satellite products in the npp era

International EOS/NPP Direct Readout Meeting 2005

Satellite Products in the NPP Era

John M. Haas, The Aerospace Corporation

International EOS/NPP Direct Readout Meeting 2005 Satellite Products in the NPP Era2

NPOESS/NPP Data Products

Raw Data Records (RDRs)

– Similar to Level 1A for CEOS/NASA.

– ~ 150 giga bytes per day (similar to Terra or Aqua).

Sensor Data Records (SDRs)

– Similar to CEOS/NASA Level 1B

Environmental Data Records (EDRs)

– Similar to CEOS/NASA Level 2.

– NPP Provides 25 of 55 NPOESS EDRs.

VIIRS OMPS CrIS/ATMS CMIS SES GPSOS ERBS TSIS ALT

Flight on NPP

Flight on NPOESS

12 Mbps 3 Mbps

APS


NPP Overview - Instruments (1 of 2)

• Purpose: Land, ocean, atmospheric parameters at high temporal resolution

• Precursors: AVHRR, OLS, MODIS, SeaWiFS

• Developer: Raytheon• Approach: Multi-spectral

scanning radiometer, 3000 km swath width

• TRL: 6.5

• Purpose: Temperature and moisture profiles at high temporal resolution

• Precursors: HIRS, AIRS, IASI

• Developer: ITT

• Approach: Michelson interferometer, 2300 km swath width. Co-registered with ATMS

• TRL: 6.5

VIIRS CrIS


NPP Overview - Instruments (2 of 2)

• Purpose: Monitors total column, vertical ozone profile

• Precursors: TOMS, SBUV, GOME, OSIRIS, SCHIAMACHY, OMI

• Developer: Ball• Approach: Nadir and limb push

broom CCD spectrometers, 2600 km swath width

• TRL: 6.5

OMPS

• Purpose: Temperature and moisture profiles at high temporal resolution

• Precursors: AMSU, MHS

• Developer: Northrop Grumman

• Approach: Scanning passive microwave radiometer, 2300 km swath width. Co-registered with CrIS.

• TRL: 6.5

ATMS


Imager Comparison

Capability AVHRR OLS VIIRS

Imagery Resolution (km) 1-7 0.5-1.1 <0.4-0.8

# of Channels 6 3 >15

Low Light Visible No Yes Yes

Ocean Color No No Yes

Radiometric Performance 0.12 NA 0.05


AVHRR Channel 1 Nadir VIIRS Band M5 Nadir VIIRS Band I1 Nadir

AVHRR Channel 1 EOS VIIRS Band M5 EOS VIIRS Band I1 EOS

VIIRS Dramatically Improves Edge-of-Scan (EOS) Imagery

Nad

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f S

can


Snow/ ice surfa ces are rose to purple, low clouds areye llow, high (wat er) c louds range from yel low togreen, t hin c irrus over snow/ ice is ora nge, & vege tat edla nd is b lue. Thunder cloud is beli eve d t o be ora ngedue t o t he high re fl ecta nce in the visible and absorpti onin t he near IR of the ice conta ine d a t i ts upper levels.

This RGB composit e masks out snow ic e fiel dsmaking t hem the sa me color a s vegeta ted land. Landwhic h has a low amount of vegeta tion tends t o beaqua blue. Opti call y t hin c irrus ha s a deep bluishhue, lower le vel wa ter clouds appe ar greenish,opti call y thi ck cirrus are more golden to orange i ncolorat ion. Overshooting tops such as the t hundercloud appe ar orange i n c olora tion. .

Using this composit e one can dist inguish betwee nlowe r l evel cumulus a nd upper l evel ci rrus andsnow/ ice fi elds. Snow/i ce fiel ds a re blue from the0. 645 imagery. Opt ical ly-t hin c irrus ha s a yell ow-greenish-turquoi se hue, lower-level wat er clouds arerose t o white , overlaying mid-level wat er clouds areda rker blue. Veget ate d surfaces are re d i n c olorati on.

One c an dist inguish betwee n l ower level Cumulus anduppe r l evel C irrus and snow/i ce fiel ds. Snow/ ice fi eldsare olive-green, opt ical ly th in cirrus i s a deep blue-bl ackish over land and blue over ice, lower l eve l waterclouds are dark blue, vegetat ed regions t end t o bewhit e. Overshooting tops such as t he t hunderstormappear blac k with c learly de fined bounda ri es, andcel lular struc ture clearly visible.

This composi te all ows di stinct ion between lower l evelcumulus and upper level cirrus and snow/i ce fie lds.Snow/ ice fi elds are red, opti call y-thick ci rrus is gree nand t hin c irrus is a qua blue, lowe st l evel water cloudsappear dark purpl e, whi le middle level appear pink.Overshoot ing t ops from thunderstorms appea r yel lowwith lower cell ul ar structure being ora nge.

RGB (0.645, 1.38[1.88], 1.61)

RGB (BT11, BT8.6 , BT3.7 5)

RGB (1.61, Invert BT8.6, 0.645)

RGB (1.38[1.88], 1.61, 12.0)

RGB (0.645, 1.61, BT10.8./BT 12.0)

Multi-spectral Cloud Imaging VIIRS


Sea Surface Temperature and Vegetation Index (MODIS)


Nighttime Imagery DMSP


Ocean Color Bahamas MODIS


Cyclone Hudah MODIS


Comparison of CrIS and HIRS

• Number of Channels– HIRS – 20

– CrIS – 1300

• Sensor parameters

HIRS CrISScan type Step and dwell Step and dwellFOVs/Scan 56 steps 30 FOVs of 3x3 eachIFOR 1.3 x 1.3° 3.3 x 3.3 ° IFOV size at Nadir 10 km 14 kmSampling at Nadir 26 km 16 kmPixel/scan (FOVs x steps) 56 270 Swath + 49.5° + 48 1/3° each side of Nadir


Hyper-spectral infrared sounders, (e.g CrIS), will greatly improve the information content of atmospheric parameters such as moisture. Below is a comparison of moisture weighting functions from the current operational sounders and future advanced infrared sounders

More and sharper weighting functions result in much improved accuracy

Improved Sounders


Improved Vertical Resolution and Accuracy of Soundings

CrIS EDR performance corresponding to the Temperature and Moisture Profile animations for 11 sequential 6 hours forecasts beginning

on February 5, 1993 at 0600ZSimulated Comparison of CrIS and HIRS

Retrievalsto Truth

Tru

thC

rISH

IRS


Monitoring Ozone - OMPS


Summary

• NPOESS will produce 26 EDRs in the NPP era• Products will focus on Imagery, atmospheric profiles, clouds and

Ozone• Products will be available from NOAA and NASA once approved• Data will be broadcast real time in X band• NPP will bridge the gap between current systems and NPOESS

– Opportunity to see the data early

– Opportunity to begin to exploit the data early

satellite products in the npp era

Documents

upper level cirrus

lower level water clouds

lowerlevel water clouds

snowice fields

lower level cumulus

lowest level water clouds

midlevel water clouds

middle level