separation of mixtureswednesday, october 28, 2015
TRANSCRIPT
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Separation of Mixtures
Thursday, April 20, 2023
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Separation of Mixtures Identify the ways in which
magnetic attraction filtrationevaporationdistillation paper chromatography
can be used to separate mixtures.
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Separation of Mixtures
Mixtures are matter that are made up of two or more compounds and/or elements.
They can be usually be separated.
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Solution
Homogeneous mixture containing dissolved particles. (0.1–2.0 nm in diameter)
Example: Mineral water
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Colloid A homogeneous mixture containing particles with
diameters in the range 2–500 nm
Examples: Skin lotion, milk
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Suspensions
mixtures with even larger particles, but they are not true solutions because they separate upon standing.
Examples: Sambal Nasi Lemak, Orange Juice
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Solute & Solvent
Solute: the dissolved substance in a solutionSolvent: the major component in a solution
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Kinds of Solutions
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Separation of Mixtures
Techniques
Magnetic
Attraction
Filtration
Paper
Chromatography
Distillation
Evaporation
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Separation of MixturesMagnetic Attraction
Separating mixtures containing magnetic material like iron, cobalt and nickel.
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Separation of Mixtures
Evaporation
Separating mixture of dissolved solids from a liquid.
Heat is applied to quicken evaporation but NOT to cause decomposition.
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Separation of Mixtures
Filtration
Separating mixture of un-dissolved solids from a liquid.
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Some Filtration Systems
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Filtration diagram
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Separation of Mixtures
Distillation
Separating liquid-liquid mixtures of different boiling points.
Temperature tells the type of vapour that is entering the condenser.
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Laboratory Distillation Setup
Stone chips are added into the liquid to allow
even and uniform boiling
Cold and hot water enters from the bottom and top of the condenser respectively.
Water will gain heat as vapour condenses. Warmer water is less
effective in condensing vapour
Thermometer at the entrance of the
condenser indicates the
boiling point of the type of vapour
entering it
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Whiskey distillery
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FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
Used in refineries to separate crude oil into its different components
Based on difference in boiling point. Products include: Natural Gas, Kerosene,
Gasoline, Diesel, Diesel Oil
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Less Dense Component
Denser Component
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Separation of Mixtures
Paper Chromatography
Identify the type of substances in a mixture.
Each substance has a different solubility in a common solvent.
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(1) Mixtures added at the
base line
(2) Paper dipped into solvent for mixtures
(3) Component will run along
paper as it dissolves in
solvent
Components of Essential Oils are separated
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Separation of Mixtures
What are the components in mixture X?
RedX Yellow BlueX Contains Red and Yellow Components
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Separation of Mixtures
How do you separate a mixture of salt, sand and iron?
Salt
Salt
Salt
Iron
IronIronN S
Sand
Sand
Sand
•Magnetic attraction to get iron filings
•Add water to dissolve salt
•Filter to get sand residue
•Evaporate filtrate to get salt
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Separation of Mixtures
Conclusion 5 simple methods of separating mixtures. Different methods for components of mixtures
with different properties. Separating mixtures produces better
understanding of mixture. Man can produce useful mixtures/components
from raw components/mixtures.