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Saif al-Islam Gaddafi

Personal detailsBorn 25 June 1972

Tripoli, Libyan Arab Republic

Alma

mater

Al Fateh University

International Management Development

Consulting University

London School of Economics[1]

Profession Engineer[citation needed] Artist

ReligionIslam

Saif al-Islam GaddafiFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Saif al-Islam Gaddafi (Arabic: ,translated as "Sword of Islam"; born 25 June 1972) is aformer Libyan political figure. He is the second son of lateLibyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and his second wifeSafia Farkash. Al Jazeera described him as a part of his

father's inner circle,[2]performing public relations anddiplomatic roles on behalf of his father. He publicly turneddown his father's offer ofthe country's second highestpost and held no official government position. Accordingto American State Department officials in Tripoli, duringhis father's reign, he was the second most-widelyrecognized person in Libya and was at times the "de

facto" Prime Minister,[3] and was mentioned as a possible

successor, though he rejected this.[4] An arrest warrantwas issued for him by the International Criminal Court for

charges of crimes against humanity against the Libyan people, for allegedly torturing and killing civilians, [5] a

charge that he has denied.[6]

After the overthrow of the regime, Gaddafi was arrested on 19 November 2011 in southern Libya and flown toZintan byplane, where he continues to be detained.

Contents1 Education and career

1.1 Charity and Social Affairs

2 International diplomacy2.1 HIV trial2.2 Isratine proposal2.3 2008 agreement with Italy2.4 Compensation for American terror victims

2.5 Diplomacy for extraditing Libyans2.6 Stand-off with US officials3 Libyan civil war

3.1 Aftermath and capture4 Personal life

4.1 British society5 Links with the London School of Economics6 References7 External links

Education and career
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Saif al-Islam Gaddafi graduated with a bachelor of science degree in engineering science from Tripoli's Al Fateh

University in 1994. However, there is another report stating that he is an architect. [7] He earned an MBA fromVienna's IMADEC University in 2000.

His paintings made up the bulk of the international Libyan art exhibit, "The Desert Is Not Silent" (2002

2005),[8] a show which was supported by a host of international corporations with direct ties to his father's

regime, among them the ABB Group and Siemens.[9]

In 2008, Gaddafi was awarded a PhD degree from London School of Economics, for a thesis entitled "The roleof civil society in the democratisation of global governance institutions: from 'soft power' to collective decision-

making?"[10][11] Examined by Meghnad Desai (London School of Economics) and Anthony McGrew(University of Southampton), among the LSE academics acknowledged in the thesis as directly assisting with itwere Nancy Cartwright, David Held and Alex Voorhoeve (the son of former Dutch minister Joris Voorhoeve).Professor Joseph Nye of Harvard University is also thanked for having read portions of the manuscript and

providing advice and direction.[12][13] In a later investigation by Channel 4 News, they found that 6% of the

93,000-word thesis was copied from other sources.[14] Furthermore, allegations abound that Saif's thesis was inmany parts ghost-written by consultants from Monitor Group, which pocketed $3 million per year in fees from

Muammar Gaddafi.[15]

Speaking in Sabha on 20 August 2008, Gaddafi said that he would no longer involve himself in state affairs. He

noted that he had previously "intervene[d] due to the absence of institutions",[16] but said that he would nolonger do so. He dismissed any potential suggestion that this decision was due to disagreement with his father,saying that they were on good terms. He also called for political reforms within the context of the Jamahiriya

system and rejected the notion that he could succeed his father, saying that "this is not a farm to inherit". [16]

Charity and Social Affairs

Gaddafi was the president of the Libyan National Association for Drugs and Narcotics Control (DNAG). In

1998,[17] he founded the official charity, the Gaddafi International Foundation for Charity Associations, whichintervened in various hostage situations involving Islamic militants and the crisis of the HIV trial in Libya and theresulting European Union-Libyan rapprochement.

