rda (resource description and access) for school libraries sonia m. gementiza, phd library director,...

RDA (Resource Description and Access) for School Libraries

Sonia M. Gementiza, PhD

Library Director, DLSU Dasmarinas

August 30, 2013 Rizal Library, Ateneo de Manila UniversityKatipunan Avenue, Quezon City

Objectives Understand the role of FRBR and FRAD in

Resource Description and Access (RDA)

Understand the impact of RDA on cataloging tasks

Understand the impact of RDA on user operations

Consider a strategy for implementing RDA in the school library media center

What do we need to learn about RDA?

• The main questions being asked are: How do we use it? How do we implement it in our

library? Are vendors creating new systems

that use it? • Perhaps the most challenging aspect

will be learning the complexity of the FRBR entity-relationship models in which information resources are classified as:

• Works, Expressions, Manifestations, and Items (often referred to as WEMI).

3

Where we are and how we got here

Resource Description and Access (RDA) replaces Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd ed. (AACR2) in January 2010, as an online database product to incorporate the features and functionalities of online access. (JSC, www.rda-jsc.org/)

Work began in 2004, initially conceived as AACR3 but need for greater flexibility drove the movement to a new approach

Based in part on conceptual models in Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) and Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD)

Motivated by :

Changes in technology

• Impact on descriptive/access data

• Book catalogs

• Card catalogs

• OPACs

• Next generation

Move from the isolated individual library to incorporation of the international audience

Move from classes of materials to elements and values (more controlled vocabularies)4

5

Bibliographic Universe

Books Serials Maps, globes, etc. Manuscripts. Musical scores A-V

sound recordings motion pictures photographs,

slides Multimedia “Remote” digital

materials Etc.

Intention of RDA

Broaden the statement of principles (Paris Principles) All types of resources (not just books)

Bibliographic relationships, descriptive cataloging, not Subject Cataloging at this time

Access (not just choice and form of entry, but all access for bibliographic and authority records)

Builds on Great cataloguing traditions of the world

FRBR and FRAD and future FR-Subjects

6

AACR2 vs. RDA: Difference in Proportions

AACR2 Descriptin of information entities—13 chapters

(Part 1) (2-12 focus on separate format) Weak on access points; talks of main and

added (MAP, AAP), have to look all over Part II for access point provisions (e.g., title access points are discussed in chapter 21 only and then only as a default provision, not much direction)

Is not really based on the idea of a “work”, rather it is very much based on the unit record system.

7

AACR2 vs. RDA, continuedRDA Description is covered in 4 chapters, everything

else is about access points Form is no longer the first decision; chapters are

not based on form (e.g., no longer have chapters 2-12 as in AACR2)

Does not focus on the unit record system—it can be, but it doesn’t need to do so—rather it operates on the idea of a “work”

Does not put the cataloger in the decision of having to decide Main and Added Access points; we don’t need those distinctions any longer although it does use the idea of a “preferred access point”

8

RDA and AACR2

How RDA Differs from AACR2

Not organized by form of item

Based on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)

How RDA is similar to AACR2

Most rules will not change

Discusses description and access points

9

10

RESOURCE DESCRIPTION AND ACCESS (RDA)

RECORDING ATTRIBUTES Introduction Section 1. Chapters 1-4

Recording attributes of manifestation and itemSection 2. Chapters 5-7

Recording attributes of work and expressionSection 3. Chapters 8-11

Recording attributes of person, family, and corporate body

Section 4. Chapters 12-16Recording attributes of concept, object, event, and place

RECORDING RELATIONSHIPS Section 5. Chapter 17

Recording primary relationships between work, expression, manifestation, and item

Section 6. Chapters 18-22Recording relationships to persons, families, and corporate bodies

Section 7. Chapters 23Recording relationships to concepts, objects, events, and places associated with a work

Section 8. Chapters 24-28Recording relationships between works, expressions, manifestations, and items

Section 9. Chapters 29-32Recording relationships between persons, families, and corporate bodies

Section 10. Chapters 33-37Recording relationships between concepts, objects, events, and places

Appendices A-M Glossary

ANGLO-AMERICAN CATALOGUING RULES, 2ND ED., REV.

PART I DESCRIPTION Introduction Chapter 1.

General RulesChapters 2-12

Special rules applicable to particular types of information resources (i.e., maps, manuscripts, music, etc.)

Chapter 13 Analytical descriptions

PART I HEADINGS, UNIFORM TITLES AND REFERENCES Chapter 20

IntroductionChapter 21

Choice of Access points [main and added]Chapter 22

Headings for personsChapter 23

Geographic namesChapter 24

Headings for Corporate BodiesChapter 25

Uniform TitlesChapter 26

References Appendices A-EIndex

How much must I re-learn?

