september 2016 in this publication–урналы/2016... · modern mi-28n attack helicopters,...

Helicopter cluster in BatayskPage 2

"Russian Helicopters" Holding Company started works onthe construction of the largest in Russia facility with aflight-test center on a site which covers almost 800 ha.Works on the construction of a new helicopter productioncluster have been started at the former Bataysk militaryaerodrome in the Rostov Oblast on a total area of almost800 hectares. The core element of new cluster will beproduction facilities of Rosvertol which is part of "RussianHelicopters" Holding Company.

The parade of new technologiesPage 12

The Russian Helicopters Holding has signed a frameworkagreement document with Chinese companies AVIC Interna-tional Holding Corporation and CITIC Offshore HelicopterCorporation, to organise a Technical Servicing and RepairCentre (TSRC) for Russian-produced helicopters in China.Under the terms of the Agreement, Russian Helicoptersplans to outfit a TSRC in the PR Chinese city of Shenzen,which will service and repair Russian-produced helicopters.

Other articles

Extinguishing and that's all...Page 6

The first flight of the Mi-28NMPage 24

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september 2016

Fire in PortugalPage 32

www.helicopter.su

Against Peruvian drug lords Page 28

For over half a century, in some countries of Latin Americaa hard confrontation between the government and drug car-tels has been going on. This is a struggle in which an over-whelming victory of law enforcement authorities is hardlypossible, however any success has a positive impact onhealth, potential drug addicts and the fight against globalorganized crime. Proceeds from sales of cocaine do not re-main in the country of production – they are transferred tothe countries of consumption – the US, EU and Russia fol-lowing drugs.

Unique and universalPage 18

The multipurpose Ka-32A11BC civilian helicopter withcoaxial rotor continues to conquer international markets.Built in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, by KumertauAircraft Production Enterprise (Kumapp), which is part ofRussian Helicopters Holding Company, the helicopter is un-equalled in many applications. In addition to transportationand patrolling, it can be used for search and rescue mis-sions, as a flying crane for very complex erection work, andis one of the best fire helicopters in the world.

1

IN THIS PUBLICATION

PRODUCTION FACILITIES

2 helicopter industry magazine / september, 2016

The cluster will include five new and three supporting plants to ensure the production process

New helicopter production cluster in Bataysk"Russian Helicopters" Holding Company started works on the construction of the largest in Russia facility with a flight-testcenter on a site which covers almost 800 ha.


3

Works on the construction of a new helicopter production cluster have been started at the formerBataysk military aerodrome in the Rostov Oblast on a total area of almost 800 hectares. The core ele-ment of new cluster will be production facilities of Rosvertol which is part of "Russian Helicopters"Holding Company.

www.helicopter.su

Works on the construction of a new helicop-ter production cluster have been started atthe former Bataysk military aerodrome in theRostov Oblast on a total area of almost 800hectares. The core element of new clusterwill be production facilities of Rosvertol whichis part of "Russian Helicopters" HoldingCompany.

Currently, the main focus in this project isplaced on the construction of the flight-testcenter of Rostvertol. In March 2016, expertsof the Rostov enterprise of the holding ob-tained a permission from Glavgosexpertizato move the flight-test center to the aero-drome in Bataysk.

The airfield infrastructure was restored, anda section of an artificial landing strip was putinto operation as a helipad. Furthermore, asubstantial part of the training flights of Ros-tvertol was redirected to Bataysk.

Opening of the Rostvertol flight-test center isscheduled for 2019, afterwards the construc-tion of a new helicopter production clusterwill be started near Bataysk. The project isaimed at the construction of helicopter pro-duction facilities, service center and a branchof the Helicopter Academy.

The cluster will include five new and threesupporting plants to ensure the productionprocess in which at least 20 thousand peoplewill be involved.

The project will be implemented in twostages. The first stage assumes the con-struction of a flight-test center at the formermilitary aerodrome in Bataysk. The State-ment of work has been already received,start of design and construction/installationworks is scheduled for 2015, commissioningis scheduled for 2019. The main objective ofthe flight center is to provide a safe environ-


4

ment for helicopter testing and to bring ex-perimental flights outside of Rostov-on-Don.It is expected that the center will serve thecore production facilities of Rostvertol andwill also be used for testing equipment that isrepaired on requests of the Defence Ministryand other customers.

Once the flight-test center is commissioned,works on the construction of the cluster willbe commenced. The cluster will accommo-date the Helicopter Service and Repair Cen-tre of the Defence Ministry for the SouthernFederal District, the Russian Advanced Com-mercial Helicopter (RACHEL) production fa-cility, a composites components productionfacility and a branch of the Helicopter Acad-emy of Russian Helicopters.

Research fellow at the Institute for TransportEconomics and Transport Policy Studies ofNRU HSE Fyodor Borisov welcomed theidea of creating a helicopter production clus-ter and noted that helicopter engineering isone of the few high-tech industries in Russiawhere products being manufactured enjoysuccessful sales.

Boris Rybak, the head of analytical agency"Infomost", shared the opinion of Borisov andexpressed the idea that this cluster would bein demand, given the high level of global de-mand for helicopters. Besides, according tothe expert, the construction of the flight-testcenter will be inexpensive since it is createdon the basis of the former airfield, and just aflight area and several laboratory buildings

are required for its operation.

Fyodor Borisov also mentioned the need totackle the issue related to training of staffnecessary for project implementation. Amidstthe expected expansion of production, spe-cialists graduating from the relevant Chair atthe DSTU (Don State Technical University)specifically for Rostvertol will not be enough.

helicopter industry magazine / september, 2016

This plant manufactures modern Mi-28N attack helicopters, Mi-35M transport and strikehelicopters as well as Mi-26's

On 22 August 2016, Alexander Mikheev, theCEO of Russian Helicopters Holding Com-pany held a meeting with the Governor of Ros-tov Oblast Vasily Golubev within an officialvisit to Rostov-on-Don. During the meeting theparties discussed a wide range of issues re-lated to the activities of the plant of Rostvertolwhich is part of Russian Helicopters.The head of Russian Helicopters and the Gov-


5

ernor of Rostov Oblast discussed primarily theprogress of production upgrade and improve-ment programs, current capacity utilization ofthe plant, retention of skilled personnel andstrengthening of workforce capacity.