In 2009, both Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch were allowed entry to Libya, via Gaddafi's non-

profit organization in order to gather facts about the human rights situation in Libya.[18][19] While AI and HRWreported that there were concerns about the "repressive atmosphere," both felt there were signs of"improvement" and HRW said that one should not "underestimate the importance of the efforts made so far" by

Gaddafi in the realm of human rights in Libya.[20]

In December 2010, Gaddafi announced that his charity foundation "will no longer be involved in promotinghuman rights and political change in the north African country," and that instead, it "will focus on its "core

charitable mission" of delivering aid and relief to sub-Saharan Africa."[21]

International diplomacy

Gaddafi was instrumental in negotiations that led to Libya's abandoning a weapons of mass destruction

programme in 20022003. He arranged several important business deals on behalf of the Libyan regime in theperiod of rapprochement that followed. He was viewed as a reformer, and openly criticised the regime:[22]

[a] congressional aide asked him what Libya needed most. His one-word answer: democracy.
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"You mean Libya needs more democracy?" the aide asked.

"No. 'More democracy would imply that we had some," Gaddafi said.

In 2003, he published a report critical of Libya's record on human rights.

On 10 December 2004, shortly before a trip by Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin to Tripoli, in an interviewwith The Globe and MailGaddafi requested a formal apology from the Canadian government, for joining U.S.-

led sanctions against Libya after the Lockerbie bombing, and for denying him a student visa to study in Canadain 1997. His request was met with incredulity in Canada, and the Canadian government announced that noapology would be forthcoming.

HIV trial

Main article: HIV trial in Libya

Gaddafi admitted in interviews that the Bulgarian nurses charged with conspiring to deliberately infect over 400children with HIV in 1998 had been tortured and that the government had denied them a fair trial. His

admissions were said to have badly damaged his reputation in Libya.[3]

Isratine proposal

Saif introduced the Isratine proposal to permanently resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict through a secular,

federalist, republican one-state solution.[23] The first ever opinion poll survey to be undertaken in both Pakistaniand Indian-controlled Kashmir, conducted by King's College, London, and the polling organisation

IPSOS-MORI, was also Gaddafi's brainchild,[24] having arisen out of discussions he had with British academic

Robert Bradnock, the author of the 2010 Chatham House report on the survey. [25]

2008 agreement with Italy

Gaddafi was involved in negotiating compensation from Libya's former colonial power, Italy, and on 30 August2008 a Friendship, Partnership and Cooperation Agreement was signed in Benghazi by his father and Italy's

prime minister Silvio Berlusconi.[26] However, the treaty was unilaterally annulled by Italy at the beginning of

2011, after Italy refused to consider Gaddafi government as their interlocutor.[27]

Compensation for American terror victims

He was also negotiating with the United States in order to conclude a comprehensive agreement making anyfurther payments for American victims of terror attacks that have been blamed on Libya such as the 1986Berlin discotheque bombing, the 1988 Lockerbie bombing and the 1989 UTA Flight 772 bombing conditionalupon U.S. payment of compensation for the 40 Libyans killed and 220 injured in the 1986 United Statesbombing of Tripoli and Benghazi. On 14 August 2008, the U.S.-Libya Comprehensive Claims SettlementAgreement was signed in Tripoli. Former British Ambassador to Libya Oliver Miles described the agreement as"a bold step, with political cost for both parties" and wrote an article in the online edition ofThe Guardian

querying whether the agreement is likely to work.[28]

In an August 2008 BBC TV interview, Saif al-Islam Gaddafi said that Libya had admitted responsibility (but not"guilt") for the Lockerbie bombing simply to get trade sanctions removed. He further admitted that Libya wasbeing "hypocritical" and was "playing on words", but Libya had no other choice on the matter. According toGaddafi, a letter admitting "responsibility" was the only way to end the economic sanctions imposed on Libya.
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When asked about the $10m (5.3m) compensation that Libya was paying to each victims' family, he againrepeated that Libya was doing so because it had no other choice. He went on to describe the families of theLockerbie victims as "trading with the blood of their sons and daughters" and being very "greedy": "They were

asking for more money and more money and more money".[29]