RDA now outlines the first step in creating a catalog record as deciding on the type of description to be represented, and not deciding on format, although format is still integral

Types of description (rules 1.2) Comprehensive, analytical, or multi-level

description More emphasis on showing bibliographic

relationships (e.g., taxonomy of bibliographic relationships) in order to better allow clustering of records Read--works by B. Tillett, R. Smiraglia; M. Yee, S.

Vellucci, E. O’Neill, D. Vizine-Goetz, just to name a few…

11

Preparation

Cataloging community must study the conceptual model offered by FRBR and FRAD

Read and study drafts of RDA as released

Provide feedback to JSC and vendors

Have the trial access of RDA

Vendors must consider a re-design of their automation systems in order to incorporate new functionality of bibliographic and authority data

Vendors producing bibliographic records must consider how and when to add the new RDA fields to MARC records

12

What’s a conceptual model?

• Abstract depiction of the universe of things being described The things in that universe

(entities) Identifying characteristics of those

entities (attributes/elements) The relationships among the

entities13

Why do we need FRBR?

Improve the user experience in locating information Guide systems designs for the future Guide rule makers

Cut costs for the description and access to resources in our libraries

Position information providers to better operate in the Internet environment and beyond

14

Applications of the Conceptual Model

FRBR is conceptual model No application is

prescribed Opportunities for

the future in new systems designs Australia, Europe Variations3, etc.

Keep user foremost in mind

15

Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)

User tasks Find Identify Select Obtain

Entity-relationship model Entities: Group 1, 2, 3 Relationships Attributes

National level record elements (mandatory & optional data)

16

FRBR Entities

Group 1:Products of intellectual & artistic endeavor = bibliographic resources

Work Expression Manifestation Item

17

FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model

Entities Relationships Attributes (data

elements)

18

relationship

One Entity Another Entity

FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model

19

created

Shakespeare Hamletwas created by

Pers

on W

or

k

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Work

Physical -recording ofcontent

Intellectual/artistic content

is realized through

is embodied in

is exemplified by

20

Vocabulary

“Book”

21

–Door prop(item)

–“publication” at bookstore any copy

(manifestation)

Vocabulary

“Book”

22

–Who translated?(expression)

–Who wrote?

(work)

Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

is realized through

is embodied in

is exemplified by

recursive

one

many

Group 1

23

24

Elements to Describe Resources Work

ID Title Date etc.

Expression ID Form Date Language etc.

Manifestation ID Title Statement of

responsibility Edition Imprint (place,

publisher, date) Form/extent of

carrier Terms of availability Mode of access etc.

Item ID Provenance Location etc.

25

Work

Expressions

Les Trois Mousquetaires

text

movie

French

26

Manifestations

books

VideocassettesDVDs

CDs 27

Examples

1. Leatherbound autographed copy in Rare Books Collection?

2. Digitized version of the Oxford University Press text published in 2008?

3. French translation?4. London Symphony Orchestra

2005 performance?5. The Three Musketeers?

28

Item

Manifestation

Expression

Expression

Work

Original Work - Same

Expression

Same Work – New Expression

New WorkCataloging Rules Cut-Off Point

DerivativeEquivalent Descriptive

Facsimile

Reprint

ExactReproduction

Copy

MicroformReproduction

Variations or Versions

Translation

Simultaneous“Publication”

Edition

Revision

SlightModification

ExpurgatedEdition

IllustratedEdition

AbridgedEdition

Arrangement

SummaryAbstractDigest

Change of Genre

Adaptation

DramatizationNovelizationScreenplay

Libretto

FreeTranslation

Same Style orThematic Content

Parody

Imitation

Review

Criticism

AnnotatedEdition

Casebook

Evaluation

Commentary

Family of Works

29

30

Relationships Inherent among

the Group 1 entities

Content relationships among works/expressions

Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Whole-Part

AccompanyingSequentialDerivative

FRBR Entities

Group 1: Bibliographic resources Work Expression Manifestation Item

31

FRBR Entities

Group 2: Those responsible for the intellectual & artistic content = Parties Person Corporate body Family

32

Relationship vs. Element

33

Work PersonCreated by

Creates

Ham

let S

hake

spear

e

Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

34

Group 2

many

is owned by

is produced by

is realized by

is created by

Person

Corporate Body

Family

FRBR Entities

Group 3:Subjects of works Groups 1 & 2 plus Concept Object Event Place

Subject relationship35

Subject Relationship

36

Work PersonCreated by

Creates

Concept/Topic

has subject

is subject of

Work

37

Group 3

many

has as subject

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Person

Corporate Body

Work

Concept

Object

Event

Place

has as subject

has as subject

Family

FRBR Benefits Collocation

Better organization to catalog

More options to display

Identifying elements

Pathways

38

Simplify cataloging enabling links and re-use of identifying elements

Objectives of Catalogs

Cutter’s objectives for the catalogFinding - description and access

standardsCollocating - controlled

“vocabularies” for precision of searching

“User Tasks” - FRBR

Find (locate and collocate)

Identify

Select

Obtain

Relate/Navigate

Objectives of Catalogs

Finding (locate) A single specific resource

Collocating (sets of resources) All resources belonging to the same work All resources belonging to the same expression All resources belonging to the same

manifestation All the works and expressions of a person,

corporate body, or family All resources on a given subject All resources sharing some specific characteristic

Language, place of publication, date, etc.

