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Training Purpose

Types of Ethernet (Standard, Fast, Kilomega)

Auto-negotiation technology (Auto- Negotiation)

Intelligent identification of network cable(Auto-MDIX)

Flow control technology (Flow-Control)

Port aggregation

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problem of Ethernet

connection

Increase the overall network bandwidth

Build switched Ethernet, and use bandwidthexclusively.

Increase link rate, 10M-100M-1000M

Decrease the number of equipment

attached to the same shared medium andreduce users

Two methods to increase bandwidth for users:

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Standard Ethernet

Module classification Network positioning

Access layer The connection between end users and the access layer switch

distribution layer Not used generally

Core layer Not used generally

The network positioning of Standard Ethernet(10Mbit/s)

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Moduleclassification

Network positioning

Access layer Not used generally

Distribution layer Provide high-speed connection between the access layerand the distribution layer

Core layer Provide high-speed connection between the distributionlayer and high-speed server, Provide high-speed connection

between core facilities.

Kilomega Ethernet

The network positioning of Kiolmega Ethernet(1000Mbit/s)

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TechnologyStandard

Types of cable Transmissiondistance

1000BaseT 4 pairs of copper EIA/TIA5 (UTP) unshielded twisted pair 100m

1000BaseCX Copper unshielded twisted pair 25m

1000BaseSX Multi-mode fiber, 50/62.5um fiber, use laser with wavelengthof 850nm

550m/275m

1000BaseLX Single-mode fiber, 9um fiber, use laser with wavelength of1300nm

2km-15km

Kilomega Ethernet

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Auto-Negotiation

100Mb/s Full Duplex100Mb/s Auto-Negotiation

10Mb/s Auto-Negotiation

10Mb/s Full Duplex

10Mb/s Half Duplex

port 1 Auto-Negotiation



port 4 Auto-Negotiationport 5 Auto-Negotiation

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-Message

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

0 0 00 0 1

Message Type

Ethernet =00001

10BASE-T half duplex10BASE-T full duplex

100BASE-TX half duplex

100BASE-TX full duplex

100BASE-T4

Flow controlRemote failure indication

Acknowledgement

Next page indication

Reserved

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Auto-Negotiation Signal

Clock DataBit0 Clock Data Bit 1 Clock Clock

About 2ms

About 100ns About 62.5us

The whole frame repeats at an interval of 16ms,

until the auto-negotiation is finished.

Data Bit 13 Data Bit 14

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onnec w equpmen w ouauto-negotiation mechanism

If not use the auto-negotiation mechanism, thefollowing problems will arise:

cannot realize the auto dual-rate configurationfunction of the port (such as 10Mbit/s and100Mbit/s)

cannot confirm the operation mode of duplex

cannot confirm whether it's in need of theflow-control function or not

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Precedence Operation mode

A 100BASE-TX full duplex

B 100BASE-T4

C 100BASE-TX

D 10BASE-T full duplex

E 10BASE-T

Auto-Negotiation Priority

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-Fiber

For the optical fiber Ethernet, the conclusion is:

The operation modes at two ends of the linkmust be manually configured (speed, duplex

modes, flow-control and etc.) and it cannotcorrectly communicate if the configurations attwo ends are different.

The auto-negotiaton of Kilomega Ethernet has

been realized.

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It's unnecessary to know whether the other end of cable is MDI or MDIX equipment

Two kinds of cables (common, crossed) can be connected with exchange, HUB or NICequipment

Eliminate the connection faults caused by wrong arrangement of cablesSimplify the installation and maintenance of 10/100M network, and lower the cost

Receive Pair

TransmitPair

Transmit

Pair

Receive Pair

Transmit

Pair

Receive Pair

Transmit

Pair

Receive Pair

Direct ly l inked networkcable

Crossed networkcable

Identification

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Flow Control

When the flow passing through an switch portis too huge to be successfully handled, portcongestion will occur. The function of flowcontrol is to prevent frames from being lost in

the case of congestion.In the half duplex mode, the flow control isachieved by backpressure technology, whichsimulates to generate collisions and decrease

the send rate of information source.In the full duplex mode, the flow controlgenerally abides by standard IEEE 802.3x.