Diplomacy for extraditing Libyans

Interviewed by French newspaperLe Figaro on 7 December 2007, Gaddafi said that the seven Libyansconvicted for the Pan Am Flight 103 and the UTA Flight 772 bombings "are innocent".[30] When asked if Libyawould therefore seek reimbursement of the compensation paid to the families of the victims (US$2.33 billion),

Gaddafi replied: "I don't know."[30] Gaddafi led negotiations with Britain for the release of Abdelbaset al-

Megrahi, the convicted Pan Am 103 conspirator.[22]

In 2007, Saif al-Islam Gaddafi met with French President Nicolas Sarkozy in Tripoli, with whom it is alleged he

helped broker an arms deal, including missiles.[31][32][33]

In November 2008, Gaddafi made a high-profile visit to the United States where he met with US Secretary of

State, Condoleezza Rice. During the meeting, Rice raised the case of Libya's jailed political dissident anddemocracy activist, Fathi El-Jahmi.[34] Writing in Forbes in 2009, Fathi's brother writes that "for nearly a year,both Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch hesitated to advocate publicly for Fathi's case, because

they feared their case workers might lose access to Libyan visas."[35]

Stand-off with US officials

In 2009, Saif al-Islam Gaddafi claimed that Libya's opinion of him was shaped largely by his role in Libya'sengagement with the West, saying "If something goes wrong, people will blame me, whether I am in a certain

official position or not." He expressed frustration with the US, saying Libya's decision to give up its Weapons ofMass Destruction programs was contingent upon "compensation" from the US, including the signing of the Tradeand Investment Framework Agreement, economic cooperation, and cooperation in purchasing conventionalweapons and military equipment. He stated, "We share rich natural resources oil and gas along the borders,et we have no capacity to defend that wealth." Because of a US legal embargo, Libya cannot purchase

weapons from the United States, Sweden, or Germany, and has been disallowed from buying "Tiger" vehicleswith American-manufactured engines from Jordan. He asked for greater military assistance, as Libya hadcommitted itself to destroying chemical stockpiles, but would require at least $25 million to do so. Gaddafi saidthe United States had "humiliated" his father during his visit to New York in 2009, and said that his father's tentand residence issues were disappointing and his UN speech had been misinterpreted. Gaddafi said that his

father was barred from visiting Ground Zero, which also frustrated him. Gaddafi held a standoff with US officialsin November 2009, refusing to send a shipment of Highly Enriched Uranium back to Russia unless the United

States renewed its commitment to cooperation with Libya.[36]

Libyan civil war

Further information: Libyan civil war

On 19 February, several days after the conflict began, Saif al-Islam Gaddafi announced the creation of a

commission of inquiry into the violence, chaired by a Libyan judge, as reported on state television. He statedthat the commission was intended to be "for members of Libyan and foreign organizations of human rights" and

that it will "investigate the circumstances and events that have caused many victims."[37] Later in the month, hewent on state television to deny allegations that the government had launched airstrikes against Libyan cities and

stated that the number of protesters killed had been exaggerated.[38]
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On 20 February, he made an extemporaneous speech on Libyan state TV, where he blamed the civil war ontribal factions and Islamists acting on their own agendas, drunken and drugged. He promised reforms, and said

the alternative would be civil war causing no trade, no oil money, and the country taken over by foreigners.[39]

He closed by saying, "We will not let Al Jazeera, Al Arabiya and BBC trick us." Many analysts disagreed with

his assessment, including Oliver Miles, a former British Ambassador to Libya.[40][41] In an interview with ABC

News reporter Christiane Amanpour, Saif al-Islam denied that his father's regime is killing civilians.[42] On 28February, a video became available online in which Saif al-Islam appears to spur on a crowd of followers to

fight the opposition, and promises weapons to them, while brandishing a G36 assault rifle. [43]