Rostvertol is one of our most successful en-terprises. Exactly this plant manufacturesmodern Mi-28N attack helicopters, Mi-35M

transport and strike helicopters as well as Mi-26's, the world's largest helicopters with thehighest payload capacity in the world ", saidAlexander Mikheev, CEO of Russian Heli-copters Holding Company.

As stated by CEO of Russian Helicopters,the range of equipment produced at holdingenterprises is constantly being improved,and the demand for the products of Rostver-tol plant is growing not only on the Russianbut also on the global market.

"For the Rostov Oblast, a helicopter produc-tion cluster means decades of manufacturingtraditions combined with innovation, this isthe pride of people for the excellent work.The development of the helicopter cluster inBataysk will allow this area to become thelargest development center of the region andto create at least 10,000 new jobs. The coreelement of new cluster will be production fa-cilities of Rosvertol. In the first place, we willmove the flight-test center outside the bound-aries of Rostov-on-Don, a city with over a mil-lion inhabitants", said Vasily Golubev.

Nicolas Korobov

www.helicopter.su

The development of the helicopter cluster in Bataysk will allow this area to become thelargest development center of the region and to create at least 10,000 new jobs

APPLICATION


The history of use of helicopters for firefighting in the USSR originates in 1956

The idea to extinguish fires from the airhas been recognized as promising withoutany reservations from its very existence.However, lack of technologies andcapabilities has for a long made it not verymuch effective.

Extinguishingand that's all...

APPLICATION

7

when thousands of military aircraft and pi-lots turned out to be marginalised. In theUS, the demilitarized training biplanesStearman PT-17 and N3N converted intoagricultural machines were the first to beused for such firefighting purposes. Thepresence of chemical tank and equipment

on board the aircraft for spraying of chemi-cals allowed to quickly adapt the aircraft towater discharge. The first Stearman with theregistration number N75081 flew on fire-fighting mission in July 1955. However, this"agricultural firefighting" aircraft took only alittle water on board – just 605 litres.

The main things is – capacity In fact, a 100-liter beer barrel suspended onaircraft could, in principle, not provide the re-quired amount of water to eliminate any com-bustion on earth. Problems were observed inwell-aimed throwing of water. But despitethis state of affairs, exactly beer barrels in-stalled on board the aircraft in the late 1920s– early 1930s in North America have beenthe first to use on airplanes for firefighting.

Similar Soviet practice in the early 1930s,though it advanced beyond the Americanone, confirmed in general the thesis of thelow efficiency of the aviation of those days

to combat fires. Experience in extinguishingforest fires from aerosprayers with chemicalsolutions and creation of control lines fromPo-2 and P-5 aircraft has shown that hang-over creeping fires only could be containedwith relatively reasonable success.A lot has changed after the World War II

www.helicopter.su

Ka-32 helicopterturned out to be therevolutionarydevelopment of thesubject

APPLICATION

8

Some time earlier, in 1952 the Soviet Unionhas started testing of 1000-liter aircraftsprayer (APO) on board the aircraft AN-2.The fire-extinguishing liquid was poured intothe aircraft sprayer using power-drivenpumps from the tanks installed at the air-port, and discharged from a flying airplaneat a height of 25 meters under a pressure of5 atmospheres within 5 seconds, thus creat-ing a 80-100 m strip in the open place.However, attempts to create a sufficientlywetted strip in these experiments failed tobe successful. However, the topic related tofire extinguishing from the air gained mo-mentum.

Suitable modes of transportation, extin-guishing mediaAs for the helicopters, they were used firsttime for forest conservation in the US imme-diately after the World War II. Though ini-tially, they were in service for carryingpeople and equipment to the places of for-est fires in Los Angeles in 1945 and Califor-nia in 1946. Later on, the light Bell 47aircraft were adapted to transport water inrubberized 150-250 l bags installed underthe fuselage. Afterwards the bags were re-placed by two side tanks connected by atube with drain valves. But even at that timeit was all about missing experience, al-though the helicopter has proved its worthby performing a variety of firefighting tasks.However, this gave rise to conversationsabout a landmark in the evolution of heli-copters' use for firefighting.

The only thing that deserves attention isthat evolution was basically related to anupgrade of the water discharge equipment,and not to the helicopters themselves. In1954, waxed paper bags filled with waterwere e.g. used as fire-extinguishing contain-ers, although this technique resulted in seri-ous problems as burning embers were flyingapart from the fire sources to be extin-guished. And yet the US Forest Service hasbelieved this technique to be a great tool toeliminate small fires.

It takes some time to realize the prospects

In the seventies, a water dischargedevice (VSU) for the Ka-26 and Mi-8T was developed. The VSU to theKa-26 consisted of a 320 l tank (onexternal sling), with plugs installedat the tank top – 420 litres


APPLICATION

The history of use of helicopters for firefight-ing in the USSR originates in 1956. Whilelight helicopters Mi-1, and subsequently Mi-2 were used for reconnaissance and trans-portation of people and equipment, theload-lifting Mi-4 was used directly for fire-fighting. With a M-800 motor pump on boardand two tanks with a capacity of 1 cu. m. ofwater each, with wetting agent reserve, itcould supply a jet with a length of up to 30metres, punching the leaves with a jet andspinning flame tips with aerial currents inthe direction of the burned area. There werealso other, similar systems, but at that par-ticular time few people realized realprospects of the new fire suppression sys-tem in the country, and as soon as peopleshowed less interest in the novelty product,it was used just for water supply.

Thus, the Western and Soviet fire extin-guishing technology has been virtually de-veloped in parallel to the use of aircraft.This means, as a rule, development of tanksand systems for water intake on board andwater supply to the fire area. The only thingworth noting is that the Americans madeuse of everything related to fire suppressiontechnology and tools suddenly appeared atthat time.

Scooped, poured outOver time, firefighters have started to usehelicopters with water discharge devices onan external sling which could be filled in al-most any reservoir on hover mode. This lay-out resulted in some advantages, such asgreater efficiency due to the increased dis-charge accuracy and tank filling efficiency (ittakes only a few seconds), enhanced safetyof the crew (there is no need to move down-wards to the height of 50-80 meters overthe fire.

In the seventies, a water discharge device(VSU) for the Ka-26 and Mi-8T was devel-oped. The VSU to the Ka-26 consisted of a320 l tank (on external sling), with plugs in-stalled at the tank top – 420 litres. Waterfrom the reservoir is taken by scooping anddischarged to the fire by tilting the tank. Di-

9

Western and Soviet fire extinguishingtechnology has been virtually developed inparallel to the use of aircraft

www.helicopter.su

mensions of wetted strip at the water dis-charge over the open place – 5x30 meters.In real practice, the water discharge deviceshave shown good results when extinguish-ing spot fires (10x10 meters), especially inthe mountains.

