science: does it matter?
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SCIENCE: DOES IT MATTER?. Prof. Dr.Pieter J.D.Drenth, President All European Academies (ALLEA). Budapest Science Forum 2003 8-10 Nov. 2003. Science matters. Many present-day official statements stress the importance of science for our economic and social future, i.o.w.: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
SCIENCE: DOES IT MATTER?
Prof. Dr.Pieter J.D.Drenth, President All European Academies (ALLEA).
Budapest Science Forum 2003
8-10 Nov. 2003.
Science matters
Many present-day official statements stress the importance of science for our economic and social future, i.o.w.:
Stress the revelance of science
What is relevance of science?
* Relevance of science is a multidimensional concept, referring to diverging goals and concepts.
* Four types of relevance are proposed:
- intrinsic relevance: augmentation of body of knowledge, and educational function
- Instrumental relevance: practical tools and instruments
- Innovative relevance: new knowledge leading to innovative applications
- Contributive relevance: support for decision-making or policy development
Different types of knowledge
* Scientists should not become decision-makers; different roles and responsibilities
* Two types of knowledge should be distinguished:
(1) Solid knowledge which only needs political translation for use in policy decisions
(2) Incomplete, probabilistic and uncertain knowledge, direct extrapolations of which are full of risks
* Precondition for usefulness of all types of scientific knowledge: its independent nature.
Reasons for non-use of science
- Research results are contra-intuitive or contradict stereotypes
- Research repeatedly produces contradictory results
- No or insufficient knowledge available
- Science does not answer policy maker’s real questions
- Lack of willingness to accept research results
- Decision-making is more than pure application of facts and knowledge
Moral responsibility
* Scientists are led by scientific criteria; veracity is their main touchstone; freedom and independence are important conditions
* This does not preclude moral and social responsibility: choice of research subjects, conducting of experiments, application
* Science should take concern and apprehension of the public seriously
* Balance between freedom and responsibility: freedom in constraint