richard wrights' fbi file - part 1

8/12/2019 Richard Wrights' FBI file - part 1

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

RICHARD NATHANIEL WRIGHT

PART 1OF 1

BUFILE NUMBER: 100-157464

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-,If'T*W W * l " " lVvvuorlmov nc1"I= Subject born in Ietchee. llleeieeippi. 1909.

endet egoof 15reneve;fromorpheneqlm Ul eno then imnne hie we: throughout the eooitry. -

Subject eeployedby IPA from l-3-38 to 5-1'!-89. 1Subject the euthor of "letive Son , e novel-

1 which weelater Id-epted um e oh: to ee-IOeeee, endthie pley In included in TheBeetrun of 1940 end 1941'. Informtion regarding 1

V euhjeo e hook, Twelve llillion Black Voiceslet out. g '_' '~5'14 ,

am.nz:c'n_1,,_.-~-- I ;- in-i iof:v.__;_._...._...-'-'et__ ?L___.~ *urmmcn~ Bureaufile Iueher100-151464!

. In:-eeuLetter to In Yorkleted DecemberI, 1962.

- o ~1!ITAILB: A review of the indicoe of the Public Library of lee York City, 1looeted et 5th Avenue end 62nd ltreet, reflected thet the eu b- _ ;

l ject'etrue lent ie HICELEDIATEAIIE.WRIGHTendthat hewe bornLe1909.he ;.indioee eleo re ected thet the euhJectwrote the following boob: lire endlCloud ,Tvelve iiillion ileoi ioee :" I etiveion , end Uncleioili a hili.i-ii .

Ir.IL 3. I01-50!, in the 1939 ieeue of the Indore@|e.rterIl;',T011130lleven, Iueher live. in reviewingthe Io:-heof the eubjeot. eteted thet

| RICHARDHIE! uee horn on e brokendon plentetion eeer Ietohet.lieeieeipyi,'e Stete vrhiohleede the Union in illiteracy. Ohrietienit; end eohooreoy. lie92 teeily trevelled free townto ton like grub-voree. lie fether got tired el

hiepoverty-revqhd householdenddesertedthefeeily. PerelyeieetrlokHemotherdonendheentered enorpheneeylue butre.nof!et fifteen. le I280

'he heuntedieele it:-eet endleter he imno his he ell over mi oo-vita -, agn-;-*I

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itgI!10-41514 '. - ' elong thegutted roedit dewneduponhie thet he neededen education. ledthen. whether digging ditchee or clerking in the poet eftioe, he devoured the

hhtlhll hf I-illnnnhten leel hllnclwlln Q. eeA1"| -Q Knee . liell QQQI ti h_U_.---v---- we -Q --I-3'-ep -an | - qe..eeew-pp -up--. pg QUU_|- pep: we-u --w WI

edvieed the writer thet the euhjecthed been eep ye t A en e Iederel Write:-e'Pi-o,1ect tron Jenner; I. 1938,to Hey 17. 1939, whenhe resigned to eccept privete eeployeent. Lt thie tieeeubject wee reeiding et 809 hint Iicholee Avenue, Iew York Git!.

'!'heBeet Pllle Of 1940 end 1941'by EH-IS IIITLI included Nileutject'eplay, Bethe Son , which weeproduced{roe the eu'h,1ect'enovel I7the eeee e=

Ir. EEOOISAHIISOH in the Iew York !ieee hed the following to ee;ebout the euh;ect'e play, "Native Son : Inthe dreee Ir. GREENeed Ir. RICH!work in e eore objective etyle. Iithout the euhjective heckground their defenseof Bigger i'noeee'egheetiy criee in the court ecene eounde like generelieedpleetiing. It lecke the etinging enlighteent er the Ieet third of llr. Imam :novel. But thet oonpletee tnie -co1uen'ehill of exoeptione to the higgeetLnericen dre-ne of the eeeeon."

Ihe novel, liwelve Million Fleck l'oioee", which wee written by theeubject, wee publiehed by the Viking ?reee in Iew York Git; in October. 1941,end thie book in divided into four pertel ! Our ltrenge lirth: ! Inheritoreof Iievery: ! Deeth on the City Peveeente: end ! Ien in the Ieking. In theforeword, llr. WEIGHTetetee"whi1e thie novel purporte to render e hroed pictureof the proceeeee oi negro life in the United ltetee. ietcntionelly it dnee lotinclude in ite coneideretione thoee ereee of negro life which coespriee the eo-celled 'te1er-tedtenth or the ieoieted ie1e.nde or Ieletto leederehip which ereetilgl to he iound in e_e_nvpe_rte e! the South er the growing end inlleeetiel negroeiddle cleee profeeeionel end hueineeeeen of the Iorth whohere. for the pelttwenty yeere or eore, foreed e eort of Iieieon corpe hetween the whitee end the'h1ec.ke"e'

The reference letter re ected thet on Pege 143 oi the ehcve-eentiened

novel, there wee mteriel thet eppeered to he eeditioue in heture: end for thebenefit or the Bureau, the ehove-eentioned pege ie being quoted in full!

there ere eilliene ct ee Qd ee ere eovig in ell directieeet L11our Iivee we here been oetepulted into ereoee where. hed we thought ooeeoievnellgt .11|1'd.ingthee, we wouldhevehungheck. A eeneeof eonetentohengehe etolletientlrinto ourliver end hee hecoeeoperative in our pereonelitiee ee e Levof living.