Since 1979, water discharge devices havebeen used on board the Mi-8T helicopter.They were used to fight creeping groundforest fires by discharging water on theburning edge, or by the creation of fire tracebefore the fire front being propagated.The technology has been widely developedin the early 1980s when the Canadian com-pany SE1 Industries LTD started to widelyput into practice Вaby Bucket containers.These containers were filled with wateronce they were laterally immersed into awater reservoir. The alternative was fittinghelicopters with suspended or onboardwater tanks and pumps inside the fuselagefor water intake on hover mode. For exam-ple, the S-64 Skycrane helicopters wereequipped in a similar way.

Special fire-fighting helicopterTo some extent, a certain stage of develop-ment was also creation of Mi-14 PZH "Elimi-nator" in the Soviet Union. This aircraft hada tank with a capacity of 4 tons instead ofmilitary equipment. Thanks to the water in-take system, the tank was filled within twominutes while the aircraft was hangingabove a water reservoir with a depth of 30cm or more. Water was discharged with theuse of burst (accelerated way within 3 sec-onds) and controlled methods (within 15seconds). In addition, it was able to trans-port loads with an external sling, to deliverup to two dozen rescuers to the facility toevacuate people from the disaster area atany time from any areas in simple and chal-lenging weather conditions.

Ka-32 helicopter turned out to be the revolu-tionary development of the subject. Fire-fighting equipment of this helicopterincluded a light tank with a capacity of threetons, a built-in water intake and dischargesystem and was installed at the fuselagebottom. When compared to conventional

APPLICATION


The alternative was fittinghelicopters with suspended oronboard water tanks andpumps inside the fuselage forwater intake on hover mode

APPLICATION

11

helicopters with external fire-fighting sling,restrictions in terms of flight speed, reser-voir depth, reduction of hook and disbal-ance risks have largely been lifted inrespect to Ka-32. Water from a surfacewater reservoir comes into the tanks within80 seconds through the use of two electricpumps. Subsequently, the Ka-32 can carryand discharge up to 28 tons of water on adistance of five kilometres within an hour.

What else, except firefightingOver just three decades, helicopter firefight-ing systems have come a rather long way intheir development. They play a crucial rolein assisting while fighting forest fires. It be-came possible only due to unique featuresof helicopters platforms themselves whichapparently have not yet revealed even thesmallest part of their potential.

Herman Spirin

www.helicopter.su

Printing components on a 3D-printerWithin the framework of the Moscow exhibi-tion "Innoprom 2016", Russian Helicoptersshowed for the first time their developmentsin additive technology. On the Holdingbooth, there were presented the elements ofthe steering control of the helicopter, as wellas non-bearing components printed on 3D-printers.The core element of the exhibition of Russ-ian Helicopters was a tail rotor control sliderfor the light multi-role helicopter ANSAT,

made in three versions: one – using a con-ventional method through machining, andtwo variants of the component with a bionicaluminum and titanium design producedusing additive technologies of layered sin-tering of metal powders. Compared to theelement made in a conventional way, theweight of components printed on a 3D-printer has been reduced almost by half.Furthermore, the Holding specialists havedemonstrated non-bearing parts (hollowlightweight door handles) made of alu-

minum, also created by using additive tech-nologies.In accordance with the request of the Min-istry of Industry and Trade of Russia, Russ-ian Helicopters are actively implementingcomponents made by means of 3D-printingin the production of its technology. Theseinnovative technologies used in the helicop-ter industry can provide a reduction inweight of the machine parts up to 40%,shorten the time of development of newproducts and prototyping by several times,

IMPROVEMENTS


Innovative technologies used in the helicopter industry allow to obtain a number of operational capabilities

The parade of new technologies

IMPROVEMENTS

13

as well as allow to obtain the elements ofcomplex shapes that cannot be made in theusual way.

"Additive Technology is one of the fastestgrowing areas of aircraft production today.They change fundamentally the way of pro-duction and are currently the world trend.Russian Helicopters Holding Company in-tends to actively implement 3D-printing formass and prototype production of their heli-copters," said the Deputy General Managerfor Production and Innovation of RussianHelicopters Andrey Shibitov during the"Innoprom 2016" exhibition.

The system to identify hidden damagesto helicopter bladesRussian Helicopters developed a uniquesystem for detecting hidden damages tohelicopter blades. Development of technolo-gies for scanning blades of main and tail ro-tors is carried out by the experts of thedesign bureau VR-Technologies of theRussian Helicopters Holding Company (partof Rostec State Corporation). VR-Technolo-gies was established in 2014 as an innova-tive design office of Russian Helicopters toprovide helicopters with competitive scien-tific and technological solutions.

Currently, the creation of a device proto-type is underway, and the tests are beingconducted. It is planned that the last teststages will be completed in the next twoyears. Moreover, the experts of VR-Tech-

nologies are completing the release of de-sign documentation under the project ofmodernization of the main and tail helicop-ter rotors. According to the project, thestructure will not feature a conventionalspar and honeycomb core in the blade finrear part, and the blades will be manufac-tured according to a single-step moldingtechnology using polymeric materials. Thistechnology will increase the strength of theblades, will lower vibrations and enhancethe quality level of their production at thestage of mass production, including throughthe use of modern manufacturing opera-tions.

Accident-free fuel system for helicoptersTechnodynamics Holding (which is part ofRostec) has completed the test operation inthe extreme conditions of the first in Russiaaccident-free fuel system for helicopters de-signed to protect from the consequences ofhard landings.

The peculiarity of the system is that "in theevent of an accident, the tanks retain theirintegrity and the connections are broken inspecial elements which prevents from leak-age of fuel."

"It is important that this development is usedon the Russian helicopters: this will signifi-cantly increase their reliability and security,and therefore their competitiveness on theRussian and global markets", said theDeputy Minister of Industry and Trade An-drei Boginsky.

According to the General Manager of theHolding Maxim Kuzyuk, "such systemshave not been ever developed in Russiaand there are only a few “peers” in theworld."

"Once the weight is improved and adaptabil-ity for a specific helicopter is increased, wewill conduct comprehensive tests on its reli-ability. After that, we will be able to certifyour development according to the interna-tional standards and to offer it to nationaland international manufacturers of helicop-ters", he said.

