including using sanitary bandages or surgical equipment

Total loss of independence = Loss of 3 out of 4 ADL or 4 out of 5 or 4/5 out of 6

30

Experience on the mortality of dependents

Disease 65 y.o. 72 y.o. 77 y.o. 82 y.o. 87 y.o.

Dementia 20.3% 36.0% 46.9% 49.8% 47.0%

Cancer 43.7% 26.2% 15.4% 10.1% 6.3%

Cardio‐vascular pathology

16.4% 16.6% 15.5% 12.0% 11.3%

Neuro‐psychiatric disease

14.6% 12.3% 10.1% 7.0% 5.4%

Polypathology 5.1% 8.9% 12.1% 21.1% 29.9%

Description

1. Complex law depending on several parameters (not only age and gender)

2. Various approaches: we retained a model close to the disability one, depending on age at claim and length in the state of dependency

2 – 4 years

2 – 7 years

1 – 6 years

4 months – 2 years

2 – 10 years

Polypathology

Neuro‐psychiatric disease

Cardio‐vascular pathology

Cancer

Dementia

Findings: 1. The causes of LTC depend on age

2. The length in the state of loss of autonomy depends on the initial pathology

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Female: First Year of Mortality rate in LTC 

32

Men: First Year of Mortality rate in LTC 

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Mortality of the first year in LTC 

34

Mortality of the second year in LTC 

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Incidence rate in LTC by Pathology grouping

Source:  A semi‐markov model with pathologies for LTC insurance, Guillaume Biessy, SCOR Global Life

36

Experience on the incidence rates: mostly women are concerned

Example: at 70 y.o. +50% and at 75 y.o. +25%

Example: at 85 y.o. +5% and at 90 y.o. +10%Higher incidence among “older” women

UnderlyingDistinct Processes

Higher incidence among “young” male

Higher mortality for male than for female

Dependent women live longer

A higher number of dependent women than dependent men at the same age

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Conclusion

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Conclusion

Government initiatives needed boost interest and success for private insurance

LTC is one of the greatest generational challenges as population ages

There are good references and benchmarks to learn from other countries.

LTC risks can be managed by tapping into expertise and research available.

You don’t have to be great to start, you have to start to be great.

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39