Bell Ringer 2/18/2016You are a student in Germany in the early 1500s. You love to watch the changing phases of the moon and draw the star patterns at different times of the year. You’ve asked your teachers many questions. Why does the moon hang in the sky? Why do the stars move? But their answers don’t seem convincing to you.

How can you find the answers to your questions?

Scientific revolution

• The series of events that led to the birth of modern science!

• It occurred in Europe from 1540-1700 – same time as the Renaissance!!!

• People gained knowledge by studying the world around them and using logic to explain what they saw!

science• Science - comes from a Latin word meaning

knowledge or understanding.– Science starts with understanding- they observe

and look at the world– They use logic to explain what they have observed

• The explanations scientist develop to explain observed facts are called theories.

Astronomy • Ptolemy believed that the sun and planets

revolved around the earth • Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus authored

the book, Revolution of the Celestial Spheres– many people believe this book began the Scientific

Revolution • Copernicus knew that did not make much sense.

He believed the planets revolved around the sun.

Astronomy • Brahe was was an astronomer – he charted more

than 750 stars – he set an example by emphasizing careful observation and detailed accurate records. He was assisted by German astronomer Johannes Kepler.

• Kepler tried to map out the orbits of the planets- he discovered that the planets did not move into circular orbits but in oval orbits around the sun- scientist still use this theory today.

Astronomy • Galileo Galilee was the first person to study

the sky with a telescope- he saw craters and mountains on the moon and discovered that moons orbit Jupiter.

• Galileo was also interested in how falling objects behave. – He was the first scientist to set up experiments- he

is known for mechanics.

Sir Isaac Newton• The high point of the Scientific Revolution came

with the publication of Principia Mathematica– Some of his theories have been proven so now they

are called laws. • The law of gravity- this is the force that attracts

object to each other – This keeps the planets in orbit around the sun

Laws of motion • The other 3 laws of motion• This describes how objects

move in space. He went on to describe how the physical world worked. His laws became the foundation of nearly all scientific study until the 1900s.

New Inventions

• Microscope• Thermometer • Improved telescope- Galileo • Barometer- measures atmospheric pressure,

used to forecast temperature

Effects on society• The Scientific Revolution changed so much! • Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes helped shape

the scientific method – a step- by –step process for performing experiments and other scientific research

• Philosophers started thinking that observation and logic could explain problems such as war and poverty. – improve society– certain laws would govern human behavior.

Effects on Society • Science also created conflict because it raised

questions about church teachings. – Church leaders threatened Galileo with torture

unless he accepted the church’s belief that the earth did not move.

– He was put on house arrest for the rest of his life

Match It Up!!!• Francis Bacon a. planets move in elliptical or

oval orbit• Galileo Galilei around the sun

b. wrote Principia Mathematica; laws of gravity and motion

• Isaac Newton c. came up with the scientific method

• Nicolaus Copernicus d. claimed planets revolve around the sun

• Johanne Kepler e. first to study the sky with a telescope

Reading, Quiz, Paragraph1. Read and highlight the significant information

about the scientists in the Scientific Revolution.2. Complete the quiz on the back.3. Once you have completed the reading quiz, under

your notes, write a paragraph about which scientist had the greatest impact on the world.– Intro/Topic Sentence– 3 details – back up your topic– Conclusion