sdg7.bangkok.session2.radia sedaoui.escwa

Economic And Social Commission For Western Asia

Bangkok, 21June 2016

MAINSTREAMING APPROPRIATE GREEN TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING RURAL LIVELIHOOD OF RURAL COMMUNITIES IN ESCWA REGION

SeminaronSupportingSustainableDevelopmentGoal7,Target7.1“By2030ensureuniversalaccesstoaffordable,reliableand modernenergyservices”

OrganizedbyUNDESA,UNESCAPandUNOSDincooperationwithUN-EnergyandSE4ALL

Ms.RadiaSedaouiChiefEnergySection,SustainableDevelopmentPoliciesDivision

Session2:TECHNOLOGIESFORPROVIDINGACCESSTOAFFORDABLE,RELIABLE,ANDMODERNENERGYSERVICESESCWA/IRENA)

© Copyright 2014 ESCWA. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation in all its property may be used or reproduced in any form without a written permission

Table of Content

• Green Technology for Rural Sustainable Development

• Energy Access in Rural communities

• Problem Analysis

• The Need for Modern Energy Technologies

• Appropriate & Available Renewable Energy Technology (RET)

• Solution Approach

• Methodology for practitioners

• Challenges for RET Dissemination


Green technology for Rural Sustainable Development

The role of technology in the achievement of SD has been acknowledged on different global agendas.

• Agenda 21 (Earth Summit, Rio, 1992) was a first to recognize technology as one of the “means of implementation of SD” (enforced both in the JPOI, Rio+10, 2002, and “The Future we Want”, RIO+20, 2012);

• Millennium Declaration/MDGs (2000) also recognized the role of technology though it was monitored through ICT.

• Post 2015/SDGs: role of technology is established with 7 of the 17 SDGs explicitly including targets on technology.


Energy Access in Rural communities

• 1.1 billion people are without access to electricity globally: 18.5% of the earthpopulation. Most of these live in rural areas.

• More than 2.9 billion people rely on the traditional use of biomass for cooking.

• Many countries in the Arab region are not able to provide adequate energy services fora significant portion of their population.

• 12% of Arab population or 54 million people (excluding South Sudan) have no access tothe electrical grid, and about 48 million people are relying on biomass for cooking.

• Lack of energy services aggravates the cycle of extreme poverty in the rural areas, andsome peri-urban locations, resulting in poor social and economic conditions.

• Women and children suffer the most from the limited access to energy services; health,safety, and environmental problems usually associated with the use of inefficient solidfuels in households.


Problem Analysis

43%ofArabPopulationliveinruralareas

- Growingpopulation- Increasingaridity

Growingwaterscarcity- Insufficient&unequal

nationalsupport

- Migration- Poverty

- Socio-economicmarginalization

- Shortageinmodernenergysupply- Unsustainableenergyresources:biomassandlowgradefossilfuels

GreenTechnologyApplicationcouldimprovesocio-economicsituationthrough:ü EnhanceinfrastructureüProvideaddedvalueservicesüCreateemploymentopportunitiesüMinimizefinancialandtechnicalburdenofenergyproductionüPreservetheenvironment


The Need for Modern Energy Technologies

• Most rural communities in low and middle income Arab countriesstill rely on biomass tomeet their energy needs.

• There are a number of promising energy options for increasingclean and modern energy supplies even in very remote areas,ranging from more efficient use of traditional fuels to modernrenewable energy technologies (RET) based on renewable energyresources.

• Renewable energy technologies are tools to address many pressingdevelopment needs in rural areas, including:

üEnhancedinfrastructureüProvideaddedvalueservicesüCreateemploymentopportunitiesüMinimizefinancialandtechnicalburdenofenergyprocurementüPreservetheenvironment


What is “Appropriate” Green Technology?

1. Theenergyefficiencyofthesystem.

2. Availabilityofenergyatthemomentwhenitisneeded.Intermittentpower,Implementation:

Easierindispersed, off-gridModularitymayfacilitatedeployment:

minimizerisks

3. Needtoavoid"locked in"atechnologicalsolution thatbecomesobsolete later-on


1. Wind Energy:– Waterpumping;– Electricity;

2. Solar Power:– Dryingcrops;– Heatingwater(solarheaters);– Generatingelectricity(photovoltaic

"PV"systems);3. Small-scale dams:

– Usedtostorewater,– Coupledwithhydropowerunitsto

generateelectricity;4. Biomass:

– Improvedcookstoves;– Digesters.

AvailableAppropriateGreenTechnologies(AGTs)inruralareasoftheESCWAregion


By adopting Appropriate Green Technologies

to

enhance productivity of the income generating activities in the rural productive sectors,

the technologies will be in tune with market forces

and

rural communities will play an active role in contributing to the financing of these

technologies.

Conjecture

4


MarketForcesarenotalignedwithruraldisposableincome

=Marketfailure

ShiftfocusfromRETsupplychaintovaluechainsintheruralproductivesectors

Solution Approach


• “ValueChains”Analyzevaluechainsoffarmingandnon-farmingincomegeneratingactivities;

• Energyperspective:CurrentproductionprocessesAnalyzeprocessesforpotentialproductivityimprovementusingenergyinput;assessenergyneed;identifyappropriateRET(locallyavailableandsoundfromabusinessperspective).

Methodologyforpractitioners


• Existenceof“ValueChains”;

• Energyperspective:Currentproductionprocesses;

• Implemented:– Jordan,Morocco,Sudan,andTunisia.

Methodology


Fromprocesses…Production&consumption:Flows

Upstream

Downstream

4


…toValueChains

14Ref:http://www.urbantactics.org/projects/rurban/rurban.html

Production&consumption:Flows…+networksandcycles

4


Challenges to RET dissemination

Failureoftheemergenceofamarket-drivenRETdissemination inmostruralareasin

theArabregioncanbeattributedtoseveralfactors,mainly:

v Potentialbuyerslackinformation onvalueofenergyservicesandprospective

investorsonRETapplications

v Dispersednatureofruralcommunities reducesmarketsize,Highupfront cost

ofmanyRET,

v Weaklocaltechnicalcapacity,

v Inadequateregulatoryandinstitutional frameworks,

v Lackof low-incomefinancingmechanisms.

Economic And Social Commission For Western Asia

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

sdg7.bangkok.session2.radia sedaoui.escwa

Documents