(Diisi oleh RMC)

JABATAN PENGAJIAN TINGGI KEMENTERIAN PENGAJIAN TINGGI

FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH GRANT SCHEME (FRGS) APPLICATION FORM

(Pindaan 2/2010)

One (1) copy of this form must be submitted to the Institution of Higher Education Excellence Planning Division, Department of Higher Education, Level 6, Block E14,

Complex E, Federal Government Administrative Centre,62505 Putrajaya. [Incomplete Form will be rejected]

A TITLE OF PROPOSED RESEARCH:Tajuk penyelidikan yang dicadangkan

Determination of Continuous Exposure and Dilution Exclusion Efficiency for Passive Phyto-remediation by seaweed propagation

B DETAILS OF RESEARCHER / MAKLUMAT PENYELIDIK

B(i) Name of Project Leader: IC / Passport Number:Nama Ketua Projek: No. Kad Pengenalan/ Pasport: Akira KIKUCHI TZ0737206

B(ii) Position (Please tick ( √ )):Jawatan (Sila tanda ( √ )): Professor Assoc. Prof. / Sen. Lect. Lecturer Profesor Prof. Madya / P. Kanan Pensyarah

B(iii) Faculty /School/Centre/Unit (Please provide full address):Fakulti /Jabatan /Pusat/Unit (Sila nyatakan alamat penuh):

Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management, and Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

B(iv) Office Telephone No.: Handphone No.:No. Telefon Pejabat: No. Telefon Bimbit: 07-5531725 012-208-9233

B(v)

E-mail Address:Alamat e-mel:

akira@utm.my

Kod Rujukan:

BORANG FRGS – A1 (R)

√

B(vi) Date of first appointment with this University:Tarikh mula berkhidmat dengan Universiti ini: April 1st, 2010

B(vii) Type of Service (Please tick ( √ )):Jenis Perkhidmatan (Sila tanda ( √ )):

Permanent Contract (State contract expiry date): Tetap Kontrak (Nyatakan tarikh tamat kontrak): __ March 31 st , 2013____

C RESEARCH INFORMATION / MAKLUMAT PENYELIDIKAN

C(i) Research Area (Please tick ( √ )):Bidang Penyelidikan (Sila tanda ( √ )):

A. Pure Science (Sains Tulen)

Chemistry Physic Biology (Kimia) (Fizik) (Biologi)

Biochemistry Materials Science Mathematics and Statistics (Biokimia) (Sains Bahan) (Matematik dan Statistik)

B. Applied Science (Sains Gunaan) Chemistry Physic Biology

(Kimia) (Fizik) (Biologi)

Mathematics and Statistics Computer Science Biotechnology (Matematik dan Statistik) (Sains Komputer) (Bioteknologi)

Materials Science (Sains Bahan)

C. Technology and Engineering (Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan)

Mechanical & Manufacturing Electrical and Electronic General (Mekanikal dan Pembuatan) (Elektrikal dan Elektronik) (Awam) Material and Polymer Chemical Engineering Information and Communication (Bahan dan Polimer) (Kejuruteraan Kimia) Technology (Teknologi Komunikasi dan

Informasi) Energy Transportation (Tenaga) (Pengangkutan)

√

D. Clinical and Health Sciences (Sains Kesihatan dan Klinikal)

Basic Medical Sciences Pharmacy Pharmacology (Sains Perubatan Asas) (Farmasi) (Farmakologi)

Medical Microbiology Parasitology Pathology (Mikrobiologi Perubatan) (Parasitologi) (Pathologi)

Community Medical Prevention Clinical Surgical Clinical Medical (Perubatan Pencegahan (Klinikal Surgikal) (Klinikal Medikal) Masyarakat) Associate Health Science Dental Nursing Science (Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu) (Pergigian) (Sains Kejururawatan)

E. Social Sciences (Sains Sosial)

Anthropology Psychology Sociology (Antropologi) (Psikologi) (Sosiologi) Political Science Management and Business Geography (Sains Politik) (Pengurusan dan Perniagaan) (Geografi) Economic Human Ecology Communication (Ekonomi) (Ekologi Manusia) (Komunikasi)

F. Arts and Applied Arts (Sastera dan Sastera Ikhtisas) Language and Linguistic Literature Religion (Bahasa dan Linguistik) (Kesusasteraan) (Agama)

Philosophy Civilization History (Falsafah) (Tamadun) (Sejarah)

Art Culture Education (Seni) (Budaya) (Pendidikan)

