Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo

de manila(1872-1877)

• Four months after the martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za and Doña Teodora still in prison, Jose was sent to Manila.

• He studied in Ateneo Municipal, a college under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits

• The Jesuits returned to Manila in 1859, they were given the management of the Escuela Pia or what we now know as Ateneo de Manila

Ateneo de Manila during the Spanish regime

Rizal Enters the Ateneo

• June 10, 1872, accompanied by Paciano went to Manila

• His father, change his mind and decided to send him to Ateneo instead.

• He again return to Manila, again accompanied by Paciano, Matriculated at the Ateneo Municipal.

Rizal Enters the Ateneo

• Father Magin Ferrando, who was the college registrar, refused to admit him.

• Rizal was then eleven years old• Manuel Xerez Burgos intercession• Jose was the first of his family to adopt the

surname “Rizal”• He first boarded in a house outside

Intramuros

Jesuit System of Education

• The Jesuit system of education is more advanced than that of other colleges in that period.

• The student heard Mass in the morning before beginning of the daily class.

• Students were divided into two groups: The “Roman Empire” and The “Carthaginian Empire”

Jesuit System of Education

• The two groups has an emperor which is the best student

• The Ateneo students in Rizal’s time wore a uniform which consisted of “hemp-fabric trousers” and “striped cotton coat”

Rizal’s First Year in Ateneo(1872-73)

• June, 1872, Rizal first heard Mass• Fr. Jose Bech, Rizal’s first professor in the

Ateneo• Rizal was placed at the bottom of the

class.• He progressed rapidly and at the end of

the month he became “emperor”.• He took private lessons in Santa Isabel

College

Summer Vacation(1873)

• He placed second at the end of the year• End of the school year in March, 1873 and

the start of his summer vacation• His mother was in prison• He went to Santa Cruz

Second Year in Ateneo(1873-74)

• Rizal repented having neglected his studies the previous year

• The three boys from Biñan• Rizal received excellent grades in all

subjects and a gold medal.

Prophecy of Mother’s Release

• Rizal immediately go to Santa Cruz in order to visit his mother

• The Prophecy of Rizal to his mother

Joseph(Son of Jacob)

Doña Teodora compare Rizal’s ability to interpret dreams to Joseph

Teenage Interest in Reading

• Summer Vacation in 1874 in Calamba• The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander

Dumas• Cesar Cantu’s historical work entitled

Universal History• Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Feodor

Jagor

Third Year in Ateneo(1875-76)

• June 1874– Rizal returned to the Ateneo– His mother is release from prison

• He won only one gold medal in Latin• He failed to win the medal in Spanish• End of school year(March 1875)

Fourth Year in Ateneo(1875-1876)

• June 16, 1875, he became an interno in Ateneo

• Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez• He won five medals at the end of the

school term.• He returned to Calamba for his summer

vacation (March 1876)

Last Year in Ateneo(1876-77)

• Rizal returned to Manila in June 1876• He was “the pride of the Jesuits”• He obtained the highest grades in all

subject

Graduation with Highest Honors

• March 23, 1877 – Commencement Day• Prayed at the college chapel: “to the Virgin

so that when I should step into that world, which inspired me with so much terror, she would protect me,”

Extra-Curricular Activities in Ateneo

• Marian Congregation – secretary : devotion to Our Lady of Immaculate Conception

• Spanish Literature• Academy of Natural Sciences• Father Sanchez - literature• Father Jose Villaclara – practical studies• Agustin Saez – painting• Romualdo de Jesus – sculpting• Tio Manuel – gymnastics and fencing

Sculptural Works in Ateneo

• Image of the Virgin Mary – batikuling (Philippine hardwood using a pocket knife)

• Father Lleonart – requested him to carve the image of Sacred Heart of Jesus

Anecdotes on Rizal, the Atenean

• Felix M. Roxas – resignation to pain and forgiveness

• Mansano and Lesaca – quarreled and violently hurled books at each other

• Manuel Xeres Burgos – boarded shortly• Julio Meliza from Iloilo – crying because of

the kite

Poems Written in Ateneo

• Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration) – dedicated to his mother

• 1875:• Felicitacion (Felicitation)• El Embarque: Himno a la Flota de Magallanes

(The Departure: Hymn to Magellan’s Fleet)• Y Es Espanol: Elcano, el Primero en dar la

Vuelta al Mundo (And He is Spanish: Elcano, the First to Circumnavigate the world.

• El Combate: Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo (The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo)

• 1876: religion, education, childhood memories, and war

• Education: “Through Education Our Motherland Receives Light”

• “The Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education”

• Religion: “Al Nino Jesus” (To the Child Jesus)• 1877: last year in Ateneo

Dramatic Work in Ateneo

• Father Sanchez – requested Rizal to write a drama based on the prose story of St. Eustace the Martyr

• San Eustacio, Martir

First Romance of Rizal

• Segunda Katigbak – 14-yr. old Batanguena from Lipa

• Visited his maternal grandmother in Trozo, Manila with his friend Mariano Katigbak

• Segunda’s portrait• Came to know Segunda more intimately during

his weekly visits to La Concordia College• “a love at first sight”• Hopeless – Segunda engaged to Manuel Luz

• Thursday – December 1877; Visited her at La Concordia College to say goodbye

• First Romance: “ruined by his own shyness and reserve,”

RIZAL AT THEUNIVERSITY OFSANTO TOMAS

(1877-1882)

Mother’s Opposition to Higher Education

Her Reason: If Rizal gets to learn more, the Spaniards will cut off his head.

In contrary, Paciano and Don Francisco wanted Rizal to pursue College Education.

Take note:

The Bachelor of Arts degree during Spanish times was equivalent to a high school diploma today.