After emergency falls of helicopters, firesare quite often on board due to the defor-mation of the structure of the fuel tanks,short circuit or contact of spilled fuel withhot objects.

Additive Technology isone of the fastestgrowing areas of aircraftproduction today. Theychange fundamentallythe way of productionand are currently theworld trend

www.helicopter.su

Russian Helicopter intends to actively imple-ment 3D-printing

IMPROVEMENTS

14

On modern rotorcraft, there are varioustypes of fuel tanks with various degrees ofanti-shock performance. Some of them arecompartments within the aircraft fuselage,sealed with covering (for example, cellularpolyurethane foam), which preventsspillage. Some tanks are metal cans or con-tainers, which are molded from various syn-thetic materials and large plastic bottles.Domestic soft fuel tanks are made by bond-

ing a layer of elastomer (any kerosene-re-sistant rubber), adhesive layers and a spe-cial rubberized fabric. Engineers andscientists of the British GKN AerospaceCompany have developed a new compositematerial for fuel tanks. It has a high level ofreliability in the event of impact and poorlysusceptible to punctures and other point-likedamage. For the production of flexible fueltanks, the aerospace industry has tradition-

ally used a multi-layer bonding technologyof composite materials and protective textilelayers.

This significantly complicates the manufac-turing process. The developed material isproduced on the basis of a thermoplasticpolymer and contains a textile layer inside,which increases the impact resistance ofthe material in the event of an accident.


Pneumatic alarm that is triggered by longerondamage is installed on helicopter rotor blade.Should any cracks appear in the longeron, theair pressure inside of it drops. Alarm pressureis triggered, if longeron hollow becomesdecompressed.

IMPROVEMENTS

15

With such a material, the use of solventscontaining volatile organic substances is re-duced many times.

In the event of falling down, the metal pipesare cut by the surrounding structure; theyare broken because of the displacement of

the airframe and chafed by other metal ele-ments of the system, which leads to theleakage of fuel. In such areas, it is stronglyrecommended to use flexible nonmetallichoses armored with steel braid. In fuel sys-tems, where the shut-off valves are not in-stalled, it is necessary to use flexible hoses,which are 20-30% longer than the minimumlength of hoses required by the design. The Eaton Company in coopera-tion with Russian Helicopterslaunched a production fa-cility in Russia to manu-facture flexible Teflonhoses. The advantageof Teflon hoses com-pared to rubber is alonger useful life de-spite the high cost ofmanufacturing. The use of modern technologyof computer modeling - software STAR-CCM+ one made by CD-adapco helps nu-merically analyze with high accuracy andgranularity of detail all the complex physical

processes that occur in the fuel system inthe event of a helicopter crash. The resultsand methodology of process modeling in thehydraulic system allow the developers toobserve at the design stage the behavior ofthe liquid in the tank and eliminate defectsby increasing the reliability of the fuel sys-tem and the helicopter as a whole.

Andrei Vezhnovets

www.helicopter.su

The structure will notfeature a conventionalspar and honeycombcore in the blade finrear part, and theblades will bemanufactured accordingto a single-step moldingtechnology usingpolymeric materials

ЗАО «Русские вертолетные системы»


ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

www.helicopter.su 17

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

Mil Mi-171

PRODUCT LINE


The Ka-32 and its latest model, the Ka-32A11BC – are truly universal machines

Unique and universal

PRODUCT LINE

19

The multipurpose Ka-32A11BC civilian heli-copter with coaxial rotor continues to con-quer international markets. Built in theRepublic of Bashkortostan, Russia, byKumertau Aircraft Production Enterprise(Kumapp), which is part of Russian Helicop-ters Holding Company, the helicopter is un-equalled in many applications. In addition totransportation and patrolling, it can be usedfor search and rescue missions, as a flyingcrane for very complex erection work, and isone of the best fire helicopters in the world.

The Ka-32A11BC has demonstrated unsur-passed capabilities in firefighting, especiallyin mountainous areas and densely-builturban environments at the level of the topfloors of high-rise buildings. The Ka-32A11BC is highly configurable with morethan 40 different options available, includingBambi-Bucket and Simplex fire-fighting sys-tems of various capacities, water cannonsfor horizontal fire-fighting, turret water can-nons and stowable lifting cabins for trans-portation and rescue operations. In the early2000s, Kumapp in Kumertau developed ahorizontal telescoping water cannon for theKa-32 series that can shoot a stream ofwater about 40 meters. The first productionKa-32 helicopter with a water cannon of thistype was delivered to South Korea in No-vember 2005.

With every new mission, pilots learn moreabout the unique capabilities of the Ka-32A11BC helicopter. For example, it can putout fires in dense urban areas that are outof the reach of fire trucks, as was demon-strated at the Moscow City Complex where,in April 2012, one was used to put out a firethat had engulfed over 300 square metersof a skyscraper at a height of 67 floors (270meters). It’s no exaggeration when the com-pany’s engineers claim that the Russian-built 32A11BC fire helicopter with horizontal

water cannon can extinguish a fire evenhigher up, such as in the upper floors of theBurj Khalifain in Dubai, which is 828 meterstall and has 163 floors.

Today, more than 150 Ka-32A11BC heli-copters are being used in more than 30countries. The Ka-32A11BC meets theRussian standard AP-29, Western stan-dards such as FAR 29, and is EASA certi-fied. Compliance with Western standardsmeans that it is marketable anywhere.

International certification is also conduciveto design improvements. Many significantdesign changes have been made since the

helicopter was certified in the West. It nowhas an innovative bicameral PC-60Fbooster, an improved control and hydraulicssystem and improved propulsion systems(including the fuel system, fire protection,APU and gearbox). The instrument panel,autopilot and alarm system have been re-fined. The composition of airborne equip-ment has been changed, a number ofadditional bench and flight tests have beenperformed, and the documentation hasbeen completely revamped.

As a result, the helicopter was certified foruse in Canada in 1998. The certificate wasamended to allow the conveyance of public

www.helicopter.su

The multipurpose Ka-32A11BC civilian helicopter with coaxial rotor continues to conquer inter-national markets. Built in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, by Kumertau Aircraft Produc-tion Enterprise (Kumapp), which is part of Russian Helicopters Holding Company, the helicopteris unequalled in many applications. In addition to transportation and patrolling, it can be usedfor search and rescue missions, as a flying crane for very complex erection work, and is one ofthe best fire helicopters in the world.