Principle and Law Built Environment Environment (Dasar dan Undang-undang) (Alam Bina- (Alam Sekitar- Aspek Kemanusiaan) Aspek Kemanusiaan)

G. Natural Sciences and National Heritage (Sains Tabii dan Warisan Negara) Environment Forestry Argiculture (Alam Sekitar) (Perhutanan) (Pertanian)

Marine Archaeology Geology (Marin) (Arkeologi) (Geologi) Ethnography Built Environment Culture (Etnografi) (Heritage Aspect) (Budaya) Alam Bina (Aspek Warisan) Various Biology (Kepelbagaian Biologi)

√

C(ii) Location of Research:Tempat penyelidikan dijalankan:

Environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor.

C(iii) Duration of this research (Maximum 36 months): Tempoh masa penyelidikan ini (Maksimum 36 bulan):

Duration: _ 24 month _ _ Tempoh : From : ___ July 1, 2011 ___ Dari :

To : __ June 30 , 2013 __ Hingga :

C(iv) Other Researchers:Ahli-ahli penyelidik yang lain:(Please include your curriculum vitae if necessary)

Bil NameNama

IC / Passport Number:

No. Kad Pengenalan/ Pasport:

Faculty/ School/ Centre/ Unit

Fakulti/P.Pengajian/Pusat/Unit

Academic Qualification/Designation

Tahap Kelayakan Akademik/Jawatan

Signature Tandatangan

1 Akira Kikuchi TZ0737206 Faculty of Civil Engineering

Ph.D

2 Mohd. Ismid bin Mohd. Said

641029015215 Faculty of Civil Engineering

Ph.D

3 Shamila binti Azman 73052907562 Faculty of Civil Engineering

Ph.D

4

5

6

C(v) Research projects that have been completed or ongoing by researchers for the last three years. Please provide title of research, duration, year commence and year ending. Sila sediakan maklumat termasuk termasuk tajuk, tempoh, tahun mula dan tahun tamat bagi penyelidikan yang sedang/telah dijalankan oleh penyelidik-penyelidik di dalam tempoh tiga tahun terakhir.

Title of ResearchTajuk penyelidikan

Grant’s NameNama Geran

Position / RoleJawatan / Peranan

DurationTempoh

Start Date Tarikh mula

End DateTarikh tamat

High performance Ion chromatography application in order to open new analytical laboratory and capacity development of international official development aid (ODA) project for environmental monitoring

Grant to aid venture buisiness, Hiroshima university

Project leader 12 month 1st April, 2009

31 March, 2010

C(vi) Please furnish information on academic publications that has been published by the researchers for the last five (5) years. (Example: Journals, Books, Chapters in books, etc)Sila kemukakan maklumat berkaitan penerbitan akademik yang telah diterbitkan oleh penyelidik dalam tempoh lima (5) tahun terakhir. (Contoh: Jurnal, buku, bab dalam buku, dll)

Title of publicationTajuk penerbitan

Name of journals/booksNama jurnal/buku

Year publishedTahun diterbitkan

Interpretation of Balanced Act in Ecological Concept

Indonesian National Conference on Green Technology for Better Future, 20th

Norvember 2010, at Fakultas Sain dan teknologi, University Islam Negeri (UIN)

Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

2010

Ecological Information Science and its application for ecological education

International Conference on Global Resource Conservation (ICGRC) 2010, University of Bravijaya

2010

Significance of the Easy-to-use Water Quality Checker for Participative Environmental monitoring and Experience Based Learning

International Journal of Tropical Life 2010

Ecological Open System management for Human Impacted Ecosystem

Journal of International Development and Cooperation 2009

Quantative Analysis of Landscape Structure in Haji-Dam Watershed, Hiroshima Prefecture.

Natural History of Nishi-Chugoku Mountains 2008

High Resolution Stream Network in Haji Dam Watershed.

Journal of International Development and Cooperation 2007

Application of Asia Environment Simulator (AES) to Environmental Assessment in Haji River Watershed.

Journal of International Development and Cooperation 2007

Ion-exclusion/cation-exchange chromatography for water quality monitoring of river waters

Journal of Japan Industrial Water Association 2007

Process of Phyllostachys pubescens culm invasion at expansion front.

Hikobia 2006

Plant species response against mowing in southwestern Japan.