Collocation by Works

Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616.

+ All’s well that ends well

+ As you like it

+ Hamlet

+ Macbeth

+ Midsummer night’s dream

+ …

Collocation by Family of Works and Expressions

Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.

+ Texts

+ Motion Pictures

+ Sound Recordings

Collocation by Expressions

Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.+ Texts – Danish

+ Texts – Dutch

+ Texts – English

+ Texts – French

+ Texts – Spanish

+ Motion Pictures – English

+ Sound Recordings - English

Collocation of Manifestations

Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.

- Motion pictures – English

+ 1964 Director, Bill Collegan

+ 1990 Director, Kevin Kline, Kirk Browning

+ 1990 Director, Franco Zeffirelli

+ 1992 Director, Maria Muat

+ 1996 Director, Kenneth Branagh

+ 2000 Director, Campbell Scott, Eric Simonson

46

Collocation

Objectives of a catalog: display

All the works associated with a person, etc.

All the expressions of the same work

All the manifestations of the same expression

All items/copies of the same manifestation

Hamlet

Stockholm2008

English

Swedish

French

German

Shakespeare

Library of CongressCopy 1Green leather binding

Romeo andJuliet

47

Pathways to Related Works

Hamlet

Stockholm2008

English

Swedish

French

German

Shakespeare

Library of CongressCopy 1Green leather binding

Romeo andJuliet

Stoppard

Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead

Tex

t

Movies…

Derivativ

e

w

orks

Subject

LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par Andre Gide.Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm.

CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or

Area Studies Reading Rms

Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.

48





Work

Person49





Expression

50





Manifestation

51





Item

52

FRBR-based systems

53

Work

Manifestation

Person

Expression

Manifestation

Item Item

Item

Concept

Corporate body

Person

MARC 21 Changes (slide from “RDA and OCLC”, Webinar presentation, October 2009. K. Calhoun, J. Godby, T. Fons, and G.Patton)

Bibliographic records 040 ‡e code ‘rda’ to identify the rules used New fields for content type, media type and

carrier type Field 336 – Content type Field 337 – Media type Field 338 – Carrier type

Authority records 040 ‡e code ‘rda’ to identify the rules used Other fields for entity attributes OCLC implementation in time for use in the

testing

54

Content, media, and carrier types

Content type MARC Leader/06 - must continue to use

Less granular than RDA MARC LDR/06 code examples

e - cartographic material f - manuscript cartographic material

New field 336 - use to record exact RDA terms $a Content type terms$2 Source RDA term examples

cartographic dataset cartographic image cartographic moving image cartographic tactile image cartographic tactile three-dimensional form cartographic three-dimensional form

336 ## $a cartographic dataset $2 rda55

Content, media, and carrier types Media type

MARC 007/00 – close match with RDA 007 provides coding for multiple facets of resource

MARC 007/00 code examples h - microform s - sound recording

New field 337 - use to record exact RDA terms and/or do not need to code additional facets of resource

$a Media type term$2 Source RDA term examples

microform audio

337 ## $a microform $2 rda 337 ## $a audio $2 rda 56

Content, media, and carrier types Carrier type

MARC 007/01 – close match with RDA 007 provides coding for multiple facets of resource

MARC 007/01 code examples b - microfilm cartridge d - sound disc

New field 338 - use to record exact RDA terms and do not need to code additional facets of resource

$a Carrier type term$2 Source RDA term examples

microform cartridge audio disc

338 ## $a microfilm cartridge $2 rda 338 ## $a audio disc $2 rda 57

Who’s ready now?

VTLS - Virtua http://www.vtls.com/products/virtua

Automation system designed with FRBR concepts

The Primo® system from Ex Libris http://www.exlibrisgroup.com

FRBRized interface to streamline the discovery process.