The coaxialdesign and theabsence of atail rotor givethe Ka32A11BCcompactness,high power-to-weight ratio,manoeuvringcapability andexcellentcontrollability

PRODUCT LINE

officials in 2006. Certification for use inMexico was obtained in 2005, followed byChile and South Korea in 2007, and Japan,China and Indonesia in 2008. The Euro-pean EASA.IM.R.133 certificate was ob-tained in 2009. Since 2011, the helicopterhas been certified for use in Brazil andIndia. Finally, in 2012, the Ка-32А11BCwas the first Russian helicopter to be certi-fied for use in Australia. This will allow Aus-tralian operators of helicopters to use theKa-32A11BC in search-and-rescue, firefighting, external load work and construc-tion/erection work.

The first production Ka-32 helicopter wasbuilt in 1980, and the current model, greatlyimproved after all these years, is operatedon many continents, in all climates and in avariety of capacities.

The process of international recognition ofKa-32 began in 1992 when the Heliswissowner Joe Reedy proposed Kamov com-pany to make use of the Russian helicop-ters in moving timber and at other works.This was mainly due to the fact that, pres-sured by the green, the laws were passed ina few countries forbidding usage of trackedvehicles in timber logging, and forest opera-tors willy-nilly had to remove timber by air.To do this, for example in Europe the heli-copters of the European consortium Euro-copter were used. It turned out, however,that even the latest model of Eurocopter –AS 332 Super Puma – yields Kamov’s ma-chine the majority of points, to say nothingof the price. Astute Reedy had backed theright horse, and Kamov’s team, in thetoughest competition, managed to be bothfeasible with buyers, and demonstrated un-rivalled skills of experienced negotiators,too.

When the Swiss first got Ka-32 its operationcosts per hour were about $2000. Thanks tomaintenance benchmarking this amountlowered down to $800! The developers keptmoving in this direction and managed to ex-tend the overhaul period of gear assemblyfrom 500 to 2000 hours, and even more ex-tention to 3000 hours was scheduled.

The helicopterefficiently performsoperations underconditions of denseurban developmentand hard-to-accessmountainous andforested locations


PRODUCT LINE

21

Ken Hopu, President of Vancouver IslandHelicopters Logging (VIHL), whose com-pany once acquired two of them and hassubstantial experience using them, saysfrankly, “We use both the Ka-32 and S-61models and have found the Ka-32 to bemore productive. It can carry more than theS-61, is more stable, can turn around fasterwhen bringing down a load, and is powerfulenough to lift its rated load on a hook verti-cally.”

His assessment is in line with the evergrowing popularity of the Ka-32A11BC. Thenumber of orders for the helicopter is onthe rise. In Brazil, the Ka-32A11BC is cur-rently one of the few helicopters that is ma-neuverable enough to drop water alongwinding edges of fires and transport heavyequipment in disaster mitigation situations.The Ka-32A11BC is used in Spain in fire-fighting and search-and-rescue missions.The certification of the Ka-32A11BC in Aus-tralia in 2012 was a major step forward be-cause of the constant need there forspecialized helicopters that are versatileand reliable for fighting wildfires, amongother things.

The history of the Ka 32 helicopter com-pletely reflects its special capabilities. Thereare quite a few well-known types of helicop-ter technology that are well adapted to ac-complishing a narrow range of tasks. TheKa 32 and its latest model, the Ka 32A11BC– are truly universal machines. The largest

regional operator – South Korea – demon-strates that these helicopters can do every-thing. More than 60 helicopters of the Ka 32type have been put into operation for vari-

ous jobs today in South Korea; they havelogged over 100,000 hours of flight time.The Department of Forest Aviation uses theKa 32 for firefighting; the country’s AirForces use them in search and rescue oper-ations; and the Coast Guard uses the heli-copters for patrolling the coastal waters. Inaddition, the Ka 32 is used in the commer-cial sector for transportation of freight, con-struction and assembly work, logging, andother tasks.

The Canadian company VIH Helicopters, asthe most successful operator with thelargest fleet of Ka 32’s in the world, hasdemonstrated the operational capabilities ofthe Ka 32A11BC. Over more than 15 years,the Ka 32’s operated by the Canadian com-

pany have logged around 17,200 hours.Spanish operators have decided in favor ofKa 32 helicopters in a firefighting modifica-tion. The fire season in the Iberian Penin-

sula begins each year in mid-May and runsuntil October. During this period 20 Ka32A11BC helicopters are positioned at basepoints near bodies of water throughout thepeninsula. The primary hotspots are locatedin southern Spain in the provinces of Sevilleand Valencia. One helicopter may log up to300 hours in a season. At times a machinemust carry out challenging operations up to14 hours a day. Depending on the remote-ness of a body of water, the helicopter is ca-pable of taking a load of water from 5 to 30times an hour.

The coaxial design and the absence of a tailrotor give the Ka 32A11BC compactness,high power-to-weight ratio, manoeuvring ca-pability and excellent controllability.

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The Ka 32A11BCinherited the besttraits of the NavalKa-27PS on whichbase it wasdesigned

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The specified service life of the helicopterhas now been extended to 32,000 hours,which gives the helicopter low operationalcosts and good efficiency. In addition, theKa 32A11BC can be equipped with a med-ical module with modern equipment for in-tensive therapy. Thanks to this,resuscitation measures can be conductedwhile transporting patients and injured per-sons. This is a very important capability forcompanies performing a wide range of avia-tion operations.

Along with clients in southern Europe andSouth America, today the Ka 32 helicoptersare being acquired more and more fre-quently by clients in the growing markets ofSoutheast Asia.

In February, 2016, the Russian HelicoptersHolding Company signed a number ofagreements on the delivery of seven Ka32A11BC helicopters to the People’s Re-

public of China. This year the Fire Depart-ment of the Public Safety Agency of the cityof Qingdao (CPR) will be the recipient oftwo Ka 32A11BC helicopters in a firefightingmodification. Four multi-purpose Ka32A11BC’s will be delivered to the Chinesecompany Jiangsu Baoli, and one more Ka32A11BC is to be supplied to the companyEasy Best Group. The Russian HelicoptersHolding Company previously deliveredeleven Ka 32-type helicopters to variousChinese clients. In 2015 three machineswere delivered.