Journal of International Development and Cooperation 2006

C(vii) Executive Summary of Research Proposal (maximum 300 words) (Please include the background of research, literature reviews, objectives, research methodology and expected outcomes from the research project)

Macro algae (seaweed) are considered to have capability to act as phyto-remediation agent in a land base shrimp-seaweed co-cultivation system. However, as always, if just conventional batch methods are applied on such a system, provided effluent diluted first and then it competitively consumed by macro and micro sea algae. Accordingly, a research question existed, as follows, what kind of new technique can selectively provide nutrient to seaweed in a land base co-cultivation system? This could be a fundamental research question to generate a new finding and an innovation. Then we had research hypothesis that if upwelling flow continuously expose seaweed layer exposing nutrients, seaweed can use the nutrient without dilution and before microalgae. Accordingly, we investigate the effect of continuous exposure and dilution exclusion in passive phyto-remediation system by seaweed propagation. At first, an aquatoron will be constructed as combination of shrimp cultivation tank and activated sludge process with water recirculation in order to provide quality controlled effluent to experiments. Then, using this effluent, a comparative study will be conducted in between passive and batch phyto-remediation system. As an expected result, significant efficiency of passive phytoremediation system will be detected, and one patent will be generated. In Malaysia, faunal seafood and seaweed co-cultivation has great opportunity to generate export market. Our research outcome has potential for innovation. In addition, two scientific byproducts also will appear, such as an new algorithm to design and monitor optimum seaweed harvesting rate in phyto-remediational plant, and new automated system to monitor NH4

+, NO3-, NO2

-, PO43-, COD, and dissolved organic N and P

with only 2 ml sample by30 minutes. These will be first application in Malaysia, and has significant scientific originality by getting new modification. These new information has potential to empower the knowledge domain of coastal environmental science and its conservation perspectives.

C(viii) Detailed proposal of research project:

Cadangan maklumat penyelidikan secara terperinci:

(a)Research background including Hypothesis /Research Questions and Literature Reviews.

Back ground

Macro algae (seaweed) can be cultured effectively for the production of useful algal biomass which has wide application of its byproducts for human consumption and industrial application. Such as food, soil conditioner, chemical and pharmaceutical products (Troell et al. 1997; Capo et al. 1999). Besides that, the major industrial use for seaweed is as a source of phycocolloids such as agar that mostly used as food additive and tissue culture media. The increasing demand for hydrocolloid extracts during the past 40 years has led to dramatic growth of the seaweed industry in few countries (Briggs & Smith 1993, Alveal et al. 1997).

Besides the advantages discussed above, macroalgae also has been employed as diverse eco-friendly treatment in reducing pollution load of wastewater and provides a natural biodiversity mechanism in its environment. As a case study, (Fei 2004) has reported coastal eutrophication problem in China and successfully solved the problem by practicing large scale seaweed cultivation. His study gives evidence that Gracilaria, Porphyra and Laminaria are the promising species for eutrophication treatment in China. On the other hand, land-base systems has advantage of plant management, such as ease of plant management, avoidance of nutrient dilution, and possibility of farm operations located in close proximity to conversion operation (Chynoweth 2002). Such land-base pond system has been developed not only pure seaweed cultivation, but also has been converted as co-culture with fish or mollusks (Friedlander 2008, Msuya et al. 2002, Hanisak 1987), Troell et al. (1997) states that integrated culture of the rhodophyta Gracilaria chilensis in salmon cages resulted in a substantial reduction of dissolved ammonium and phosphorus released from the fish farm and subsequently reduces the risk of eutrophication. In such an integrated system, wastes from the other species represent a nutrient supply for the seaweed as remediation agent whereby it acts as a water purification agent and indirectly nutrients are incorporated into seaweed biomass. The society is becoming aware of the benefits and potential of macroalgae and new algal products. An imminent in novel uses of seaweeds are acting as a stimulant to encourage more research and development of seaweed cultivation (Lüning & Pang 2003). Thus, cultivation of seaweed has become a prominent industry where it generates income for the country and improved the socio economics condition.

In this research, we are planning to investigate about remediable system for wastewater treatment by seaweed propagation (Fig. 1). In our system, seaweed (a) functions as a kind of a catalyst from a sense of hyper cycle (Eigen & Schuster 1978). Thereby excess nutrient in wastewater (b) is purified by seaweed propagation (c), then grown portion of seaweed is cropped (d) and water discharge after purified.

According to the concept of entropy, the wastewater has high entropy status (i.e. non-useful). In contrast, purified water and cropped seaweed has lower entropy (i.e. useful). The phyto-remediation layer, which is implemented in between these two high and low entropy spaces, rises up the energy status (or minimizes the entropy). In this definition, phyto-remediation system is a running pump to generate environmental resource from waste by natural light energy. This is the scientific firm definition of “remediation” in this study.

