rise of fascism
TRANSCRIPT
Ascension of Fascism
An answer to difficult timesPost-war period
HungerMajority of working force deceasedWar debtUnfair post-war treatyUnemployment Resentment
Great DepressionRampaging Inflation
Fascism
FascismExtreme right party
Against communismExtreme nationalism
Loyalty to the State and Leader
MilitarismDiscipline
DictatorshipCensorship
The individual is a diseaseConservatism
Support from the Catholic Church
Definition
The Fall of LiberalismIn the inter-war period many countries
abandon Democracy In Europe only the UK, Finland, Ireland, Sweden
and Swiss remained minimally liberal In America only Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, the US and Uruguai In 1944, only 12 out of the 65 free countries were
constitutional democracies elected by popular vote
Fascism
“Democracy is beautiful in theory, in reality it is a falacy”
Mussolini
Born on July, 29 1883In Dovia di
Predappio
Son of Alessandro Mussolini
A socialist with anarchist inclinations
Mussolini
Mussolini went to WW IFor a communist it was
betrail!He saw an opportunity to
overthrow the monarchyExpelled from the Party
Mussolini
The Fascist PartyWas founded by Mussolini in 1921 out of a
paramilitary organization from 1919"Socialism as a doctrine was already dead; it
continued to exist only as a grudge”
The Party gets more powerAs the economic situation of Italy worsens, his ideas gain popularity
The Brown Shirts200 members
Mussolini
March on Rome30.000 fascists march on RomeThey demand the king Victor Emanuel III name Mussolini as Prime Minister
Mussolini gets supportMilitary, bourgeoisie, bigproprietors e right wing liberals
Mussolini was againstCommunists, strikes, workers rights and any type of social agitation
Mussolini
Il Duce as a Prime MinisterForbade all other political parties
Arrested or assassinated his opponents
Gave control over the economy to the big proprietors
Imposed censorship
Outlawed strikes
Mussolini
and met Hitler
Mussolini
“Jews may be a race, but they are certainly not human.”
Hitler
Economy in shreds1 dolar was worth4.2 million marks
Treaty of VersaillesHuge DebtMilitary Restrictions
Nazism
NazismUltra- Nacionalism
XenophobiaPersecution of jews, gypsy, blacks, impaired,
homossexuals, Jeova witnesses, priests, communists, anyone with different political ideas
Extreme right party
MilitarismDiscipline
DictatorshipCensorship
Conservatism
Definition
Basic principles of the Nazi StateAryan Superiority
Pure and superior to othersDestined to rule
Anti-semitismPersecution to jewsBlamed for everything going
wrong in Germany
Vital Space (Lebensraun) It was necessary to conquer all
the Old Germania for the aryan ascension
Definition
Born on April, 20 of 1889In Salzburg, Áustria
Son of Alois e Klara Hitler
The forth sonAlois e Klara had 5
children, only 3 of which survived until adulthood
Hitler
Violent relationship with his fatherAlois was abusive with all the
family
Difficulties in schoolHe studied in a very strict
schoolLittle Hitler didn’t do well
thereEspecially after the passing of
his brother measles
Financial troubleAlois died in 1903
Hitler
Hitler
Life in LinzRelations between jews and his family were relatively
friendly
Anti-semitism“There were few Jews in Linz. In the course of centuries
their outward appearance had become Europeanized and had taken on a human look; in fact, I even took them for Germans. The absurdity of this idea did not dawn on me because I saw no distinguishing feature but the strange religion. The fact that they had, as I believed, been persecuted on this account sometimes almost turned my distaste at unfavorable remarks about them into horror. Thus far I did not so much as suspect the existence of an organized opposition to the Jews. Then I came to Vienna.”
Hitler
“Once, as I was strolling through the Inner City, I suddenly encountered an apparition in a black caftan and black hair locks. Is this a Jew? was my first thought. For, to be sure, they had not looked like that in Linz. I observed the man furtively and cautiously, but the longer I stared at this foreign face, scrutinizing feature for feature, the more my first question assumed a new form: Is this a German?”
Soldier in WW1 Austrian citizen
Joined the bavarian army Mixed force (austrian and german)
Medals 2 Iron Crosses
Bravery Wounded badge
Wounded Injured by a granade
In his groin (officialy his thigh) Temporarily blind
Mustard gas
ArmisticeHated the Weimar Republic with his guts
Adolf Hitler
Women’s rights Women were theoretically
equal in the Nazi State There were specific medals
for women
Sober Didin’t drink Didn’t smoke Vegetarian
Animal welfare
Addicted to methanfetamina It wasn’t considered na
illegal drug at the time
Believed in astrology Sagitarian Batallion
Hitler
Eva Braum
Blondi
Hitler
Nationalsozialistische Deutsche ArbeiterparteiIn 1919, Hitler becomes
a memberIn the beginning, a spy from
the armyLater, he becomes the artist of the party, with the job to draw the Nazi flag.
Hitler
Hitler
Great public speakerHitler was a stutterer in
childhoodStrange accentHe was very short!
SpeechesHitler gained notoriety for
hisControversial speeches against the Treaty of Versailles, polititians, and especially communists and jews
Hitler
Beer Hall Putsch8 of November 1923 in MunichHitler and the Nazi party invaded a meeting of
political adversaries in a Beer hallAnnounced the end of the government!
Next day, they marched onMunich
Like the fascists
They were all either caught of killed
Hitler
Hitler was arrested for treasonHe got 5 years in prison
He was well treated He had visits of followers and
jornalists Became famous!
Turned out to spend only one year in prison
Hitler
Mein KampfWhile in jail, Hitler wrote the first book of his
autobiographyThe original title read: Four and a Half Years of
Struggle against Lies, Stupidity, and CowardiceAutobiography andexposition of his ideology It sold 228.000 copiesbetween 1925 e 19321 million copies in 1933, his first year in office
Hitler
Ascension to powerGreat Depression
The impact on the already battered up Economy of the Weimar Republic was terrrible
The Nazi Party had now support from the massesThey promised to reject the
Treaty of Versailles, strenghten the economy and create jobsAnd did so!
Hitler
Ascension to PowerNamed Chancelor
Prime MinisterThe ineffective government of the Weimar Republic under
Von Hindenburg shifted the support of the elite toward Hitler
President Von Hindenburg dies
August 1934Probably assassinated
Führer A mix of president and chancelor
They held a plebiscite in which90% voted yes Fraud?
Hitler
Dictatorship beginsSupression of all
political parties
Syndicates were bannedLeaders are arrested
or murdered
Hitler
“At the risk of appearing to talk nonsense I tell you that the National Socialist movement will go on for 1,000 years! ... Don't forget how people laughed at me 15 years ago when I declared that one day I would govern Germany. They laugh now, just as foolishly, when I declare that I shall remain in power!”
Hitler
Third ReichEconomy and war effort
Strengthening the Armed forcesWhere did the money come from?
From everything that they took from the jews!
Infrastructure paid for by the State
Unemployment dropped from 6 Million in 1932 to 1 million in 1936
Hitler
Third ReichWar alliances
Anti-Comintern PactAnti-communist
Germany + Japan + Italy1937
Hitler starts to occupy territoryLebensraun
Remilitarization of demilitarized areas
Hitler