In June 2011, Muammar Gaddafi and his son Saif al-Islam Gaddafi announced that they were willing to holdelections and that Muammar Gaddafi would step aside if he lost. Saif al-Islam stated that the elections could beheld within three months and transparency would be guaranteed through international observers. NATO and the

rebels rejected the offer, and NATO soon resumed their bombardment of Tripoli. [44]

On 27 June, an arrest warrant was issued by the ICC.[45] On 1 July 2011, Saif al-Islam had an interview withRussia Today, where he denied the ICC's allegations that he, or his father, ordered the killing of civilianprotesters. He pointed out that he is not a member of the government or the military, and therefore has no

authority to give such orders. According to Saif al-Islam, he made recorded calls to General Abdul FatahYounis, who later defected to the rebel forces, in order to request not to use force against protesters, to whichYounis responded that they are attacking a military site, where surprised guards fired in self-defence. Saif al-Islam also condemned NATO for bombing Libyan civilians, including his family members and their children,under the false pretence that their homes were military bases. He also stated that NATO offered to drop theICC charges against him and his father if they accept a secret deal, an offer they rejected. He thus criticised the

ICC as "a fake court" that is controlled by the NATO nations. [6][46]

In August, Saif al-Islam gave an interview to theNew York Times stating that Libya was becoming more closelyaligned to Islamists and would likely resemble Iran or Saudi Arabia. Saif al-Islam said that his father was

working closely with Islamists within the rebellion to splinter the resistance. [47]

On 21 August, the National Transitional Council claimed that Saif al-Islam was arrested by the National

Liberation Army, pursuant to an arrest warrant issued by the International Criminal Court.[48] However, on theearly morning of 23 August, Saif al-Islam was seen by Western journalists apparently moving around under his

own free will outside the Rixos Hotel.[49][50]

After the fall of Tripoli Saif al-Islam went to Bani Walid. [citation needed] His brother Saadi Gaddafi contactedCNN, stating that he had the authority to negotiate on behalf of loyalist forces, and wished to discuss a

ceasefire.[51]

On 5 September, Saadi Gaddafi said in an interview with CNN that an "aggressive" speech by hisbrother Saif al-Islam had led to the breakdown of the negotiations between NTC forces and Gaddafi loyalists in

Bani Walid. Saif al-Islam stayed in Bani Walid until the town was captured by NTC forces.[52]

On 17 October after he left Bani Walid his convoy was hit by a NATO air attack at Wadi Zamzam where he

lost 26 of his supporters and 9 military vehicles.[53][54] His right hand has been wounded and according to hisown explanation it happened during the NATO air strike. According to the Libyan Al Mashhad Al Leebi

program, the fingers of his right hand were cut off.[55]

Aftermath and capture

With the death of Muammar Gaddafi and Mutassim Gaddafi in Sirte on 20 October, Saif al-Islam was the onlymember of the Gaddafi family left in Libya. He appeared on Syrian pro-Gaddafi television on 22 October

claiming "I am in Libya, I am alive and free and willing to fight to the end and take revenge", [56] but his
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirtehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutassim_Gaddafihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-53http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wadi_Zamzam&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bani_Walidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bani_Walidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadi_Gaddafihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNNhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadi_Gaddafihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bani_Walidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-50http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rixos_Hotelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Liberation_Army_(Libya)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Transitional_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-rt_interview-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Fatah_Younishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(TV_Network)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-45http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-44http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-43http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assault_riflehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_G36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-42http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiane_Amanpourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_Newshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Mileshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Arabiyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-39http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war


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Saif al-Islam Gaddafi in a military aircraft

in Zintan after he had been captured by

Libyan rebels

whereabouts were unknown and subject to many rumours.

