Seerah of The Seerah of The Prophet Prophet Peace be upon himPeace be upon him

MuhammadMuhammadThe Messenger of AllahThe Messenger of Allah

The Message

Read! In the Name of your Lord Who has created (all that exists).

He has created man from a clot (a piece of thick coagulated blood).

Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous.

Who has taught (the writing) by the pen.

He has taught man that which he knew not.

The First RevelationThe First Revelation

العلق

Interruption of Revelation

صلى • الله رسول حزن حتى ، فترة الوحي وفتروسلم . عليه الله

• : البخاري: المحدث عائشة الراوي

• Narrated 'Aisha: (the mother of the faithful believers): ….the Divine Inspiration was also paused for a while, until it saddened the Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him). Al-Bukhari

• Ibn Hajar said: ‘That (the pause of Allah's revelation for a few days) was to relieve the Messenger of Allah of the fear he experienced and to make him long for the Revelation.

• Most likely lasted for 6 months (some say 40 days).

Resumption of Revelation

• ، الوحي فترة عن يحدث وهو ، قال األنصاري الله عبد بن جابر أنحديثه : في ، فقال السماء من صوتا سمعت إذ أمشي أنا بينا

كرسي على جالس بحراء جاءني الذي الملك فإذا ، بصري فرفعتزملوني : فقلت فرجعت ، منه فرعبت ، واألرض السماء بين

قوله : } . - إلى فأنذر قم المدثر أيها يا تعالى الله فأنزل ، زملونيوتتابع- { الوحي فحمي فاهجر البخاري . والرجز

• Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah: That he heard Allah's Apostle describing the period of pause of the Divine Inspiration, and in his description he said, "While I was walking I heard a voice from the sky. I looked up towards the sky, and behold! I saw the same Angel who came to me in the Cave of Hira', sitting on a chair between the sky and the earth. I was so terrified by him that I fell down on the ground. Then I went to my wife and said, 'Wrap me in garments! Wrap me in garments!' They wrapped me, and then Allah revealed: "O you, (Muhammad) wrapped-up! Arise and warn...and desert the idols." (74.1-5) Abu Salama said....Rujz means idols." After that, the Divine Inspiration started coming more frequently and regularly.

The MessageO you enveloped (wrapped) in

garments!

Arise and warn!

And magnify your Lord!

And purify your garments!

And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the

idols)!

Nor expect, in giving, any increase (for

yourself)!

And be patient for the sake of your

Lord!

المدثر

The MessageO you enveloped (wrapped) in

garments!

Arise and warn!

And magnify your Lord!

And purify your garments!

And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the

idols)!

Nor expect, in giving, any increase (for

yourself)!

And be patient for the sake of your

Lord!

المدثر

Call for work and effortCall for work and effort““Rise!” Rise!”

Call for work and effortCall for work and effort““Rise!” Rise!”

The MessageO you enveloped (wrapped) in

garments!

Arise and warn!

And magnify your Lord!

And purify your garments!

And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the

idols)!

Nor expect, in giving, any increase (for

yourself)!

And be patient for the sake of your

Lord!

المدثر

Call for dedication to Call for dedication to Allah and TawheedAllah and Tawheed

““Allah u Akbar”Allah u Akbar”

Call for dedication to Call for dedication to Allah and TawheedAllah and Tawheed

““Allah u Akbar”Allah u Akbar”

The MessageO you enveloped (wrapped) in

garments!

Arise and warn!

And magnify your Lord!

And purify your garments!

And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the

idols)!

Nor expect, in giving, any increase (for

yourself)!

And be patient for the sake of your

Lord!

المدثر

في oُثqعq oب qي ل الميت أن الحديُث وفي . سورة وفي rأعماله في أي rه ثياب

وقيل قلبك أي فqَطqهtر qك qاب rي وث المoدtثرطاهر فالن oقال وي قيل qصلrح فأ عملك

النفس بَطهارة oوصفوُه إذا الثيابالعيب عن (.والنزاهة العرب ) لسان

The MessageO you enveloped (wrapped) in

garments!

Arise and warn!

And magnify your Lord!

And purify your garments!

And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the

idols)!

Nor expect, in giving, any increase (for

yourself)!

And be patient for the sake of your

Lord!

المدثر

Call for purification from Call for purification from all physical and spiritual all physical and spiritual

filth and impuritiesfilth and impurities

Call for purification from Call for purification from all physical and spiritual all physical and spiritual

filth and impuritiesfilth and impurities

The MessageO you enveloped (wrapped) in

garments!

Arise and warn!

And magnify your Lord!

And purify your garments!

And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the

idols)!

Nor expect, in giving, any increase (for

yourself)!

And be patient for the sake of your

Lord!

المدثر

Call for abandoning all Call for abandoning all Shirk and Sins that lead to Shirk and Sins that lead to

Allah’s wrathAllah’s wrath

Call for abandoning all Call for abandoning all Shirk and Sins that lead to Shirk and Sins that lead to

Allah’s wrathAllah’s wrath

األوثان وعبادة القذر ج~ز والر� ج~ز tالر) العرب ) لسان ك ر~ tوالش والعذاب

The MessageO you enveloped (wrapped) in

garments!

