seminar on solar energy

7/27/2019 Seminar on Solar Energy

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30 July 2013Prepared by: Rustom Hannes (Elec. Eng)1

Lecture on Solar Energy


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What is solar Energy? It is a green energy

Works with solar panels which are eco-friendlyelectric generators

Solar panels generate free power from the sun byconverting sunlight to electricity with no movingparts, zero emissions, and no maintenance. Thesolar panel, the first component of an electric

solar energy system, is a collection of individualsilicon cells that generate electricity from sunlight.The photons (light particles) produce an electricalcurrent as they strike the surface of the thinsilicon wafers


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Types of Solar panels Monocrystalline solar panels

The most efficient and expensive solar panels are made withMonocrystalline cells. These solar cells use very pure silicon and involvea complicated crystal growth process

they have the highest output for a given surface area and can last as

long as 25 years. Polycrystalline solar panels

Often called Multi-crystalline, solar panels made with Polycrystallinecells are a little less expensive & slightly less efficient thanMonocrystalline cells because the cells are not grown in single crystalsbut in a large block of many crystals.

cells are sliced from a cast silicon block and have an appearance

of shattered glass. they have a lower efficiency but they

have a similar life span to the monocrystalline types while

sometimes being a bit cheaper per watt

Amorphous solar panels

These are not really crystals, but a thin layer of silicon deposited on a

base material such as metal or glass to create the solar panel


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Site survey for PV panels

Points to be considered in site selection:

Shading and shadowing in solar panels

Temperature and wind loading considerations

Types of solar array mountings

fixed mountingAdjustable mounting

Tracking


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http://www.freesunpower.com/solarhome.php


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Mounting direction for PV panels most of the time orientation of the solar panels is done based on

the study of the maximum the panel can meet the sunlight

in Eritrea typical orientation is around 15 to 30 degrees due south


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Important element of Solar Energy System

PV panels

Batteries

Charge Controller Inverter

DC Cable


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1. Solar Panels

Photovoltaic (PV) panels convert sunlight directly into

electricity.2. True Sine Wave Inverter 12, 24 and 48 Volt

True sine wave inverters

manufactured to exacting standards to produce clean AC power

from a DC power source. What level of quality? The AC output

from a true sine wave inverter meets or exceeds grid power

specifications with very low harmonic distortion.


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300 Watt 24 Volt DC to AC Inverter
http://www.batterystuff.com/inverters/PST-30S-24.htmlhttp://www.batterystuff.com/inverters/PST-60s-24.htmlhttp://www.batterystuff.com/inverters/PST-30S-24.html


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3.Charge Controller


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Why a Charge Controller is necessary?

Since the brighter the sunlight, the more voltage the solar cells

produce, the excessive voltage could damage the batteries. Acharge controller is used to maintain the proper charging voltage on

the batteries. As the input voltage from the solar array rises, the

charge controller regulates the charge to the batteries preventing

any over charging. Modern multi-stage charge controllers Most

quality charge controller units have what is known as a 3 stage

charge cycle that goes like this :
http://www.freesunpower.com/solarpanels.phphttp://www.freesunpower.com/solarpanels.php


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Load analysisA quick and easy load analysis can be done by looking at

an electric bill. You may find energy usage from 5kWHour to 30kWHour per day, depending on the type of

electric appliances used. If you are interested in lowering

your electric bill, it will pay to look into more efficient

lights and appliances. If you are looking to meet all ormost of your needs with a solar electric system, you will

almost certainly have to eliminate huge loads like electric

water heaters and ovens. Tools and pumps are not a

problem because they are not on for long periods of

time.


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Solar Electrical System Sizing Information

To begin sizing a solar electrical system, you need to determine

your power consumption demands Make a list of the appliances and/or loads you are going to run from

your solar electric system

Find out how much power each item consumes while operating.

Calculate your AC loads

Calculate your DC loads


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Solar Battery Sizing Sheet

To Calculate Solar Battery Bank Sizing


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The first decision you have to make is how much storage youwould like your battery bank to provide

Often this is expressed as "days of autonomy" because it is

based on the number of days you expect your system

you should also consider your usage pattern and the critical

nature of your application.


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Solar Panel WiringIn order to get the desired voltage and current solar panel

wiring system is very important


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Thank you


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seminar on solar energy

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