An international team of lawyers representing the interests of Saifal-Islam Gaddafi wrote to US leaders demanding that he beprotected from assassination and holding the United States andNATO responsible for the Libyan leader's "brutal assassination"

and repeated attacks on Libya's civilian population[57]

On 19 November 2011, as Saif al-Islam Gaddafi was trying to

flee from Libya, he and four aides were captured,[58] anddetained about 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of the town of Ubarinear Sabha in southern Libya, 640 kilometres (400 mi) from

Tripoli.[59] Sources say that it was the betrayal by a Libyannomad, Yussef Saleh al-Hotmani, that finally led to his capture.Yussef Saleh al-Hotmani told the interviewers that he was hiredto guide a man to Niger and that he was offered 1 million forthe job. Being offered such a huge sum of money, he suspected

foul play as Saif's agent did not tell him whom he was going to guide. He contacted the rebel fighters and toldthem where a two vehicle convoy would pass through southern Libya on the night of 18 November and thisallowed the rebel fighters to ambush the convoy. Saif was taken to Zintan by plane and, pending trial, he is kept

in detention by the Zintan-militia that captured him.[60] His capture has been confirmed by the International

Criminal Court (ICC), who asked the new government about his detention and trial.[59] Apparently, the new

government is unable or unwilling to comply with the ICC information requests. [61] New deadlines forinformation requests from the ICC were also missed. A brief filed by the Office of Public Counsel for theDefence on behalf of Gaddafi claimed that "there is no basis for asserting that the ICC should defer the case to

Libya".[62] The brief requested the court to order Libya to immediately implement Gaddafi's rights, and report

Libya to the Security Council if it does not.

[62]

On 20 August 2012, it was announced that Saif al-Islam Gaddafi's trial will take place in Zintan, Libya in

September 2012.[63] However, the trial was then delayed. It is now expected to take place in February 2013.

Personal life

In 2006, the German newspaperDer Spiegeland the Spanish newspaperLa Voz de Galicia reported that Saif

al-Islam was romantically linked to Orly Weinerman, an Israeli actress and model.[64][65] At the time,Weinerman publically denied having any contact whatsoever with Saif al-Islam, but she has since admitted it,and in September 2012, she asked former British Prime Minister Tony Blair to intervene in his trial in order to

spare his life.[66][67]

In 2009, a party in Montenegro for his 37th birthday included well-known guests such as Oleg Deripaska, Peter

Munk and Prince Albert of Monaco.[68]

Also in 2009, Saif al-Islam Gaddafi welcomed Sarah Leah Whitson, director of Human Rights Watch's MiddleEast division, into Libya, accompanying her in meeting with many government officials and others during hervisit. She wrote of her official visit that "the real impetus for the transformation rests squarely with a quasi-governmental organization, the Qaddafi Foundation for International Charities and Development" chaired byGaddafi. She praised Gaddafi for establishing the country's two semi-private newspapers, and said "it is

impossible to underestimate the importance of the efforts made so far. Let's hope this spring will last."[69]

British society
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-69http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Leah_Whitsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-68http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_II,_Prince_of_Monacohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Munkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleg_Deripaskahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-67http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-66http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Blairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Ministerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-65http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-64http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orly_Weinermanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Voz_de_Galiciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-63http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-icc_feb_2012-62http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-icc_feb_2012-62http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-61http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-bbccapture-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-bbccapture-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabha,_Libyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-58http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_note-57http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_rebelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zintanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi2011.JPG


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Gaddafi has been hosted at Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle by the British royal family. Gaddafi claimsthat former Prime Minister Tony Blair is a personal friend who took an interest in advising Libya on oil revenuesand finance. In 2009, he spent a weekend at Waddesdon Manor, home of financier Jacob Rothschild, 4thBaron Rothschild, where he was the guest of Lord Mandelson and Nathaniel Philip Rothschild. He later stayedat the Rothschild holiday home in Corfu. Nathaniel Rothschild was a guest at Saif's 37th birthday celebration in

Montenegro.[70][71][72]

Links with the London School of EconomicsMain article: LSE Libya Links

Saif received his PhD from the London School of Economics (LSE) in 2008.[73] Through the GaddafiInternational Charity and Development Foundation (GICDF), Saif subsequently pledged a donation of1.5 million to support the work of the LSE's Centre for the Study of Global Governance on civil societyorganisations in North Africa. Following the LSE Libya Links affair, the LSE issued a statement indicating that itwill cut all financial ties with the country and will accept no further money from the GICDF, having already

received and spent the first 300,000 instalment of the donation.