ENROLLMENT AT USTPhilosophy and Letters during his freshman

year. (1877-1878) Why Philosophy & Letters?

1.) Don Francisco liked it.

2.) Uncertainty on what course to take up.

3.) Failure to solicit the advice of Father Ramon Pablo, Ateneo’s Rector, who was then at Mindanao.

Rizal’s Grades (1877-1878)

Philosophy and Letters Cosmology & Metaphysics Sobresaliente Theodicy Sobresaliente History of Philosophy Sobresaliente

Conversion Sobresaliente = 1.00 Excellent Notable, Aprovechade = 1.50 Very Good Bueno = 2.00 Good Mediano = 2.50 Fair Aprovado = 3.00 Passed Suspenso = 4.00 Conditioned Reprobado = 5.00 Failed

UST was under the Dominicans, rival of the Jesuits in education.

He remained loyal to Ateneo, participated in extracurricular activities and completed a course in surveying in that same school.

perito agrimensor November 25, 1881

Extra-curricular activities in Ateneo

while studying at UST:President of the Academy of Spanish LiteratureSecretary of the Academy of Natural SciencesSecretary of the Marian Congregation

Other Extra-curricular Activities • Literary contests:

Liceo Artistico Literario de Manila A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth)El Consej de los Dioses (The Council of the

Gods)

• Wrote one-act play:Junto al Pasig

• Poems:Abd el-Aziz y Mohama Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon

Medical Studies at UST

Shifting from PHL & Letters to Medicine. Why did Rizal Shift to Medical course?

1.) Don Pablo Ramon, Ateneo Rector, advised him to choose medicine.

2.) Rizal wanted to cure his mother’s growing blindness.

Scholastic Records from 1878-1882

1st year – Medicine (1878-1879) Physics Fair Chemistry Excellent Natural History Fair Anatomy 1 Good Dissection 1 Good

2nd year – Medicine (1879-1880)

Anatomy 2 Good

Dissection 2 Good

Physiology Good

Private Hygiene Good

Public Hygiene Good

3rd year – Medicine (1880-1881)

General Pathology Fair

Therapeutics Excellent

Surgery Good

4th year – Medicine (1881-1882) Medical Pathology Very Good Surgical Pathology Very Good Obstetrics Very Good

Reasons Why Rizal didn’t enjoy his stay at UST:

1.) Hostility of Dominican Professors to him.

2.) Racial discrimination against Filipino students.

3.) Dissatisfaction with the method of instruction.

Reasons why Rizal performed poorly at UST:

1.) Medicine is not his vocation.

2.) Discontentment with the system of education.

3.) Distractions of youth.

Romances• Segunda Katigbak - Rizal’s puppy love

Batangas

• Miss L – fair with seductive and attractive eyesCalamba

• Leonor Valenzuela – OrangPagsanjan, LagunaParents: Capitan Juan and Capitana Sanday

ValenzuelaRizal sent love notes written in invisible ink

• Leonor Rivera – a frail, beautiful girl, tender as a budding flower with kindly wistful eyes

Camiling, TarlacApril 11, 1867Father: Antonio Rivera University: La Concordia CollegeTaimis

• Vicenta YbardalozaPagsanjanCan play Harp

Student Activism at UST• Rizal displayed his leadership in

student activism.• Indio/chongo vs kastila/bangus• Bitter hostility exist• Racial animosity

Compañerismo(The Comradeship)

– Inspired by Alexander Dumas, Three Musketeers

– Secret Society of Filipino Students Companions of Jehu

Inspired by Les Compagnons de JehuRizal (president)Galiciano Apacible (secretary)

• Humiliating treatment of brown Filipino students

• Archaic method of instruction at UST• Favoritism & skin color – criteria for

academic performance

Spanish Brutality happened during his 1st summer

vacation at Calamba after his freshman year.

Failure to perceive a lieutenant during that night.

Gen. Primo de Rivera – Gov. General of the Philippines at that time.

Finishing Medicine at UST

• Notable in all of his subjects.• He was the 2nd best student in a class of

seven who passed the medicine course.

Decision to Go to Europe To complete his medical course in

Barcelona, Spain. To make a name for himself in the field

of Journalism. To observe and study European

Society. To prepare himself for the task of

liberating the Filipinos from Spanish Tyranny.

Important Literary Works as a University Student (UST)

LITERARY WORKS

ᴥEl Consejo de los DiosesᴥJunto al PasigᴥA FilipinasᴥTo the Filipino Youth (A La Juv

entud Filipina)

To the Filipino Youth

(A La Juventud Filipina)

To the Filipino Youth

oLiceo Artistico Literario de Manilao1879oGrand prize

To the Filipino Youth• 1st Stanza:

Unfold, oh timid flower!

Lift up your radiant brow,This day, Youth of my native strand!Your abounding talents showResplendently and grand,Fair hope of my Motherland!

To the Filipino Youth

• 9th Stanza

Run! For genius' sacred flameAwaits the artist's crowningSpreading far and wide the fameThroughout the sphere proclaimingWith trumpet the mortal's name

To the Filipino Youth

• 10th Stanza

Oh, joyful, joyful day,The Almighty blessed beWho, with loving eagernessSends you luck and happiness

References:

• Rizalina site (www.seasite.niu.edu)• Jose Rizal: Social Reformer and Patriot

by De Viana et al.

References:

• Rizalina site (www.seasite.niu.edu)• Jose Rizal: Social Reformer and Patriot

by De Viana et al.• Rizal and the Development of Filipino

Nationalism by Garcia et al.• Jose Rizal: Life, Works and Writings of a

Genius, Writer, Scientist and a National Hero