The Ka 32A11BC is ideally suited to thehighly urbanized cities of China and its nat-ural and climatic peculiarities. The helicop-ter efficiently performs operations underconditions of dense urban development andhard-to-access mountainous and forested

locations, and is also capable of landing onthe decks of small size vessels, on drillingplatforms, and on an unprepared surface.

And not so long ago the helicopter was ableto prove its unbelievable capabilities in res-cuing people. The Ka 32A11BC helicopterplayed a key role in rescuing the passen-gers on the research vessel “AcademicShokalskiy”, which was stuck in Antarcticice. On 2 January 2014, a helicopter basedon the Chinese icebreaker Xue Long suc-cessfully performed an operation to evacu-ate the passengers. Since 24 December2013 the vessel had been imprisoned in theAntarctic ice 1500 nautical miles from thecoast of Australia.


PRODUCT LINE

Vessels of the icebreaker class - the Chi-nese Xue Long and the Australian AuroraAustralis – had tried without success topush through to the Academic Shokalskiy,after which the decision was made toevacuate the passengers. A Ka 32A11BCbelonging to the China’s State Oceano-graphic Agency and based on the ice-breaker Xue Long sailed off to help thepeople.

The Ka 32A11BC helicopter made fiveflights, transporting the passengers ingroups, and also completed two additionalflights in order to deliver the expedition’sluggage and equipment onto the AuroraAustralis. Totally, 52 people were evacu-

ated—foreign citizens, among them werescientists and tourists. The evacuation oper-ation lasted about four and a half hours.

The Ka 32A11BC inherited the best traits ofthe Naval Ka 27PS on which base it wasdesigned. The Ka 32A11BC effectively op-erates under conditions of low tempera-tures and high humidity and is highly

resistant against the influence of the ag-gressive marine environment. The charac-teristics of the Ka 32A11BC allow it tomake flights under conditions of increasedturbulence and storm winds, while thecoaxial design permits accurate hovering,maneuvering, and landing on small areas,which is especially important when beingbased on ships.


The latest Russian Thecharacteristics of theKa-32A11BC allow it tomake flights underconditions of increasedturbulence and stormwinds, while the coaxialdesign permits accuratehovering

The first test flight of the newest Russian-made Mi-28NM was carried out in mid-July on the Flight-testing station of the MoscowHelicopter Plant named after M.L. Mil in Lyubertsy, near Moscow. According to the test profile, the first flight is usually a liftoff andhover at a low altitude to test the helicopter controls, its alignment, operation of engines and transmission gear.

The first flight of the Mi-28NM

The tests of the Mi-28NM are coming to an end


MILITARY

"This is an all-weather, around-the-clock heli-copter - these are its fundamental differ-ences. It will get a practically new navigationsystem, the intelligence complex, new optics,and a new control system that allows the"blind" landing. The Mi-28NM, having all pos-sible advantages of a helicopter, is now ingreat demand on the market. The tests arecurrently coming to an end," Mr. Borisovsaid.

Attack helicopters Mi-28NM Night Hunter,put into service by the Ministry of Defenselast year, after its upgrading will receive high-precision weapons, a new control system,and a "glass cockpit."

"We are currently implementing significantupgrade of computing, visualization and nav-igation systems. For this helicopter, we or-dered weapons with optical guidance inKolomna (Engineering Design Bureau, EDB).Some new prototypes are coming verysoon", said Givi Janjgava, Deputy GeneralManager of Radio-Electronic TechnologyConcern (KRET) for Research and Develop-ment of Onboard Equipment.

Also, according to him, the Mi-28, from thevery beginning was designed in such a waythat its actions could be coordinated withother helicopters. "We are developing an up-graded system of preparation of flight mis-sions for coordinated actions of helicopters.This system already has some precursors forintegration into the network-centric controlsystem," the expert said.

The principle of this system lies in the factthat Night Hunters will be able to constantlycommunicate not only with one another, butalso to receive information from the aircraft,ground control stations or satellites. "Thissystem in its simplest form can be comparedwith the Internet.

The actions of a helicopter will be more ef-fective if it kills not only those target that arevisible, but also those which are observed bythe other helicopters," said the agency inter-locutor. The upgraded Night Hunter will alsoreceive a "glass cockpit", which will be virtu-ally deprived of mechanical devices and con-ventional control panels.

"It is getting more and more closer to imagi-native displays. The intelligent system opera-tions work in such a way that the systemoffers a final decision and options from whichthe pilot selects the desired ones. The heli-copter will be "filled with" intelligence in orderto reduce the load on a pilot," said Janjgava.Speaking of deadlines for the modernization

The installation of theN025 will allow thehelicopter to effectivelyrecognize and destroytargets on the ground,including (in the future)on the principle of "fireand forget it."


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procedures, the designer said that the inno-vations were to be introduced two or threeyears later.

At the same time, the KRET experts haveplans to include the EW systems in the de-sign of a Night Hunter. "We will gradually in-corporate electronic warfare means andsystems - to make the Mi-28 a real versatilehunter", concluded Janjgava.

The combat helicopter Mi-28N Night Hunteris designed to find and destroy tanks, ar-mored and soft-skinned vehicles, as well asenemy troops on the battlefield, and low-

speed air targets both at day and night timein simple and adverse weather conditions.

The tests of the Mi-28NM, which is the latest,highly upgraded version of the Russian at-tack helicopter Mi-28N Night Hunter arecoming to an end, reported the Deputy De-fense Minister of Russia Yury Borisov onWednesday to the journalists.

part of the Mi-28NM is very different from allprevious versions of the combat vehicle. Ob-viously, the changes have been made takinginto account the extensive experience of theattack helicopter operation.The Mi-28 made its first flight long ago, in1982, and it was put into operational servicein 2013 (the Mi-28N). As of 2016, the Russ-ian armed forces had more than 50 helicop-ters of this kind. In addition to that, someforeign customers also showed interest: notso long ago, Iraq received an export versionof the Mi-28NE.

Earlier, it was reported that another Russianattack helicopter - the Ka-52K "Katran" - willget a new radar station with an activephased antenna array. Thanks to the newradar station, it will be possible to identifylarge vessels at a distance of up to 180 km. The Mi-28NM helicopter.

The General Manager of the State RyazanInstrument Plant (SRIP) Pavel Budagov saidthat they managed to significantly enhancethe performance of the onboard computer of

The representatives of the Radio-ElectronicTechnology Concern said that for the up-graded Night Hunter their company has de-veloped and tested the newest electronicwarfare (EW) system with a laser to defeatenemy missiles (laser suppression station).