[74]

Pressure was put on the LSE to revoke his qualification. LSE set up a review process[75] to investigate the

claims in early 2011.[76][77]

References

1. ^ Thomas, Landon (28 February 2010). "Unknotting Fathers Reins in Hope of Reinventing Libya"(http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/01/world/middleeast/01libya.html) . New York Times.

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/01/world/middleeast/01libya.html.2. ^ "Inside Gaddafi's inner circle" (http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2011/02/2011227192852808945.html)

. Al Jazeera. 27 February 2011. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2011/02/2011227192852808945.html.Retrieved 20 June 2011.

3. ^ ab McLean, Alan; Shane, Scott; Tse, Archie (28 November 2010). "A Selection From the Cache ofDiplomatic Dispatches" (http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/11/28/world/20101128-cables-viewer.html#report/libya-09TRIPOLI208) .New York Times.http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/11/28/world/20101128-cables-viewer.html#report/libya-09TRIPOLI208.

4. ^ "The Politics of Blackmail" (http://www.newsweek.com/id/40280/output/print) . Newsweek. 13 September2008. http://www.newsweek.com/id/40280/output/print. Retrieved 9 August 2008.

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6. ^ ab "Gaddafi's son: Libya like McDonald's for NATO fast war as fast food" (http://rt.com/news/interview-gaddafi-libya-usa/) . Russia Today. 1 July 2011. http://rt.com/news/interview-gaddafi-libya-usa/. Retrieved 25October 2011.

7. ^ Afiouni, Nevine (26 October 2011). "Qaddafis children as controversial as father"(http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/02/23/138886.html) .Al Arabiya.http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/02/23/138886.html. Retrieved 24 July 2012.

8. ^ The Desert Is Not Silent (http://web.archive.org/*/http://thedesertisnotsilent.com) , Internet Archive(http://www.archive.org/web/web.php) record, Historical index.

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10. ^ Alqadhafi, Saif Al-Islam, The role of civil society in the democratisation of global governance institutions:from "soft power" to collective decision-making? (https://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Record/1187568) , LondonSchool of Economics Library, 2008.
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11. ^Gaddafi son calls for democracy (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8258617.stm) , BBC News, 16 September 2009.12. ^ Desai, Meghnad (2011) LSE is paying a heavy price for Saif Gaddafi's PhD: When it comes to Saif Gaddafi

and his PhD, hindsight is indeed a wonderful thing, The Guardian, Friday 4 March 2011

13. ^ Alqadhafi, Saif Al-Islam (2008) The role of civil society in the democratisation of global governanceinstitutions: from "soft power" to collective decision-making? A thesis submitted to the Department ofPhilosophy of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, September2007, and published 2008, p.4.

14. ^ "Fact Check:Saif Gaddafi Genius or Fraud?" (http://blogs.channel4.com/factcheck/5880/5880) . Channel4

News. 4 February 2011. http://blogs.channel4.com/factcheck/5880/5880. Retrieved 4 February 2011.15. ^ Sherwin, Adam (2 March 2011). "Gaddafi son plagiarised his thesis at LSE."

(http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/gaddafi-son-plagiarised-his-degree-thesis-at-lse-2229620.html) . The Independent(London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/gaddafi-son-plagiarised-his-degree-thesis-at-lse-2229620.html. Retrieved 21 October 2011.

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25. ^ Kashmir: Paths to Peace (http://www.chathamhouse.org.uk/research/asia/papers/view/-/id/881/) , ChathamHouse, UK.