Arise and warn!

And magnify your Lord!

And purify your garments!

And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the

idols)!

Nor expect, in giving, any increase (for

yourself)!

And be patient for the sake of your

Lord!

المدثر

Call for Sincerity and Call for Sincerity and selflessness.selflessness.اإلخالصاإلخالص

Call for Sincerity and Call for Sincerity and selflessness.selflessness.اإلخالصاإلخالص

The MessageO you enveloped (wrapped) in

garments!

Arise and warn!

And magnify your Lord!

And purify your garments!

And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the

idols)!

Nor expect, in giving, any increase (for

yourself)!

And be patient for the sake of your

Lord!

المدثر

Call to practice patience Call to practice patience and be prepared for the and be prepared for the

hardship to come .hardship to come .

Call to practice patience Call to practice patience and be prepared for the and be prepared for the

hardship to come .hardship to come .

The MessageO you enveloped (wrapped) in garments!Arise and warn!And magnify your Lord!And purify your garments!And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the idols)!Nor expect, in giving, any increase (for

yourself)! And be patient for the sake of your Lord!

Patience and facing Patience and facing hardship and adversity.hardship and adversity.

Patience and facing Patience and facing hardship and adversity.hardship and adversity.

Hard work and relentless Hard work and relentless efforteffort

Hard work and relentless Hard work and relentless efforteffort

Dedication to Allah and Dedication to Allah and TawheedTawheed

Dedication to Allah and Dedication to Allah and TawheedTawheed

Purification from all Purification from all physical and spiritual filth physical and spiritual filth

and impuritiesand impurities

Purification from all Purification from all physical and spiritual filth physical and spiritual filth

and impuritiesand impurities

Abandoning all Shirk and Abandoning all Shirk and Sins that lead to Allah’s Sins that lead to Allah’s

wrathwrath

Abandoning all Shirk and Abandoning all Shirk and Sins that lead to Allah’s Sins that lead to Allah’s

wrathwrath

المدثر

Sincerity and selflessness.Sincerity and selflessness.Sincerity and selflessness.Sincerity and selflessness.

The way of life of the Prophet for the next 23 yearsThese meanings are present in Salah

The First Muslims

• Khadijah: – The first believer– The first Muslim to learn and perform Salah– Revelations were recited in her house– The strongest and earliest supporter of the Prophet

• : خديجة ذكر إذا وسلم عليه الله صلى النبي كان قالت عائشة عنتذكرها ما أكثر ما فقلت يوما فغرت قالت الثناء بأحسن عليها أثنى

خيرا الله أبدلني ما قال منها خيرا الله أبدلك قد الشدقين حمراءوقد وآستني منها كذبني إذ وصدقتني الناس بي كفر إذ بي آمنت

ولدها الله ورزقني الناس حرمني إذ - (... بمالها و البداية كثير ابنالنهاية(

The First Muslims

• Ali bin Abi Talib: – The first believer amongst children, 10 years old.– Raised in the house of the Prophet

• Zaid bin Haritha:– The freed slave and adopted son of the Prophet

• The Daughters of the Prophet:– Zainab, Ruqayah, Umm Kulthum, and Fatimah

The First Muslims

• Abu Bakr (Abdullah “Atiq” bin Abu Quhafah)– The first believer amongst free men.– A friend of the Prophet before revelation– A noble man, respected merchant in Quraysh.– Expert in Arabs’ Genealogy and History– Known for his noble character, generosity and

manners– 37 years old when he accepted Islam without

hesitation.– Most active in inviting people to Islam

The First Muslims

• Abu Bakr (Abdullah “Atiq” bin Abu Quhafah)• : وسلم عليه الله صلى النبي قال الدرداء أبي إليكم”... عن بعثني الله إن

“ وماله بنفسه وواساني صدق بكر أبو وقال كذبت البخاري... فقلتم• The Prophet said, "Allah sent me (as a Prophet) to you (people) but

you said (to me), 'You are telling a lie,' while Abu Bakr said, 'He has said the truth,' and consoled me with himself and his money."

• : وسلم عليه الله صلى الله رسول قال ك الخدري سعيد أبي من عن إنوماله صحبته في علي الناس . أم�ن أمتي من خليال متخذا كنت ولو بكر أبا

بكر التخذت اإلسالم خلة إال أبا• "No doubt, I am indebted to Abu Bakr more than to anybody else

regarding both his companionship and his wealth. And if I had to take a Khalil from my followers, I would certainly have taken Abu Bakr, but the fraternity of Islam is sufficient.."