100 $a Preferred name for the person $d Date of birth 240 $a Preferred title for the work $l Language of expression 245 $a Title proper $c Statement of responsibility relating to title proper250 $a Designation of edition260 $a Place of publication $b Publisher’s name $c Date of publication300 $a Extent338 $a Carrier type500 $a Nature of the content…700 $a Preferred name for the person $c Title of the person$e Relationship designator700 $a Preferred name for the person $c Profession or occupation$e Relationship designator730 $a Preferred title for the work $d Date of work740 $a Variant title

BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD

100 $a Preferred name for the person $d Date of birth$t Preferred title for the work $l Language of expression530 $a Preferred title for the work $d Date of work$0 Identifier for the work…

NAME-TITLE AUTHORITY RECORD

Linked bibliographic and authority records

100 $a Preferred name for the person $c Title of the person400 $a Variant name for the person500 $a Preferred name for the person $d Date of birth $0 Identifier for the person…

NAME AUTHORITY RECORD

100 $a Preferred name for the person $c Profession or occupation400 $a Variant name for the person…


130 $a Preferred title for the work $d Date of work500 $a Preferred name for the person $d Date of birth$t Preferred title for the work $l Language of expression $0 Identifier for the work…

TITLE AUTHORITY RECORD

100 $a Preferred name for the person $d Date of birth 400 $a Variant name for the person500 $a Preferred name for the person $c Title of the person$0 Identifier for the person…


506 $a Restrictions on access561 $a Custodial history of item562 $a Item-specific carrier characteristic…

HOLDINGS RECORD

1 2

3

Manifestation Record - VTLS

60

What’s new in RDA?

Selected examples for a comparison with AACR2

Adam Schiff's

slide62

Inaccuracies for monograph title

Adam Schiff's

slide63

Adam Schiff's

slide64

Adam Schiff's

slide65

Adam Schiff's

slide66

Adam Schiff's

slide67

Rule of three

Adam Schiff's

slide68

Adam Schiff's

slide69

Adam Schiff's

slide70

Adam Schiff's

slide71

Adam Schiff's

slide72

Adam Schiff's

slide73

Adam Schiff's

slide74

Adam Schiff's

slide75

Adam Schiff's

slide76

77

New: identifying families (authority records) RDA 8.1.2=“two or more persons related by birth,

marriage, adoption, etc. Scope:

Now considered creators, contributors, etc. Important for archives, museums, and special collections

Examples: 100 3# Ingebretson (Family) 376 ## Family Date associated with the family (RDA 10.4) 046 ## 1925 $t 1976 100 3# Pahlavi (Dynasty : $d 1925-1979) 376 ## Dynasty Place associated with the family 046 ## 1529 $t 1739 100 3# Nayak (Dynasty : $d 1529-1739 : Madurai, India) 370 ## Madurai, India 376 ## Dynasty

78

MARC21New and updated tags

79

MARC21 new & updated tags

Bibliographic records Leader/18: “i” 033—Date/Time, and place of event [LC: TBD] 040 $e rda 260 $c—give “copyright date” after publication date 336--content type; 337--media type; 338--carrier type 380-384: Form of work, medium of performance &

numeric designation, etc. [LC policy to be decided] 518—Date/Time and place of event note [LC: TBD] 533/776: LC decision on reproduction policy

80

MARC21 new & updated tags Authority records

008/10—Descriptive cataloging rules: use “z” (other) [A value is not defined for RDA]

040 $e rda 046 $k Beginning or single date created [TBD] 046 $l Ending date created [TBD] 370--Associated place; 371—Address; 372—

Field of activity; 373—Affiliation; 374—Occupation; 375—Gender; 376: Family information; 377—Associated languages [used to be 670; implementing the FRAD]

380-384: Form of work; Other characteristics; Medium of performance; Numeric designation of a musical work; key [TBD]

500-530: $4—relationship code; $w/0 “r”—control subfield

81

Summary: initial observations (B. Jones)

Benefits: Authority record is much more strengthened with

more information even though they are optional elements.

If 336-338 information will be processed well in discovery tool, it would be a great source for facet searching or collocating.

Try to be more user-friendly, e.g. spell-out form Go beyond MARC community Outreach international community

Concerns: RDA Toolkit: no index

Hard to search and navigate Top priority for the enhancement in the next release

82

Summary: initial observations Concerns:

RDA is not format-based, so harder to catalog specific type of resources.

RDA does not have sufficient examples; therefore, other resources are extremely helpful for creating RDA records, e.g.

Workflows in Toolkit, LC examples, JSC examples, Adam Schiff’s slides, University of Chicago’s examples on website, esp. with OPAC view

Repetitive information, esp. for AV materials

It takes longer to catalog if more information added to bibliographic and authority records.

Questions?

Thank You.

http://www.rda-jsc.org/rda.html

http://www.rdaonline.org/constituencyreview/ http://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/rda/

http://www.rdaonline.org

Schultz-Jones, B. (Nov. 2009) Presentation on RDA: What Does it Mean to School Library Resource Description and Access ?

rda (resource description and access) for school libraries sonia m. gementiza, phd library director,...

Documents

access rda

impact of rda

intention of rda

rda resource description

time access

continued rda description

access points form

title access points