Chapter 31 Lesson 1 Notes

The Rise of Fascism Following World War I

Mussolini Hitler Franco

Fascism

chauvinistic

1. (extremely nationalistic)militaristic

2. (glorifies in war)

totalitarian

3. (dictatorial)

4. The term, fascism, comes from an ancient

Roman symbol that has always represented

authority

5. The symbol, the fasces, is

represented by a bundle of

wooden sticks wrapped

together that included a

bronze ax tied on one side.

6. hatred for

democracy

because this form of

government is…

7. based on citizens’

unalienable rights of

life,

liberty, and the

pursuit of happiness

8. hatred for

communism

because this form of

government is:

9. based on noseparation of

classes;

instead, supported a

world-wide

“dictatorship

of the proletariat”

(the

working class);

not chauvinistic;

not even nationalistic

b/c support comes

from all workers, no

matter where they

live

10. Fascism is a

separation of classes;

support comes from the

upper & middle classes,

esp. industrialists

ITALY’S BENITO MUSSOLINI

1. 1st fascist leader in Europe

taking the title,

“il Duce” (“the leader” in

Italian), by 1925

4. established a 22-

syndicate or

“corporate state” to

control a command

economy

5. His legacy (what he’ll

most be remembered

for): “He made the trains

run on time,” as he ruled

as the “apostle of

violence”

2. In 1922, he was

appointed premier

when his Black Shirts

converged on Rome at

one time to prevent a

rumored coup by

communists

3. He controlled the

press, communications, and

the Catholic Church,

stressing education

and military readiness

GERMANY’S ADOLF HITLER

1. took title, “der Fuhrer”

(“the leader” in German),

of the National Socialist

German Workers’ Party

(Nazis) by 1923 as the 2nd

fascist leader in Europe

2. wrote Mein Kampf while in prison for an

attempted putsch (coup) in Munich,

Germany; his book is an anti-Semitic

guidebook, claiming Germans are themaster race that he called Aryans

3. Hitler was named [German prime

minister] chancellor in 1933 by President

Hindenburg of the Weimar Republic

The personification of the devil as the symbol of all evil

assumes the living shape of the Jew.

Adolf Hitler

Mein Kampf

4. used Storm Troopers (his (private army)

and the Gestapo (his secret police) to control

society; adopted the swastika (the bent

cross) as the Nazi symbol for good fortune,

power, & strength

5. passed the

Nuremberg Laws:

Jews become

scapegoats; ordered

Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass);

est. the 3rd Reich to

last 1000 yrs.; he

planned to take E.

Europe for his Aryans’

living space called

Lebensraum,

including the Slavs of

the U.S.S.R. (Soviet

Union; formerly

Russia)

6. dictatorial powers were given to Hitler

by the Enabling Act; he made extensive

use of concentration camps run by the SS,

the Schutzstaffel

SPAIN’S FRANCISCO FRANCO

1. became known as “el Caudillo” (“the

leader” in Spanish) of the Falange Party, the

3rd and last fascist party and ruler in Europe

2. Came to power as

result of a 3-year civil

war (1936 – 1939)

between the Spanish

republic and its ally,

the International

Brigade of volunteers

versus Franco’s

fascist army; the

fascists won

3. Mussolini and Hitler

use Spain’s 3-year civil

war as a testing ground

for their improved

weapons of destruction

4. Spain is regarded as a neutral country

during WW II just as it was in WW I

because this time Spain is devastated by

civil war; but because Franco gives aid

and comfort to his fascist allies during

WW II, Spain becomes known as a non-

neutral,

non-belligerent