Research question and hypothesis

Waste waterLight energy

ab

c

d

e

Seaweedresource

Purified water

Fig. 1. Schematic depiction of passive system

Seaweeds are generally susceptible to micro algae when it grows under a continuous supply of high excess nutrient and strong light condition. Thus, to load much nutrient is not efficient for seaweed cultivation by conventional batch method. However, if nutrient loading rate is decreased, it will contribute to cultivate macro algae, but macro algae do not show high efficiency as phyto-remediation agent. Of course it is possible to design phyto-remediation system by unicultivation of macro algae expecting high remediation efficiency. But such an approach has high risk to contaminate by micro algae and high effort and cost to avoid its contamination. Obviously, this paradox must technically be solved, when macro algae are considered as phyto-remediation agent as a value-added product. Then, we had research question, as follow,

Question What kind of new idea can selectively provide nutrient to macro algal phyto-remediation agent in a land base co-cultivation system?

This could be a fundamental question to generate an innovation. Accordingly, as a potential solution to this question, we have considered a new idea to arrange sea algal bed in between high and lower nutrient concentration water body. Hereby we design passive system (Fig. 2). The principle of this idea is to transport excess nutrient selectively to macro algae from lower part of its self-shaded part, where the weak light intensity will restrain to grow the microalgae propagation (Liebig’s law of the minimum). In the system, phyto-remediation agent which settled in between waste water purifies water. By the arrangement, very slowly moving wastewater continuously exposed the seaweed bed. It can selectively provide nutrient to the algal bed without dilution effect. During this process, purified water is continuously generated by natural light energy. To test this idea is our main curiosity of this research. Accordingly, we have considered a research hypothesis, as follow,

Hypothesis Passive system can selectively expose excess nutrient to the macro algal bed before it is competitively consumed by micro algae.

This hypothesis has a firm scientific originality and sociological needs as we explain above.

(b)Objectives of the Research This study embarks on the following objectives:

1)To investigate continuous exposure and dilution exclusion effect in passive phyto-remediation system by seaweed propagation.

2)To assess experimental passive phyto-remediation system by comparative study.

3)To investigate optimum harvesting rate of seaweed to maximize nutrient absolption rate.

4)To make recommendation based on

• Significant efficiency of passive phytoremediation system than conventional batch system.

• A new algorithm to design and monitor phyto-remediational plant by seaweed propagation.

Light energy

Fig. 2. Schematic depiction of passive system

Purified water

Waste water

discharge

(c)Methodology1. Description of Methodologyi) Aquatoron and experimental passive phyto-remediation systemIn this study, according to the research question and the hypothesis, we assess an experimental plant of passive phyto-remediation system with shrimp cultivation tank (Fig. 3). Main architecture of this experimental system is aquatoron and passive phyto-remediation system. The aquatoron is composed of shrimp cultivation tank, anaerobic tank, and aerobic tank, which united by recirculating water by two pumps. The aquatoron has ability to generate a variety of quality controlled shrimp cultivation effluent for experiment. On the other hand, the passive phyto-remediation system is composed downstream of the biotoron, which receive shrimp cultivation effluent. By this system, using quality controlled effluent, shrimp and seaweed co-cultivation can be investigated. This system is applied to test the efficiency of the passive phyto remediation system.

Fig. 3. Schematic depiction of experimental passive phyto-remediation system

Light energy

EffluentBubbling aeration

tank

Anaerobicsand

filtrationtank

Purifiedwater

Watercirculat ing

Light energy

Shrimp cultivation tank

reservoir

Pump 2Water level

regulatorPump 1

Pump 3

(sludge)

Aquatoronto generate a variety of quality controlled shrimp cultivation effluent

Experimental partPassive Phyto-remediation system for comparative study

In our experimental system, SS and COD are treated by activated sludge process, where organic materials are decomposed under anaerobic condition in sand filtration tank, and bubbling aeration tank. Sludge that has sink in bubbling tank will be return to the filtration tank. In this process SS and COD will drastically be decreased and nitrogen is transformed into NO3

-, and phosphate also recycled from organic material to dissolved component (PO4

3-). These NO3- and PO4

3- will be target parameter to be treated in advanced treatment by passive phyto-remediation system.

