runway incursion and visual aids

7/31/2019 Runway Incursion and Visual Aids

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ICAO-ANB

Runway Incursion Prevention &Visual Aids at Aerodromes

Yong Wang

Chief, Aerodromes, Air Routes and Ground Aids

TRAINRO/1-PPT/30

First Training Course of Regional Officers(FLS and ATM Regional Officers)

(Montreal, 16 27 November 2009)


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Overview

Definition of RI

Contributory factors

ICAO documentation

Annex 14, Volume I provisions on visual aids& RI prevention

Annex 14 provisions on aerodrome vehicle

operations

Other Annexes provisions


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ICAO Definition of RI

Any occurrence at an aerodromeinvolving the incorrect presence of an

aircraft, vehicle or person on theprotected area of a surface designatedfor the landing and take-off of aircraft.


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US Airways Runway Incursion Accident Los Angeles: Controller cleared aircraftto land with another aircraft on the runway.

February 1991


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Contributory Factors

Breakdown in Communications

Pilot Factors

Air Traffic Control Factors

Airside Vehicle Driver Factors

Aerodrome Design Factors


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ICAO Documentation

Annexes 2,11,14 PANS-ATM (Doc 4444); PANS-OPS (Doc 8168) Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control

Systems (A-SMGCS) Manual (Doc 9830)

Manual on Simultaneous Operations on Parallel orNear-Parallel Instrument Runways (SOIR)(Doc 9643)

Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 4, Visual Aids (Doc9157)

Safety Management Manual (SMM) (Doc 9859)Manual on the Prevention of Runway Incursions

(Doc 9870) Runway Safety toolkit


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Visual Aids at Aerodromes

Marking

Lighting

Signs

Markers


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Markings

Runway-holding position markings

Intermediate holding position marking

Road-holding position marking

Mandatory instruction marking

Information marking


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Lighting

Stop bars

Runway guard lights

Intermediate holding position lightsRoad holding position lights


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Signs

Mandatory instruction signs

Information signs

Road-holding position sign


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A 14 V l I i i


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Annex 14, Volume I provisions on stopbars

Note 1. The provision of stop bars requirestheir control either manually or automaticallyby air traffic services.

Note 2. Runway incursions may take placein all visibility or weather conditions. Theprovision of stop bars at runway holding

positions and their use at night and in visibilityconditions greater than 550 m runway visualrange can form part of effective runwayincursion prevention measures.

A 14 V l I i i t


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5.3.19.1 A stop bar shall be provided atevery runway-holding position serving arunway when it is intended that the runway

will be used in runway visual range conditionsless than a value of 350 m, except where:

A 14 V l I i i t


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5.3.19.1 A stop bar shall be provided atevery runway-holding position serving arunway when it is intended that the runway

will be used in runway visual range conditionsof values between 350 m and 550 m, exceptwhere:


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A 14 V l I i i t


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5.3.19.4 Recommendation.- Where thenormal stop bar lights might be obscured(from a pilots view), for example, by snow or

rain, or where a pilot may be required to stopthe aircraft in a position so close to the lightsthat they are blocked from view by thestructure of the aircraft, then a pair of

elevated lights should be added to each endof the stop bar.


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Annex 14 Volume I provisions on stop


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9.8.6 Where a surface movementguidance and control system is provided byselective switching of stop bars and taxiway

centre line lights, the following requirementsshall be met:

a) taxiway routes which are indicated byilluminated taxiway centre line lights shall be

capable of being terminated by an illuminatedstop bar;


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Annex 14 Volume I provisions on


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Annex 14, Volume I provisions onrunway guard lights

Note. The purpose of runway guard lightsis to warn pilots, and drivers of vehicles whenthey are operating on taxiways, that they are

about to enter an active runway. There aretwo standard configurations of runway guardlights as illustrated in Figure 5-27.



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5.3.22.1 Runway guard lights, ConfigurationA, shall be provided at eachtaxiway/runway intersection associated

with a runway intended for use in:a) runway visual range conditions less than a

value of 550 m where a stop bar is notinstalled; and

b) runway visual range conditions of valuesbetween 550 m and 1 200 m where thetraffic density is heavy.



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5.3.22.2 Recommendation.Runwayguard lights, Configuration A, should beprovided at each taxiway/runway

intersection associated with a runwayintended for use in:

a) runway visual range conditions of valuesless than a value of 550 m where a stop

bar is installed; andb) runway visual range conditions of values

between 550 m and 1 200 m where thetraffic density is medium or light.


