Name: Shahzaib SharifRoll# 28

Subject: Translation StudiesTopic: Screen Translation

Department of English Linguistics Government College University, Faisalabad

Talk Map:-1:What screen translation is?2:Diachronic View of Screen Translation Basic Terminology e.g. Media Translation, Audio Visual Translation,3:Subtitling4:Dubbing Vs Subtitling: evaluation5:Surtitling6:20th Century Challenges to ST7:Conclusion8:Summary

Screen Translation :-“the interlingual transfer of verbal language when it is transmitted and accessed both visually and acoustically, usually, but not necessarily, through some kind of electronic device.” ¨translations for any electronic appliance with a screen (i.e.TV; cinema; videogame console; GPS navigator; mobile phone etc.) Film translation Dialogue translation

Terms used for screen translation¨Audio visual translation¨Media translation ¨Ranges of Media translation: Television programmers’ Films, videos, video games, mobile phones CD-Rooms, DVDs Operas and plays

Audiovisual translation:-“[a] semiotic construct comprising several signifying codes that operate simultaneously in the production of meaning.” (Chaume 2004:16)

Films, plays, opera, video-games and hypertexts are examples of audiovisual products that are intended to be both seen and heard at the same time

Multimedia translation:- Multimedia products are both produced and consumed by means of several media. In other words, typical multimedia products such as a films and hypertexts, will be created through the implementation of diverse technological equipment (i.e. cameras, computers, software programs etc.) and subsequently consumed by end- users via some sort of electronic device such as a television; a computer screen

Subtitling Subtitling may be defined as a translation practice that consists of presenting a written text, generally on the lower part of the screen, that end eavours to recount the original dialogue of the speakers, as well as the discursive elements that appear in the image (letters, inserts, graffiti, inscriptions, placards, and the like), and the information that is contained on the soundtrack (songs, voices off). (Diaz Cintas, 2007)

Paradigms of Subtilting:-Interlingual same language other languages for deaf and hard of hearing immigrants, minorities

Technical parameters:-¨Open subtitles (viewer has no choice as to the presence of subtitles on screen) Closed subtitles (translation can be added to the programme at the viewer’s will)

Open Subtitle-Multilingual A clip of an animated English Movie with open and multilingual subtitles.

Closed Subtitle A clip showing the process of selection of closed/optional subtitles

Interlingual Subtitles A scene from a Hindi movie with English subtitles

Dubbing VS Subtitling Dubbing Subtitling Ten times expensive Ten times cheaper Time consuming long Quick process Spoils the original It doesn’t mess with voices; original, You can hear original film; original voices; It can reach audience Promotes the use of a with lower literacy rate foreign language13 who tend not to along with creating an understand the foreign interest in the foreign language culture.

Translation or Adaptation? It has to be understood that the subtitled text is not a proper translation, but rather a simple adaptation that preserves the general meaning of the original. Pommier (1988:22)

Constraints of Subtitling:-¨Overt form of translation (Gottlieb, 1992), i.e. it can be evaluated by those who know the source language of the voice track.¨Time SpaceSpatial Considerations:-¨Maximum of 2 lines¨Safe area¨Position on screen¨Background¨28 to 40 spaces per line¨Type of font Font size

Constraints of Dubbing:-¨phonetic synchrony, matching sounds and lip movements.matching the dubbing voice (timbre, tempo, etc.) and the original actors physique and manner and gestures. matching the semantic content of the original and dubbed script versions closely.

Surtitles (supertitles, supratitles):-¨Surtitles are relative newcomers on the international stage, first appeared in 1983 in Canada ¨They are rather like the interlingual subtitles provided on some foreign films Live performances: opera, concerts, musicals theatre conferences.

20th Century Challenges to ST & Conclusion:-¨Advent in digital technology and IT added speed and quality to subtitling and dubbing¨Improved access and choice of ST mode e.g. multilingual DVD, and digital TV closed subtitles¨Present and future researches focusing on machine translation and software development¨Linguistics, pedagogical, cultural, commercial and political issues in screen translation are being ignored

Interdisciplinary approach in research projects can solve the problem.

Conclusion:-

Summary:-¨Screen Translation¨Terms used for screen translation (Audio visual translation, Media translation)¨ Subtitling (Open & closed subtitling)¨Dubbing vs. Subtitles¨Surtitling¨Challenges of 20th Century Conclusion

The End

Thank you