Using the aquatron, COD, concentration of DO, NH4+, NO2

-, NO3- can be controlled by food supply

arrangement, pump 1 and pump 2, and bubbling in aeration tank. Bubbling in aeration tank activate aerobic bacteria to decompose organic material (COD and SS) and transform nitrogen from NH4

+ to NO3

-. Pump 1 decrease NO3- concentration, as if NO3

- is recirculated to anaerobic circumstance, NO3- is

transformed into N2 and it is released to air. Pump 2 improves DO and NH4+ in shrimp cultivation tank

by water circulation via sand filtration and aeration tank. Accordingly, controlling the pump 1, pump2, and aeration rate, a variety of water quality condition of shrimp cultivation effluent can be prepared.

Then the behavior is investigated by multi valiant parameter analysis. In this research, passive phyto-remediation components are installed at downstream of the experimental system. This system is expected to represent zero waste emission land-base shrimp seaweed co-cultivation system, namely it works as an ecosystem in total. Thus, considering the positive unification effect of each component by the sense of totality, we do not extract only passive phyto-remediation part to test, rather passive phyto-remediation will be investigated in the totality of the whole system performance that is explained by Fig. 1.

The experimental passive system is constructed with two passive phyto-remediation tanks which are connected with same pretreatment system where one will be used as original purpose as explained in Fig 2 and another one is modified to conventional batch system. Then, a comparative study will be conducted between these two cultivation tanks. In the experiment, Graciraria edulis will be applied as phyto-remediation agent, because we have noticed this macro algal species is growing in canals around the shrimp cultivation pond in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. By this comparative study, if very slowly moving effluent continuously exposes the seaweed bed, the growing rate will be better (our research hypothesis). On top of this hypothesis, the significant growth of seaweed without dilution effect is expected to be detected by both water purification rate and biomass harvesting rate.

ii) Optimum harvesting rate and nutrients absorption rateIn order to detect optimum harvesting rate, we will conduct experiment, besides numerical model also required to be investigated from biological point of view. Thereby, logistic growth model will be applied. Optimum harvesting rate is estimated from the Maximum Sustainable yield (MSY) that is obtained from the model interpretation. Then basing on the parameter assimilation process by MSY theory (Fig 4), optimum condition of system property and seaweed harvesting rate will be detected.

In this research, we evaluate excess nutrient uptake rate by following formula,

N = WwW’CN*10-4 (1)

Where, N is nitrogen concentration [g] per unit seaweed biomass, Ww is wet weight of fresh seaweed biomas [g], W’ is water concentration of fresh seaweed [weight %], CN is nitrogen concentration in dry weight of seaweed [weight %]. Using phosphate concentration CP, carbon concentration CC, phosphate up tale, and carbon sink also calculated, respectively. Then, CP will be measured by Molybdenum blue methods after tissue of seaweed is converted into ash and dissolved to deionized water. Once W’ and CN, CC, CP are measured, in order to estimate nutrient uptake and carbon sink, Ww of harvested seaweed (Ww) can be used.

iv) Monitoring system

Carrying capacity (K)

Time (t)

Tota

l am

ount

of b

iom

ass

Internal growth rate (r)MSY

Fig. 4. A numerical model to design phyto-remediational system

In this research, DO, pH, salinity, ORP, temperature will measured by handy sensors. On the other hand, we are planning detail water quality monitoring of the experimental system. Thereby, behavior of NH4

+, NO3-, NO2

-, PO43- , dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and phosphate (DOP) will be monitored in

the whole system. Thus, we develop automated water quality analyzer by combination between ion-chromatography (IC) and flow injection analysis (FIA) (Fig. 5).

By this new system, only 2 ml of sample is required to analyze NH4+, NO3

-, NO2- , PO4

3-, COD, DOP and DON for whole analysis in sub ppm level accuracy within 30 min. Besides, the wastewater of chemical analysis is also drastically decreased around 1/10 to 1/100. In addition, temperature condition and other analytical environment will be fully standardized, and as equipment is automated, it is easy to perform calibration process for all the parameter at each time analysis. Only with such an automated system, experimenter can concentrate quality management of chemical analysis and other matter of laboratory experiment for multiparameter-large number analysis. This system will be the first and the highest quality of IC and FIA hyphenated system to analyze this water qualities parameter for brackish water in Malaysia. We apply such an advanced equipment to monitor water quality of the experimental system by expertise of head of this research project (Kikuchi 2010, Masuda et al. 2006). Besides, the development of IC and FIA hyphenated system will be done with direct technical support by IC development team in TOSOH cooperation Japan, and performed as collaboration work with professor Kazuhiko Tanaka (Hiroshima University), professor Keiro Higuchi, who is top level IC and FIA researcher in the world, respectively. By this development, the limitation of IC will be overcome by hyphenation with FIA, where the quality management of analytical data will be scientifically, carefully managed by this scheme. In addition, simplify method such as Pack Test is also will be applied to monitor water quality in order to simplify the methodology of water quality analysis.