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27. ^ "Italy suspends friendship treaty with Libya" (http://articles.cnn.com/2011-02-28/world/libya.italy_1_moammar-gadhafi-friendship-treaty-italian-ministry) . CNN. 28 February 2011.http://articles.cnn.com/2011-02-28/world/libya.italy_1_moammar-gadhafi-friendship-treaty-italian-ministry.Retrieved 20 November 2011.

28. ^ Miles, Oliver (16 August 2008). "The long road to normalisation"(http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/16/libya.usa) . The Guardian (London).http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/16/libya.usa. Retrieved 17 August 2008.

29. ^ "Lockerbie evidence not disclosed" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/south_of_scotland/7573244.stm) .BBC. 28 August 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/south_of_scotland/7573244.stm. Retrieved 29August 2008.

30. ^ ab(French) Seif el-Islam Kadhafi : La Libye sera un pays heureux(http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2007/12/07/01003-20071207ARTFIG00487-seif-el-islam-kadhafi-la-libye-sera-un-pays-heureux.php) ,Le Figaro, 7 December 2007.

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65. ^ "Terra Ch, tierra de centenarios: Hechos y figuras"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Voz_de_Galiciahttp://www.lavozdegalicia.es/hemeroteca/2006/01/15/4425677.shtmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_ref-65http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-45424949.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegelhttp://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-45424949.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_ref-64http://presstv.com/detail/2012/08/23/257733/gadaffi-son-to-go-on-trial-in-september/http://presstv.com/detail/2012/08/23/257733/gadaffi-son-to-go-on-trial-in-september/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_ref-63http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc1326934.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_ref-icc_feb_2012_62-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_ref-icc_feb_2012_62-0http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-16479494http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-16479494http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_ref-61http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8902994/Libya-conflict-brewing-over-trial-of-Saif-al-Islam-Gaddafi.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8902994/Libya-conflict-brewing-over-trial-of-Saif-al-Islam-Gaddafi.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_ref-60http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-15804299http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-15804299http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_ref-bbccapture_59-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_ref-bbccapture_59-0http://www.indiavision.com/news/article/international/243165/gaddafis-son-hires-mercenaries-to-flee/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indiavision_News&action=edit&redlink=1http://www.indiavision.com/news/article/international/243165/gaddafis-son-hires-mercenaries-to-flee/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_ref-58http://www.indiavision.com/news/article/topnews/241923/international-legal-team-demands-protection-for-saif-gaddafi-from-planned-nato-assassination/http://www.indiavision.com/news/article/topnews/241923/international-legal-team-demands-protection-for-saif-gaddafi-from-planned-nato-assassination/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_ref-57http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/313227http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/313227http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_ref-56http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/gaddafis-son-had-fingers-cut-off/story-e6frg6so-1226204095145http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/gaddafis-son-had-fingers-cut-off/story-e6frg6so-1226204095145http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_ref-55http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8903424/Libya-relaxed-Saif-al-Islam-Gaddafi-tells-of-injury-by-Nato-infidels.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8903424/Libya-relaxed-Saif-al-Islam-Gaddafi-tells-of-injury-by-Nato-infidels.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_ref-54http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8903424/Libya-relaxed-Saif-al-Islam-Gaddafi-tells-of-injury-by-Nato-infidels.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8903424/Libya-relaxed-Saif-al-Islam-Gaddafi-tells-of-injury-by-Nato-infidels.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_ref-53http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/10/26/173784.htmlhttp://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/10/26/173784.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_ref-52http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/08/24/libya.saadi.gadhafi/index.htmlhttp://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/08/24/libya.saadi.gadhafi/index.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_ref-51http://news.sky.com/home/world-news/article/16054331http://news.sky.com/home/world-news/article/16054331http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_ref-50http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/08/22/reports-saif-al-islam-qaddafi-capture-false-appears-in-tripoli/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/08/22/reports-saif-al-islam-qaddafi-capture-false-appears-in-tripoli/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi#cite_ref-49


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p: www. avoz ega c a.es emero eca .s m n pan s . a oz e a c aCorua, Spain: La Voz de Galicia, S.A.). 15 January 2006.http://www.lavozdegalicia.es/hemeroteca/2006/01/15/4425677.shtml. Retrieved 22 August 2011.