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5.3.22.3 Recommendation.Runwayguard lights, Configuration A orConfiguration B or both, should be

provided at each taxiway/runwayintersection where enhanced conspicuity ofthe taxiway/runway intersection is needed,such as on a wide-throat taxiway, except

that Configuration B should not becollocated with a stop bar.


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Annex 14 provisions on aerodrome


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Annex 14 provisions on aerodromevehicle operations

Note 1. Guidance on aerodrome vehicleoperations is contained in Attachment A, Section18 and on traffic rules and regulations for vehiclesin theManual of Surface Movement Guidance and

Control Systems (SMGCS).

Note 2. It is intended that roads located on themovement area be restricted to the exclusive use

of aerodrome personnel and other authorizedpersons, and that access to the public buildings byan unauthorized person will not require use ofsuch roads.



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9.7.1 A vehicle shall be operated:

a) on a manoeuvring area only as authorizedby the aerodrome control tower; and

b) on an apron only as authorized by the

appropriate designated authority.



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9.7.2 The driver of a vehicle on the movement areashall comply with all mandatory instructions conveyedby markings and signs unless otherwise authorizedby:

a) the aerodrome control tower when on themanoeuvring area; or

b) the appropriate designated authority when on theapron.



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9.7.3 The driver of a vehicle on themovement area shall comply with allmandatory instructions conveyed by lights.


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Amendment 10 to Annex 14, Volume I

Amendment 10 to Annex 14, Volume I bringsto the Annex provisions on enhanced taxiwaycentre line markings and mandatory

instruction markings and enhancedmandatory instruction signs to furtherstrengthen runway incursion prevention

Recently adopted by Council on 4 March

2009Will become applicable as of 19 November

2009


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Enhanced taxiway centre line markings

5.2.8.4 Recommendation.Where it isnecessary to denote the proximity of arunway-holding position, enhanced taxiway

centre line marking should be provided.

Note. The provision of enhanced taxiway

centre line marking may form part of runwayincursion prevention measures.


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5.2.8.5 Where provided, enhancedtaxiway centre line marking shall be installedat all taxiway/runway intersections at that

aerodrome


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5.2.8.9 Where provided, an enhancedtaxiway centre line marking shall extend fromthe runway holding position Pattern A (as

defined in Figure 5-6, Taxiway markings) to adistance of up to 45 m (a minimum of three(3) dashed lines) in the direction of travelaway from the runway or to the next runway

holding position, if within 45m distance.


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M d t I t ti M ki


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Mandatory Instruction Markings

5.2.16.2 Recommendation. Whereoperationally required, such as on taxiwaysexceeding 60 m in width, or to assist in the

prevention of a runway incursion, amandatory instruction sign should besupplemented by a mandatory instructionmarking.

M d t I t ti M ki


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5.2.16.3 The mandatory instructionmarking on taxiways, where the code letter isA, B, C, or D, shall be located across the

taxiway equally placed about the taxiwaycentre line and on the holding side of therunway-holding position marking as shown inFigure 5-9 (a). The distance between the

nearest edge of the marking and the runwayholding position marking or the taxiway centreline marking shall be not less than 1 m

M d t I t ti M ki


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5.2.16.4 The mandatory instructionmarking on taxiways, where the code letter isE or F, shall be located on both sides of the

taxiway centre line marking and on theholding side of the runway-holding positionmarking as shown in Figure 5-9 (b). Thedistance between the nearest edge of the

marking and the runway holding positionmarking or the taxiway centre line markingshall be not less than 1 m.


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E h d M d t I t ti Si


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Enhanced Mandatory Instruction Signs

5.4.2.13 Recommendation.Where,owing to environmental or other factors, theconspicuity of the inscription on a mandatory

instruction sign needs to be enhanced, theoutside edge of the white inscription shouldbe supplemented by a black outlinemeasuring 10 mm in width for runway code

numbers 1 and 2, and 20 mm in width forrunway code numbers 3 and 4.


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Other ICAO Annexes Provisions


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Annex 2 Rules of the Air

Aircraft shall not taxi onto maneuveringarea without clearance

Aircraft shall stop and hold at all runwayholding positions

Annex 11 Air Traffic Services

Movement of persons and vehicles must becontrolled by the control tower



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Annex 11 Air Traffic Services

Movement of persons and vehicles mustbe controlled by the control tower

ATS safety management

Read-back of clearances

Use of surface movement radar



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Amendment to Annex 13 Aircraft Accidentand Incident Investigationand theProcedures for Air Navigation Services Air

Traffic Management(PANS-ATM) to includerunway incursions (severity A) as seriousincidents to be reported by States to ICAOand new runway incursion reporting forms

Applicable from November 2009)


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Thank you

Yong WangChief, AGA/ANB

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

runway incursion and visual aids

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