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Full Duplex Flow Control

IEEE802.3x standard defines a new method torealize the flow control in the full duplexenvironment. The switch generates a PAUSEframe which uses a reserved multicast

address: 01-80-C2-00-00-01 and sends it to thetransmitting station. When the station receivesthe frame, it will pause or stop transmitting.

PAUSE frame uses a reserved multicast

address which wouldn't be repeated by bridgeor switch. Then the PAUSE frame will generateno additional messages.

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Full Duplex Flow Control

The situations in which PAUSEfunction is used:

a pair of terminals (simple two-point network)

an switch and a terminal

the link between two switches

PAUSE function cannot resolve thefollowing problems:

Network congestion in steady state

End-to-end flow control

Mechanismmore complex than the simple "stop-start" mechanism

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Definition of Port aggregation

Port aggregation is also called port binding, portconvergence or link convergence.

Provide the switch with the port aggregation

technology, and allow two switches to transferdata through parellel connection of two or moreports to provide broader bandwidth.

Port aggregation is an advanced featuresupported by many switches at present.

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Port aggregation Model

H i g h e r - l a y e r P r o t o c o l s

TransmitRequestFrame

TransmitQueue Transmitparts

Frame

distributer

port 1 port 2 port 3 port n

S y s t e m A

H i g h e r - l a y e r P r o t o c o l s

ReceiveFrame

Receive Queue Receive parts

FrameReceiver

I n t e r f a c e

1

A g g r e g a t o r

U n i c a s tA d d r e s s

port 2

Trunking Aggregated

Links

S y s t e m

B

Porttransmitqueue

PortReceiveQueue

port 1 port 3 port n

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4 1 0 0M b / s

4 1 0 0M b / s

Server B Server C

Server D

2 1000Mb/s

210

00

Mb/s

2 100Mb/s

S er veA

210

0

Mb/s

1000 Mb/s

100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s

2 4 p o r t s ,

1 0 0 M b / s / p o r t

2 4 p o r t s ,

1 0 0 M b / s / p o r t

10Mb/s

10Mb/s

10Mb/s

10Mb/s

Port aggregation Application

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on gure e up ex

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on gure e up exoperation mode of a port

duplex{half | full | auto }(half duplex/fullduplex/speed auto-negotiation)

no duplex

Default:Auto

on gure e ow-con ro o

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flow-control Enable port flow-control

no flow-control Disable port flow-control

Default: Disable

on gure e ow con ro oa port

on gure e

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on gure estate of a port

mdi {across | auto | normal} (across/autoidentification/normal)

Default: Auto

C fi P t ti

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Configure Port aggregation

Configure port aggregation

link-aggregation port_num1 to port_num2 { ingress|ingress-egress }

Clear port aggregation

no link-aggregation {master_port_num | all}

sp ay urren or

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sp ay urren oraggregation Configuration

show link-aggregation [master_port_num]

Show the messages of all aggregation ports.

If no master port is specified, then show allaggregation ports.

Attention: Equipment at two ends of the physicalconnection should be both configured.

spa y or on gura on

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show interface [port_num]

port_num: Single Ethernet port, its expression is

port_num={ interface_type interface_number |interface_name }.

spa y or on gura onInformation

u en ca on o

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After we have correctly connected and configured aport, how can we authenticate the connectivity of th

network?We can use the PING command to authenticate it:

ping destination ip address

u en ca on oConnectivity

Brief S mmar

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Brief Summary

The chapter introduces various kinds ofEthernet links and port technologies and theport aggregation technology can be used to

increase transmission bandwidth.Having finished the study of the chapter, youare required to master the basic concepts ofeach technology and the problems they

resolve, and be able to implement portconfiguration.

sat04 port

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