66. ^ " [Tax Authority against Orly Weinerman]"(http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3223937,00.html) (in Hebrew). Ynet. 5 March 2006.http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3223937,00.html. Retrieved 11 January 2012.

67. ^ Israeli model admits to six year affair with Gaddafi's son, begs Blair to help save his life(http://www.timesofisrael.com/israeli-model-admits-to-six-year-affair-with-gaddafis-son-begs-blair-to-help-save-his-life/)

68. ^ Milo with billionaires at Saif Gadaffis birthday party (http://www.visit-montenegro.com/article-mne-22184.htm) , Visit Montenegro, 28 June 2009.

69. ^ Tripoli Spring (http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/05/26/tripoli_spring)70. ^ "Saif al-Islam Gaddafi: The new face of Libyan defiance"

(http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/feb/27/gaddafi-son-saif-al-islam-profile) , Jamie Doward. TheGuardian. 26 February 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2011.

71. ^ "Gaddafi son at heart of British society" (http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23925939-gaddafi-son-at-heart-of-british-society.do) , Joe Murphy. Evening Standard. 23 February 2011. Retrieved 26 February2011.

72. ^ "Please help us, my good friend Tony Blair: Gaddafi's son asks for former PM's help to 'crush enemies'

(http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1360472/Libya-Gaddafis-son-asks-Tony-Blairs-help-crush-enemies.html?ito=feeds-newsxml) , Daily Mail. 25 February 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2011.

73. ^ "LSE Director steps down 03 2011 News archive News News and media Home"(http://www2.lse.ac.uk/newsAndMedia/news/archives/2011/03/director_steps_down.aspx) . .lse.ac.uk.http://www2.lse.ac.uk/newsAndMedia/news/archives/2011/03/director_steps_down.aspx. Retrieved 28October 2011.

74. ^ Statement on Libya (http://www2.lse.ac.uk/newsAndMedia/news/archives/2011/02/libya_funding.aspx) ,London School of Economics, February 2011.

75. ^ Pressure on LSE to annul Gaddafi sons PhD (http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/37c54914-3fa2-11e0-a1ba-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1F5rJwcbG) , Chris Cook,Financial Times, 24 February 2011

76. ^ Eliot Sefton, LSE investigates Saif Gaddafi plagiarism claims

(http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/75772,people,news,lse-investigates-saif-al-islam-gaddafi-over-phd-plagiarism-claims) , The First Post, 1 March 2011.

77. ^ Sellgren, Katherine (1 March 2011). "LSE investigates Gaddafi's son plagiarism claims"(http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-12608869) . BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-12608869. Retrieved 4 March 2011.

External links

"Gaddafi International Charity and Development Foundation"

(http://web.archive.org/web/20110426074749/http://www.gicdf.org/) . Archived from the original(http://www.gicdf.org) on 26 April 2011.http://web.archive.org/web/20110426074749/http://www.gicdf.org/.Profile (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/libya/saif-qadhafi.htm) at GlobalSecurity.org

Factbox: Facts about Saif al-Islam Gaddafi(http://af.reuters.com/article/libyaNews/idAFLDE71J0QX20110221?sp=true) ,Reuters, 21 February2011Profile: Libya's Saif al-Islam (http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2011/02/20112212175256990.html),Al Jazeera, 21 February 2011

Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi, Profil Trial Watch, TRIAL (http://www.trial-ch.org/en/resources/trial-watch/trial-watch/profiles/name/rudolf-hoess-7/action/show/controller/Profile.html)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi&oldid=530065409"
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