This research is done as collaboration study with Coastal Lagoon Environments Shimane University, and preceded as a part of a Global COE program at Kyoto University.

2.Flow Chart of Research Activities ( Please enclose in the Appendix)

Appendix 1.

3.Gantt Chart of Research Activities (Please enclose in the Appendix)

Appendix 2.

4.Milestones and Dates

Appendix 2.

(d)Expected Results/Benefit

1. Novel theories/New findings/Knowledge

• Significant efficiency of passive phytoremediation system

• A new algorithm to monitor and design maximum efficiency of phyto-remediational plant by seaweed propagation.

• A new know-how to monitor NH4+, NO3

-, NO2-, PO4

3-, COD and dissolved organic N & C within only 2ml sample (a byproduct).

• An aquatoron to investigate about land-base shrimp cultivation with algal phyto-remediation (a byproduct)

2. Research PublicationsThree (3) indexed and three (3) non indexed publication will be produced on novelty shown above.

3. Specific or Potential ApplicationsOne (1) patent will be proposed for passive phyto-remediation system, which will diseases among shrimps and increase quality of shrimp cultivation, besides generating value-add byproduct.

4. Number of PhD and Masters (by research) StudentsOne (1) Master students, and one (1) PhD student.

ReferenceAlveal, K., H. Romo, et al. (1997). "Mass cultivation of the agar-producing alga Gracilaria chilensis

(Rhodophyta) from spores." Aquaculture 148(2-3): 77-83.Briggs, M. R. P. and S. J. F.-. Smith (1993). Macroalgae in Aquaculture: An Overview and their

Possible Role in Shrimp Culture. Marine Biotechnology. Bangkok, Thailand: 11.Capo, T., J. Jaramillo, et al. (1999). "Sustained high yields of Gracilaria (Rhodophyta) grown in

intensive large-scale culture." Journal of Applied Phycology 11(2): 143-147.Chynoweth, D.P. 2002. Review of Biomethane from marine Biomass. University of Florida. 1-207.Eigen, M. & Schuster, P. (1978) Part A: Emergence of the Hypercycle.” Naturwissenschaften 65:7–41.Fei, X. (2004). "Solving the coastal eutrophication problem by large scale seaweed cultivation."

Hydrobiologia 512(1): 145-151.Friedlander, M. 2008. Israeli R&D activities in seaweed cultivation. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 5:

56-28.Hanisak, M.D. 1987. Cultivation of fracilaria and other macroalgae in Florida for energy consumption.

In Seaweed Coultivation for Renewable Resources, K. T. Bird. And P.H. Benson, ed. Elsevier , Amsterdam, 191-218.

Kikuchi, A. 2010. High performance Ion chromatography application in order to open new analytical laboratory and capacity development of international official development aid (ODA) project for environmental monitoring. Project report, Venture business laboratory, Hiroshima University.

Lüning, K. and S. Pang (2003). "Mass cultivation of seaweeds: current aspects and approaches." Journal of Applied Phycology 15(2): 115-119.

Msuya, F. E., M. S. Kyewalyanga, et al. (2006). "The performance of the seaweed Ulva reticulata as a biofilter in a low-tech, low-cost, gravity generated water flow regime in Zanzibar, Tanzania." Aquaculture 254(1-4): 284-292.

Masuda, W., Tanaka, K., Goto, R., Hasebe, K., Kikuchi, A. & Nakagoshi, N. (2007) Ion-exclusion/cation-exchange chromatography for water quality monitoring of river waters, Journal of Japan Industrial Water Association, 585: 80-86.

Troell, M., C. Halling, et al. (1997). "Integrated marine cultivation of Gracilaria chilensis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) and salmon cages for reduced environmental impact and increased economic output." Aquaculture 156(1-2): 45-61.

D ACCESS TO EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL / KEMUDAHAN SEDIA ADA UNTUK KEGUNAAN BAGI PENYELIDIKAN INI

Equipment Peralatan

LocationTempat

RefrigeratorOvenAnalytical weightHeating oven (TOSO-Liquid column oven CO-8020)Glassware (Volumetric flasks, Beaker, and etc.) Micro pipette and tip tubesSpoon and glass stickWater distiller

All these equipments are available in Environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor.