A powerful compact solid-state laser is de-signed to misguide missiles.The new modification has a standard mast-mounted radar station of the type N025 in-stalled. It is worth noting that the serialMi-28N’s do not have a mast-mounted radarstation. The installation of the N025 will allowthe helicopter to effectively recognize anddestroy targets on the ground, including (inthe future) on the principle of "fire and forgetit." This solution will also enhance the vitalityof the combat vehicle as the radar station willallow to timely identify potential threats.

The Mi-28NM will be equipped with a redun-dant control system which allows the naviga-tor-operator to fully control the fightingmachine. The new version of the helicopterhas changed purely on the outside: the front

This is an all-weather,around-the-clockhelicopter - these are itsfundamental differences.It will get a practicallynew navigation system,the intelligence complex,new optics, and a newcontrol system thatallows the "blind" landing


MILITARY

the Mi-28NM radar (modernization of the Mi-28N "Night Hunter"). According to PavelBudagov, a significant increase in perform-ance means increase by dozens of times.The statement of the General Manager ofSRIP which is part of KRET, is published onthe official website of Rostec Corporation:

Compared with the radar of the Mi-28N, eachmodule was subjected to improvements.Viewing is now 360-deg and is performed onseveral radio frequency bands. The radarstation is able to process information fromseveral channels at the same time, andthrough this the accuracy of measurement oftarget coordinates and obstacle parametershas improved. The number of simultaneouslytracked targets has increased. Novel modeshave been developed. The performance ofthe onboard computer has increased tenfold.

Pavel Budagov called the upgraded mast-mounted radar station a new generationradar station. According to him, this domesticproduct allows us to get ahead of mast-mounted locators produced abroad in termsof all major technical specifications.

The term "mast-mounted" for the radar sta-tion used is bound up with the fact that theantenna-receiving-transmitting part is locatedabove the mast bearing the rotor - under thespecial fairing made of radio-frequency-transparent material.

Abstract from the statement of the GeneralManager of SRIP:“This arrangement allows to obtain a radarimage of the terrain, hiding in the rugged ter-rain of the artificial and natural obstacles andremaining invisible for the enemy”.

For reference: The Mi-28NM speeds up to300 km / h, its static ceiling is 3.6 km, rate ofclimb - more than 13.5 m / s, maximum take-off weight - about 12.1 tons.The tests of the modernized Mi-28NM NightHunter will be completed in 2017. The DeputyGeneral Manager of Russian Helicopters IgorChechikov reported this to RIA Novosti.

Nikolay Korobov

PRACTICE


A special role in the implementation of counter-terrorism strategy had to be assigned to helicopters

Legendary Russian "Mi"helicopters against Peruvian drug lords

PRACTICE

For over half a century, in some countries ofLatin America a hard confrontation betweenthe government and drug cartels has beengoing on. This is a struggle in which an over-whelming victory of law enforcement authori-ties is hardly possible, however any successhas a positive impact on health, potentialdrug addicts and the fight against global or-ganized crime. Proceeds from sales of co-caine do not remain in the country ofproduction – they are transferred to thecountries of consumption – the US, EU andRussia following drugs. The latter is cooper-ating more and more intense with the na-tional governments of the region toovercome evil at an early stage. It is worthnoting that this policy which also includessupplies of helicopters as an important partthereof bears fruit.

The drug mafia has significant financial andhuman resources, it is mobile and especiallyin hard-to-reach mountainous areas it is im-possible to fight against it without reliableand state-of-the-art supporting means, i.e.Russian-made helicopters that are used forthis purpose. They provide mobility for forcegroupings and their fire cover in placeswhere aircraft can not be used. "Russian helicopters" figured out which high-profile special operations in Latin Americahad been supported by the Russian-madehelicopters over the past 3 years.

Shutting off the "Death channel"VRAEM area (valleys of the Apurímac, Eneand Mantaro rivers) in Peru is a sparsely-populated area, almost as big as Caribbeanstate Puerto Rico, which is located in the

heart of the Amazon rainforest. Humid, rainyand hot climate made VRAEM an ideal placefor growing coca plants and it quickly turnedinto one huge drug plantation while simulta-neously becoming a haven for militants ofthe Maoist terrorist group Sendero "Lumi-noso" (Shining Path). After the capture ofself-perpetuating leader of senderistas Abi-mael Guzmán in 1992 (Guzmán held powerfrom 1960), the militants gained a foothold inthe rainforest and started to provide securityfor drug traffickers who, in turn, funded or-ganized crime groups, as it was already thecase in the neighbouring Colombia. Since

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Government forceswere redeployed by Mi-171Sh's to hard-to-reach sites of theVRAEM area, as closeas possible to thesupposed shelter ofsenderistas

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Police operation in Peru's Madre de Dios region

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2012, Peru has exceled Colombia and be-come the biggest producer of cocaine in theworld, and the VRAEM area, without exag-geration, turned into a new hot spot on themap of Latin America and headache for thePeruvian government.

Coca leaves grown in the VRAM area areprocessed in handicraft camouflaged labsclose to the plantations and exported to theneighbouring countries by light aircraft whichget airborne from secret improvised landingstrips located directly in the rainforest.Elimination of drug traffic landing strips anddestruction of the rest of the terrorist anddrug lord infrastructure is one of the key ob-

jectives of the government in the VRAM areasince finishing off the infrastructure of drugtraffickers directly affects the financial condi-tion of the Sendero "Luminoso" group.

To meet this challenge, ex-president of PeruOllanta Humala formed in 2012 new mixedspecial operations forces from the staff of theAnti-terrorist unit of the Peru National Policeas part of a new counter-terrorism strategy offight against Sendero Luminoso. Theseforces had to fulfil reconnaissance and targetdesignation tasks. Moreover, contingent ofthe joint special forces was also included inthe structure of mixed forces. A special rolein the implementation of counter-terrorismstrategy, as conceived by the government,had to be assigned to helicopters.

In 2010, Peru's Armed Forces purchased sixMi-171Sh helicopters to be supplied fromRussia. Aircraft arrived in the country in2011, and since 2012 they have been in ac-tive use for the elimination of terrorists.Russian helicopters helped the mixed forcesquickly and efficiently reach target places,and where necessary provided fire support toforces on the ground. Government forceswere redeployed by Mi-171Sh's to hard-to-reach sites of the VRAEM area, as close as

possible to the supposed shelter of senderis-tas. Afterwards the members of the militarywere for several days working their way inthe rainforest on foot to destroy the selectedtarget (there were usually rebel camps ordrug plantations).