The First Muslims

• Abu Bakr moves with the call to Islam

– the First Group of Abu Bakr:

• Uthman bin Affan (34 yo) عفان بن عثمان

• Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas (17 yo) وقاص أبي بن سعد

• Abdur-Rahman bin Awf (30 yo) عوف بن الرحمن عبد

• Az-Zubayr bin Al-Awwam (12 yo) العوام بن الزبير

• Talha bin Ubaydellah (13 yo) الله عبيد بن طلحة

The First Muslims

• Abu Bakr continues his calling to Islam:

• Sa’id bin Zaid زيد بن سعيد

• Abu Ubaydah الجراح بن عبيدة ابو

• Al-Arqam األرقم أبي بن األرقم

• Uthman bin Math’un مظعون بن عثمان

• Ubayda bin Al-Harith عبد بن الحارث بن عبيدةالمَطلب

• Abu Salamh سلمة أبو

The First Muslims

• Suhaib bin Sinan (Ar-Rumi) الرومي سنان بن صهيب

• Abdullah bin Jahsh جحش بن الله عبد

• Ammar bin Yaser ياسر بن عمار

• Abdullah bin Mas’ud مسعود بن الله عبد

• Bilal bin Rabah رباح بن بالل

• Mus’ab bin Umair عمير بن مصعب

• Others..

The First Muslims

• The Secret Phase: 3 years– Selective Da’wah, people who are likely to

respond.– Mostly chosen for their character and noble

manners– A mixture of the elite in Quraysh and the poor – Forty men and women, mostly from Quraysh– Those were the dedicated and truthful early

community of Sahaba (As-Sabiqoon)

The First Muslims

• The Secret Phase: 3 years– Secrecy of Da’wah: Important to protect the few

Muslims until their belief is strong enough to face the onslaught of Quraysh.

– Salah was ordained from the very beginning. (Tabari)

– Quran was received with understanding and deep contemplation.

– Early revelation focused on Tawheed and Creed.

The House of Al-Arqam

– Headquarter of Early Islamic teaching.

• Learning directly from the Prophet

• Learning and studying in groups.

• Establishing the sense of community and companionship.

The House of Al-Arqam

– The smart choice of the house:• Al-Arqam was not known to be a Muslim or

among the closest people to the Prophet.• Al- Arqam was young (16 yo) and unlikely to be

the host of such an important group.• Al-Arqam is from Makhzoom, which is known

for its enmity to the new religion.• Location on the Safa is isolated from the rest of

houses in Mecca and easy to access undetected

The First Muslims

• The Secret Phase: 3 years– Quraysh did not pay much attention initially to the

call of Islam. (they thought that Muhammad was merely a religious outcast like Quss bin Sa‘idah, ‘Amr bin Nufail and their ilk)

– Quraysh started paying more attention as Islam started spreading and the followers adhere to the leadership and teachings of the Prophet

– Quraysh was alarmed by the content of the message that threatened their way of life and social order.

Uthman bin Math’un

Islam is spread in most clans of QurayshIslam is spread in most clans of Quraysh

The First Muslims

By Al-‘Asr (the time).Verily, man is in loss,Except those who believe and

do righteous good deeds, and recommend one another to the truth, and recommend one another to patience.

Characteristics of the First MuslimsCharacteristics of the First Muslims

Faith/SincerityFaith/Sincerityاإليمان اإليمان اإلخالص اإلخالص

Faith/SincerityFaith/Sincerityاإليمان اإليمان اإلخالص اإلخالص

Righteous DeedsRighteous Deedsالصالح الصالح العمل العمل

Righteous DeedsRighteous Deedsالصالح الصالح العمل العمل

Supporting Each Supporting Each otherother

Supporting Each Supporting Each otherother

PatiencePatienceالصبرالصبر

PatiencePatienceالصبرالصبر

The First Muslims

Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. And those who are with him are strong against disbelievers, and merciful among themselves. You see them bowing and falling down prostrate (in prayer), seeking Bounty from Allah and (His) Good Pleasure.

Characteristics of the First MuslimsCharacteristics of the First Muslims

HumblenessHumblenessالخشوعالخشوع

HumblenessHumblenessالخشوعالخشوع

MercyMercyالرحمةالرحمةMercyMercyالرحمةالرحمة

Prayers/Du’aPrayers/Du’aالدعاءالدعاء

Prayers/Du’aPrayers/Du’aالدعاءالدعاء

Remembrance of Remembrance of AllahAllah

العبادة و العبادة الذكر و الذكر

Remembrance of Remembrance of AllahAllah

العبادة و العبادة الذكر و الذكر

الفتح

The First Muslims

And by the Mercy of Allah, you dealt with them gently. And had you been severe and harsh-hearted, they would have broken away from about you; so pass over (their faults), and ask (Allah's) Forgiveness for them; and consult them in the affairs. Then when you have taken a decision, put your trust in Allah, certainly, Allah loves those who put their trust (in Him).

MercyMercyالرحمةالرحمةMercyMercyالرحمةالرحمة

عمران آل

The First Muslims

Verily, there has come unto you a Messenger from amongst yourselves (i.e. whom you know well). It grieves him that you should receive any injury or difficulty. He is anxious over you (to be rightly guided); for the believers (he is) full of pity, kind, and merciful.

MercyMercyالرحمةالرحمةMercyMercyالرحمةالرحمة

التوبة