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The anterior triangle of the neck;

The borders:

1-the base: The holl inferior border of the mandible , The base ofthese triangle locate superiorly

2-the apex: located where the medial border will mix the lateralborder in the mid line in the jugular notch(suprasternal notch)-

the upper part of the sternum, the apex located inferiorly.

3-The anterior border: formed by Imaginary Midline crossing themiddle. Of thebody(mid-sagittal line)

4-The pos.border: will be the anterior border ofSCM(sternocledomastoid muscle in ant. Aspect of the neck).

So many structures find in this triangle so in order to simplifying its study we divide this triangle

into further four triangles => so we use manly two importantmuscles in this area:

-digastric muscle(one of the suprahyoid muscle. (ant,pos. bellies)

along with the sup. Belly of omohyoid muscle, those three bellies

of muscles are used to divide the anterior triangle into four

subtriangles:

1- subm

ental triangle: bellow them

ental area(bellow the chean?), smallest one, some anatomist considered this triangle as one

submental triangle, other texts as two triangles one to the right

and one to the left based on the mid-imaginary line, Borders of

this triangle:


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The lateral part is the ant.belly of dagastric ,the medial boundary

is mid.saggital line ,the base by the body of the hyoid bone.

The contents:a small group ofsubmental veins that unit to form a

larger vein in the superfacial fascia these vein is the ant.jugular

vein then it descends all the way down out of the triangle through

the neck to go and drain into external jugular vein at the root of

the neck bellow ,,, another thing we can find a group of lymph

nodes that responsible for draining of the lymph from the chean

(submental lymph nodes).

2- submandbular triangle(digastric triangle):digastrics because all

the digastric muscle contributing in this triangle, submandibular

because its bellow the mandible, one in each side, its containing a

large part of the submandibular salivary glands

Remember; we have three salivary glands one located sublingual

and the other two glands are parotid and submandibular(we canfind it in this triangle) so we classified the submandibular triangle

as glandular triangle.

The Boundaries:the lateral is the inferior border of the mandible,

the medile is the anterior belly of digastrics, posteriorly post. belly

of digastrics, the floor: is bond by two important muscles the flat

sheat that extends from the mandible to the mid-line which ismylohyoid muscle which represent the floor of the mouth any

thing above it will be in oral cavity and any thing bellow it will be in

the neck- the other muscle behind it, is-hyoglossis muscle (its


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one of the muscles responsible for moving of the tongue, base of

the tongue , -hyo- from hyoid bone and glotiss part of the tongue)

The contents:the submandibular gland which is the secend in size

from the major salivary glands, its sleeping in the pos.border of

mylohyoid muscle,part of this gland is located in the cervical

region-superfacialy- and the other smaller part of the gland is deep

within the oral cavity-above mylohyoid-so the superficial part of

submandibular gland located in the submandibular triangle, an

addition to the gland there are blood vessel, the vein and artery

located in the submandibular triangle are the fascia ones- facial

artery which providing blood supply to the face and the facial veins

draining the blood from the face, however; IF we look to their

relation to submandbular gland we can see the artery loops deep

to superficial part of that submandibular gland and the vein go to

superfacial aspect of the submandibular gland.

In the head and neck region the main blood supply comes from

thecommon carotid artery which divide into and internal go to

the brain,and external, the external carotid gives many branches

one of them is the fascialartery; the facial artery arise from the

ant. aspect of external carotid, when it arising there it passes deep

to pos.belly of digastrics and stylohyoid muscle (from the styloid

process to hyoid bone). As The fascial artery crossing the pos.belly

of digastric it will inter to submandibular triangle once the artery

inter it goes between the submandibular and the floor of the

triangle then the artery loops at the inferior border of the

mandible and ascends up into the face, at the looping area its

become very superficial so its very easily to feel the pulse of these

artery and this region we refer to it as facial pulse.


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-Three major areas to measure the pulse in the head and neck

region one of them is The lower border of the mandible.

- However; when the vein comes back it doesnt do all this looping

and deep, it pass directly all the way superficially to the gland and

descends down to drain into internal jugular .so its superficial vein.

3-carotid triangle(vascular triangle):carotid because it contains

the common carotid artery ,vascular because it contains the major

blood vessels carotid artery and internal jugular vein,so carotid

triangle classified as vascular area ,and in this triangle the common

carotid is divided into two major arteries:

1-internal carotid which goes all of the way up into the brain

2-external carotid which will leave the carotid sheet providing

blood supply to the outer areas(superfacial areas) of head and

neck.

4-muscular triangle: its a muscular area .

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