E BUDGET /BELANJAWAN

Please indicate your estimated budget for this research and details of expenditure according to the guidelines attached.Sila nyatakan anggaran bajet bagi cadangan penyelidikan ini dan berikan butir – butir perbelanjaan lengkap dengan berpandukan kepada garis panduan yang dilampirkan.

Budget detailsButiran belanjawan

Amount requested by applicant Jumlah yang dipohon

oleh pemohon

Amount approved by VC/Dep.VC (R&D)/Director of RMC

Jumlah yang diluluskan oleh Naib Canselor/ TNC (P&I)/Pengarah RMC

Year 1Tahun 1

(RM)

Year 2Tahun 2

(RM)

Year 3Tahun 3

(RM)

TotalJumlah (RM)

E(i) Vote 11000 - Salary and wagesUpah dan Elaun 2 x Graduate Research Assistant (Including tuition fees)

1 Master students= RM1,500 x 1 x 24 months= RM36,000

1 PhD student, (Ms. Lavania Baloo)under scholarship

18,000

NIL

18,000

NIL

NIL

NIL

36,000

Please Indicate the overall BudgetSila nyatakan bajet secara

keseluruhan

E(ii) Vote 21000 - Travelling and Transportation/Perjalanan dan Pengangkutan

Workshop (1 time, national) and Seminar (1 time, Kuala Lumpur)Details: * Three researcher & two students Daily allowance+Travelling+Lodging= (RM700 + RM1000 + RM700) x 1 time= RM2,800

Sampling and data collection (travelling to sampling site): (2 times/ month)Details:* Researcher & two students= RM100 x 2 times x 12months= RM2400

NIL 5,200 NIL 5,200

Budget detailsButiran belanjawan

Amount requested by applicant Jumlah yang dipohon

oleh pemohon

Amount approved by VC/Dep.VC (R&D)/Director of RMC

Jumlah yang diluluskan oleh Naib Canselor/ TNC (P&I)/Pengarah RMC

Year 1Tahun 1

(RM)

Year 2Tahun 2

(RM)

Year 3Tahun 3

(RM)

TotalJumlah (RM)

E(iii) Vote 24000 - RentalSewaan

TOSOH IC 2010 Ion Chromatography

75,000 NIL NIL 75,000

Please Indicate the overall BudgetSila nyatakan bajet secara

keseluruhan

E(iv) Vote 27000 - Research Materials & Supplies Bekalan dan Bahan Penyelidikan

-Expendables for seaweed cultivation system (RM3,000)-Gas (N2, O2, He) for C/N analizer (RM3,000)-Expendables, such as glassware, Teflon tube, connector, plunger seal, Filters & syringe, chemicals , and etc (RM4,100)

5,000 5,100 NIL 10,100

E(v) Vote 28000 - Maintenance and Minor Repair ServicesBaik pulih kecil dan ubahsuai

NIL NIL NIL NIL

Budget detailsButiran belanjawan

Amount requested by applicant Jumlah yang dipohon

oleh pemohon

Amount approved by VC/Dep.VC (R&D)/Director of RMC

Jumlah yang diluluskan oleh Naib

Canselor/ TNC (P&I)/Pengarah RMC

Year 1Tahun 1

(RM)

Year 2Tahun 2

(RM)

Year 3Tahun 3

(RM)

TotalJumlah (RM)

E(vi) Vote 29000 - Professional Services Perkhidmatan Ikhtisas

Please specifySila nyatakan secara lengkap dengan pecahannya sekali.

NIL NIL NIL NIL

Please Indicate the overall BudgetSila nyatakan bajet secara

keseluruhan

E(vii) Vote 35000 - Accessories and EquipmentAksesori dan Peralatan

Please specifySila nyatakan secara lengkap dengan pecahannya sekali.

-System controller for IC and FIA (RM700) 700 NIL NIL 700

TOTAL AMOUNTJUMLAH BESAR

86,400 73,200 NIL 127,000

F Declaration by applicant / Akuan Pemohon(Please tick ( √ )): / (Sila tanda ( √ )):

I hereby confess that:Saya dengan ini mengaku bahawa: √√

1. All information stated here are accurate, KPT and IPT has right to reject or to cancel the offer without prior notice if there is any inaccurate information given. Semua maklumat yang diisi adalah benar, KPT dan IPT berhak menolak permohonan atau membatalkan tawaran pada bila-bila masa sekiranya keterangan yang dikemukakan adalah tidak benar.

