scrutinizing data collection methods wlingi
TRANSCRIPT
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Presented by Titin Andri Wihastuti
Introduction toData Collection in Nursing
Research
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Diferent Types o Datain the Community
• Opinions, priorities
• Aspirations, motivations
• Level o awareness,
knowlede, attitudes orbelies
• !ehaviors, pra"ti"es
• Assets, skills
•#etworks, asso"iations
• #eeds, ears, problems,"on"erns
• Demoraphi""hara"teristi"s
• $ervi"es or resour"es
provided
• %esident utili&ation oservi"es or resour"es
provided
• #umbers or rates odisease, illness, disability,in'uries
•
$ales transa"tions,pur"hases
• Poli"ies
• Pi"tures, other visuals
• (aps
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)uantitative vs* )ualitative Data
Quantitative:• Colle"ted in the orm o
numbers or per"entaes
• Closed+ended uestions
• Answers who-, what-,when- and where-
• Can demonstrate "auseand efe"t
• Can .represent/ apopulation
• Cannot "olle"t new ideasor responses, only those"onsidered ahead o time
Qualitative:• Colle"ted in the orm o
words, "on"epts,
themes, or "ateories• Open+ended uestions
• Answers how-, why-
• Can provide ri"her,more in+depth data
• Can provide data in arespondent0s own words
• Can e1plore new ideasin a dynami" andunstru"tured way
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2ow do we "olle"t34nd the data-
• $e"ondary data 5
Data someone else has "olle"ted
• Primary data 5
Data you "olle"t
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Data "olle"tion "hoi"e
• What you must ask yoursel5 – Will the data answer my resear"h
uestion-
• To answer that – 6ou mu"h 4rst de"ide what your
resear"h uestion is – Then you need to de"ide what
data3variables are needed tos"ienti4"ally answer the uestion
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Data "olle"tion "hoi"e
• 7 that data e1ist in se"ondary orm,then use them to the e1tent you "an,keepin in mind limitations*
• !ut i it does not, and you are able tound primary "olle"tion, then it is the
method o "hoi"e*
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$e"ondary Data 581amples o $our"es
• County health departments
• 9ital $tatisti"s : birth, death "erti4"ates
• 2ospital, "lini", s"hool nurse re"ords
• Private and oundation databases
• City and "ounty overnments
• $urveillan"e data rom state overnment
prorams• ;ederal aen"y statisti"s + Census, #72,
et"*
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$e"ondary Data 5 Limitations
• 7s the inormation e1a"tly what youneed -
– 7n some "ases, may have to use .pro1yvariables/ : variables that mayappro1imate somethin you reallywanted to measure* Are they reliable-
7s there "orrelation to what you a"tuallywant to measure-
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$e"ondary Data 5 Limitations
• What did you 4nd on the rustratin sideas you looked or data on the "ounty
health department0s websites -
• 7s the data set "omplete-
– There may be missin inormation on
some observations –
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$e"ondary Data 5 Limitations
• When was it "olle"ted- ;or how lon-
– (ay be out o date or what you want
to analy&e* – (ay not have been "olle"ted lon
enouh or dete"tin trends*
• Are there "onoundin problems-
– $ample sele"tion bias-
– $our"e "hoi"e bias-
– 7n time series, did some observations
drop out over time-
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$e"ondary Data 5 Limitations
• Are the data "onsistent3reliable-
– Did variables drop out over time-
– Did variables "hane in de4nitionover time-
• 8** number o years o edu"ation
versus hihest deree obtained*• #o need to reinvent the wheel*
– 7 someone has already ound the
data, take advantae o it*
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$e"ondary Data 5 Advantaes
• 7t will save your money*
– 8ven i you have to pay or a""ess, otenit is "heaper in terms o money than
"olle"tin your own data*
• 7t will save your time*
– Primary data "olle"tion is very time"onsumin*
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$e"ondary Data 5 Advantaes
• 7t may be very a""urate* – When espe"ially a overnment aen"y
has "olle"ted the data, in"redible
amounts o time and money went into it*7t0s probably hihly a""urate*
•
7t has reat e1ploratory value – 81plorin resear"h uestions and
ormulatin hypothesis to test*
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Primary Data 581amples o $our"es
• $urveys
• ;o"us roups
• )uestionnaires
• Personal interviews
•
Observational study• 81periments study
• 8t"*
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Primary Data 5 Limitations
• Do you have the time and money or5
– Desinin your "olle"tion instrument-
– $ele"tin your population or sample-
– Pre testin3pilotin the instrument towork out sour"es o bias-
– Administration o the instrument-
– 8ntry3"ollation o data-
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Primary Data 5 Limitations
•
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Primary Data 5 Advantaes
• The data are e1a"tly what you
need
• The data are hihly "ontrolled
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(a'or Types o Data Colle"tion (ethods
• $el %eport
• Observation• !iophysioloi" measures
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Dimensions o Data Colle"tionApproa"hes
• $tru"ture
• )uanti4ability
• %esear"her obtrusiveness
• Ob'e"tivity
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Types o $el+%eports
=* Lie histories
>* Think+aloud method?* Diaries and 'ournals
@* Criti"al in"idents interviews
* )+sortsB* 9inettes
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Types o $el+%eports "ont0d
E* ;o"us roups dis"ussion
F* 7nterviews 9. Questionnaire
=G*$"ale
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Phenomena Amenable to %esear"hObservation
• A"tivities and behavior
•Chara"teristi"s and "onditions oindividuals
• $kill attainment and perorman"e
• 9erbal and nonverbal"ommuni"ation
•
8nvironmental "hara"teristi"s
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!iophysioloi" (easures
7n vivo measurements
Perormed dire"tly within or on livinoranisms e**, blood pressuremeasures
7n vitro measurements Perormed outside the oranism0s
body e**, urinalysis
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8valuatin 81istin 7nstruments 581amples
• Does instruments measure what youwant to measure -
• 7s the instrument reHe"tive o your"on"eptual de4nition o the variable -
• 7s the instrument well "onstru"ted -
• 7s the readability level o the instrument
appropriate or your population -• What eviden"e is available related to
reliability and validity o the instrument -
• et"
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Choosin an instrument
AppropriatenessAppropriateness
ValidityValidity
ResponsivenessResponsiveness
PrecisionPrecision
InterpretabilityInterpretability
AcceptabilityAcceptability
ReliabilityReliability
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ReerencesReerences
!urns, #*, Irove, $* J*, >GG=* The pra"ti"e o!urns, #*, Irove, $* J*, >GG=* The pra"ti"e o#ursin resear"h 5 Condu"t, Critiue K#ursin resear"h 5 Condu"t, Critiue KGG@* Clini"al$tommel, (*, Wills, C* >GG@* Clini"al
%esear"h 5 Con"epts and Prin"iples or%esear"h 5 Con"epts and Prin"iples orAdvan"ed Pra"ti"e #urses* Philadelphia 5Advan"ed Pra"ti"e #urses* Philadelphia 5Lippin"ott Williams K WilkinsLippin"ott Williams K Wilkins
Polit, ;* D*, 2unler, P* !* >GG* #ursinPolit, ;* D*, 2unler, P* !* >GG* #ursin
%esear"h 5 Prin"iples and (ethods* %esear"h 5 Prin"iples and (ethods* thth
ed*ed*Philadel hia 5 Li in"ottPhiladel hia 5 Li in"ott
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