In 2012-2013, the government forces con-ducted the "Asylum", "New horizon" and"Red sunset" operations which helped to de-tect and destroy several terrorist camps inthe VRAEM area, capture 16 senderistas,free 11 children held by the terrorists forcommitting acts of terrorism and eliminate al-most all the leaders of Sendero Luminosowhich greatly weakened this terrorist group.The key success factors of such operationsis their speed and suddenness, and that washow the Peruvian government acting in theVRAEM area was able to eliminate the rebelcamps and to get their most important docu-ments: layouts, terrain maps, codes, etc. Andthanks to this, final suppression of senderis-tas was only a matter of time and additionalhelicopters. To strengthen the fight againstterrorists and to bring it to the end, the Peru-vian government decided to increase thenumber of helicopters for redeployment ofmilitary forces across the whole VRAEMarea by drawing a noose around the terror-

A helicopter flies over the Ene river in Pangoa district before the detonation of landing strips used by drug trafficking aircrafts


In late 2013, Peru andRussia signed anagreement on thedelivery of 24 additionalMi-171Sh helicopters.The agreement wasperformed in thebeginning of 2016

ists and cutting off all the routes of escape. After a series of successful operations withthe involvement of Russian helicopters Mi-171Sh, Mi-25 and Mi-35 which are also inoperational service with the Peruvian AirForce, the Armed Forces of the "country ofIncas" decided again on the Russian militarytransport helicopters Mi-171Sh. In late 2013,Peru and Russia signed an agreement onthe delivery of 24 additional Mi-171Sh heli-copters. The agreement was performed inthe beginning of 2016.

PRACTICE

Prepared by the Press Relations Service of "Russian Helicopters" Holding Company


Illegal settlement smashed by armed police

Other cases where Russian helicopters have distinguished themselves:

1. In January 2016, the Mi-171 of the Mexican Marine Corps was involved in the capture of themost dangerous criminal in the world, El Chapo, head of the extremely powerful Sinaloa drugcartel, and his delivery to Altiplano, the maximum-security prison in Mexico. 2. In June 2013, the Mi-35 of the Brazilian Air Force intercepted a light aircraft that did not re-spond to call signs in a place located 200 km from Porto Velho (on the border with Bolivia).The Mi-35 forced the offender to land in the nearest airport. Once the circumstances werecleared up, the aircraft crew was set free. Such operations are standard practice for a helicop-ter squadron which patrols the Western Amazonian region. Mi-35's have been successfullyused by the Brazilian Air Force to intercept light low-speed aircraft that are often flown by drugtraffickers while transporting their illegal cargo.

MISSION


Over the past three seasons in Portugal, the choppers have helped to effectively put out thousands of wildfires

5 to 30 water drops. At times, the Ка-32А11ВС helicopters have to completeflight operations for 14 hours a day.Total flying time of several aircraft overthe entire season is up to 300 hours.

The unique helicopter Ka-32A11BC isoperated in various regions of theworld. The design solutions employedin this model make it a leader in itsclass. Due to its manoeuvrability andcompactness, the aircraft is able to

carry out special operations in virtuallyany conditions. The KA-32A11BC is able toput out fires both in cities and in remotemountainous and forest areas. The helicopterreceived high accolades from operators and isin great demand on the international market.

The advantage of Ka-32A11BC is that thehelicopter is equipped with two rotors builtaccording to a coaxial design. This design al-lows the aircraft to maintain a stable hovereven amid air turbulence caused by fires,and to achieve impressive manoeuvrability.As a result, the Ka-32A11BC is able to hoverdirectly over the fire source and carry outhigh-precision firefighting.

In recognition of its high level of perform-ance, exactly the Ka-32A11BC model is de-picted on the emblem of the GlobalFirefighting helicopter initiative (GFHI) – aprogram aimed at improving the efficiency ofspecialized firefighting helicopters.

effectively put out thousands of wildfires, topreserve thousands of hectares of agricul-tural land and prevent fires in 20 localities.According to Grupo Faasa, total flight time ofPortuguese Ka-32A11BC fleet amounted to2,500 hours.

The firefighting version of Ka-32A11BC is ca-pable of delivering up to 5 tonnes of water tothe fire location, and can be equipped withmore than 40 different types of equipment, in-cluding a helicopter bucket and water cannonfor horizontal fire-fighting. The helicopter iscapable of operating in thick smoke and canperform tasks on the upper floors of high-risebuildings. The oil industry also uses it to ex-tinguish fires on oil facilities. Depending onwhere the helicopter is based and where ithas to fly to, in just an hour it can make from

Ka-32A11BC helicopters successfully tackled fire in Portugal

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Ka-32A11BC multirole helicopters pro-duced by Russian Helicopters HoldingCompany (part of State CorporationRostec) have been employed thissummer in extinguishing massive firesraging on the Portuguese island ofMadeira. The Russian-made helicop-ters belonging to the Portuguese Inte-rior Ministry have shown their ability toextinguish fires quickly and effectivelyin the most challenging situations.

Both Portugal's mainland and the islandMadeira, region of Portugal, have been ex-periencing the most extensive fires after thelack of rain and amid abnormally high tem-peratures. Ka-32A11BC multirole helicoptersproduced by "Russian Helicopters" HoldingCompany were used for extinguishing firesources.

The firefighting version of Ka-32A11BC heli-copters is equipped with the most up-to-datefirefighting systems – Bambi-Bucket andSimplex as well as with water cannons. TheKa-32A11BC is capable of taking up 3,200liters of water and dumping it over fire in just1.5 minutes while hovering.

The Ka-32A11BC helicopter can operate incriticial conditions thanks to avionics devel-oped by KRET. Specialists of one of concernenterprises developed e.g. the SAU-32 auto-matic control system for Ka-32A11BC's. TheSAU-32 system is designed to manage man-ual, automatic, and automated piloting of theKa-32A11BC helicopter. SAU-32 enables afirst category manual approach using ILSsignals, provides an automated flight route,collects and releases information in the elec-tronic display system, and utilizes built-incontrols while in flight and on the ground.

Over the past three fire seasons in Portugal,the Ka-32A11BC helicopters have helped to

september 2016 in this publication–урналы/2016... · modern mi-28n attack helicopters,...

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