2. Application of this fundamental research is presented for the Fundemental Research Grant

Scheme (FRGS).Permohonan projek penyelidikan ini dikemukakan untuk memohon peruntukan di bawah Geran Penyelidikan Fundamental IPT.

3. Application of this fundamental research is also presented for the other reasearch grant/s (grant’s name and total amount)Permohonan projek penyelidikan ini juga dikemukakan untuk memohon peruntukan geran penyelidikan dari (nama geran dan jumlah dana)____________________________________

Date : Applicant’s Signature :Tarikh : March25, 2011 Tandatangan Pemohon : ___________________________

G Recommended by Vice Chancellor/Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research and Innovation)/Director of Research Management CenterPerakuan Naib Canselor/Timbalan Naib Canselor(P & I)/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Penyelidikan

Please tick ( √ ) Sila tandakan ( √ )

Recommended:Diperakukan:

A. Highly Recommended Sangat Disokong

B. Recommended Disokong

C. Not Recommended (Please specify reason) Tidak Disokong (Sila Nyatakan Sebab)

Comments:Ulasan:

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Name: Signature:Nama: Tandatangan:

Date:Tarikh:

Note: APPLICATIONS SUBMITTED WILL BE TREATED IN FULL CONFIDENCE. THE DECISION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH GRANT SCHEME MAIN COMMITTEE MOHE IS FINAL. Semua permohonan dianggap sulit. Keputusan Jawatankuasa Induk Skim Geran Penyelidikan Fundamental KPT adalah MUKTAMAD.

Appendix 1.

Determination of Continuous Exposure and Dilution Exclusion Efficiency for Passive Phyto-remediation by seaweed propagation

To investigate effect of continuous exposure and dilution exclusion in passive phyto-remediation by seaweed propagation.Purpose

To assess experimental passive phyto-remediation system by comparative study.Aim

What kind of new idea can selectively provide nutrient to macro algal phyto-remediation agent in a land base co-cultivation system?

Question

Passive system can selectively expose excess nutrient to the macro algal bed before it is competitively consumed by micro algae.

Hypothesis

Harvesting rate of seaweed

Nutrient absorption rate

Monitoring system

Numerical model construction by Maximum Sustainable Yield,

and parameter assimilations

Comparative study between passive and batch systems, and

significant test

Low impact water quality monitoring system by Ion-Chromatography and Flow

ingection Analysis

A new algorithm to design and monitor phyto-remediational plant by seaweed propagation

Significant efficiency of passive phytoremediation System

New system to monitor NH4

+, NO3-, NO2

-, PO43-,

COD within 2ml sample.

One (1) indexed and one (1) non indexed pulication accepted

One (1) indexed and one (1) non indexed pulication accepted

One (1) indexed and one (1) non indexed pulication

acceptedOne (1) patent

Objectives to be acheved

Expected result and indicator

Report writing/submission

Appendix 2.

7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6

General procedures

1 Review of literature

2Experimental passive phyto- remediation systemconstruction

3Water quality analyzer (IC-FIA hyphenated system)construction

4Numerical model development to investigate optimumseaweed harvesting rate

5Water quality behavior analysis of experimentalcultivation system

6 Optimum harvesting rate analysis

7 Result analysis

8 Report writing

M1Completion of the numerical model construction byMuximum Sustainable Yield. M1

M2 Water quality analyzer construction and calibration M2

M3Comparative study between passive and batch systems,and significant test M3

M4Numerical model and experimental data assimilationanalysis to maximize nutrient uptake and harvesting rate M4

M5 Submission of report M5Mx: Planned milestone.

20132011

Note. If Dr. Akira KIKUCHI will leave from University Teknologi Malaysia, because of the expired day of the contract on March 31, 2013, one of a memberof this research, Dr.Mohd. Ismid bin Mohd. Said will complete this research. However, if Dr. Akira KIKUCHI continue to work he will complete this research.

Project Activities/ Month2012

Milestones

Appendix 2.

LIST OF EQUIPTMENTS AND JUSTIFICATION (V35000)

EQUIPTMENT JUSTIFICATION

System controller for IC and FIA hyphenated system. (RM700 x1)

The main analysis of this research numerical model and experimental parameter assimilation. Thereby Ion Chromatography (IC) and Flow Injection Analysis hyphenated system need to be controlled by PC, and huge amount of water quality data are analyzed with numerical model. Accordingly, one PC for system control and database management is inevitable.

All these materials are selected from common quality choice, and estimated as market price.

Appendix 3.