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, 100-41674

_ Director, 7.3.1.6

II: 3.1% IATEIIIIL HOE!cusroam IITIHTIOI !mania!

Den: lira thereere Miatrenuitted herthe oriiand onecopy ofthereport o bdated April 18, 1943, eetti ng out intonation concerningtheceptionod imiivirinel.

An inveetigetionof the eotivitiee of thi

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17 beingoomiucteei bythe leeYork Officeem . oninvestigative reporteetting outthe reeulteof thieinvestigation I111be eulbznitted.to the Darem in the eeer future.

ho oopiee ofM -ml! "report ere beingin theappropriate file:oe ev YorkOfficeinformation purpoeee,

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FEDERAL BUREAUOFIIVESTIGITWI

FOIPA DELETEDPIGE IIFBHITIOI SHEET 0

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Pnge s_! withheldentirely atthis locationin thele. Oneor moreofthe followingstatements,i 'indicated, explainthis deletion. 4'

Deleted underBXemptiOl'1 Bi bibw,_ e_ _ _ i_ with no nelmgllientierial available for release to you.

Information pertainedonly to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.

Information pertained only to athird party. Your name is listed in the title only.

Doc-umentlel originating with the following government agencytiesi _ W 1 __ _ __ ,___ _ __i___e e__ ,wns/were forwnided to them fordirect response to you.

Pagers! referred for consultation to the following government lgencytiesl;it _ , _ _ as the information originated with them. You will

be Sdvised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI.

Pagelsl withheld for the following reasontsl:

For your information: _ ___ i _ _ _ W _ _ __

The following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages:I I 4

_ / : 4'5 741-I fif one/nprd ,i_ is _, _ _ __ _


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thl International Peblilhere y HIE ! inditch Broyalty tor tine work end tboee thet ere receivedilerl In-eier Detenee Dull.

In I: teen datedlune 9,191-1,new eppeu-e bong thoee at the Iritere Gangrene toInt-1-In: prep-en

In In lane dated 81:11 24, 1941, pql I, 0011 J,it 1e noted that Ii1GH'r'e naeeppeere emu; the be:-icen erltere inplltdgtd tell euppart to Greet I1-it-tin end the Soviet Futon. .

A cheap ofettituie ofIIGQID IIIGT lull eluerIrltere 1| painted eutlnthetineerlylene tbeyednphdelirelntl-II:Ifvtfln and 1e July they advocated mu euppurt to the Soviet hlnehrther, that Ge:-new declared tar on Reeele ca Jule 22, 1%! -

Iee::1eeeedetedhnet18,19l.1II !lpeu'eeethe mtieelve Geuelttee to I :-ee In-1 I-order and Le nteeue letedAngtltll, 1941, pep 9,Iuurr etetee msmnmazee menorb:-icemdhee been eqnhollnherlalnd thltthoee oll ategeinet hie en ennui. of hence.

deted0ctober22,191,|lO1,tluntereoregroepetei eeneee


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pl -I in ho:-ion vitally ooaoorood about

1&1: ollo notod aotin JAIB I. QED : bot '&log-re and I-ho Dnocrouo hunt , on pp 193, IGD It-who tilt Iuonu 92'n'OIprUtl poblteolly tho hid: opp-oololoa of our logo oom-Moo Ind lone oooplo tor tho oplmnlid contributions of milm R1081 ,usasrbr ITIIBESandothor orttoto andnllmo of our pooh.

onow-= 14.1w F bl Advtood thatRIG-IARD Iil it, o tenor hum at Porqnnhor, Lea iii iifiii iii : iii ?lr&y iiouun-* " of iii iiiiiiiifieiioi iii ii i- q {U tho Port; hoadlod tho Iogro qmo on.

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It appeared tron Bob,1ect'e oontacte with his Local Board that his interest in the problem of the Negro has become alnoet en obeeeaion and it was said that he apparently overlooks the fact that hie can riee to euoeeas refutes any of his can etatenente regarding the iapoaaibility of the iegrote improving hie peraonal position. 5

Prom all the information concerning Subject in publications and according to information from Into:-manta in the NewIork 0'ice,Subject ie continuing his activities as a writer.In addition to hie better mow:books he has also been engaged in the writing of elcite and etoriea, aoat of Ihich concern the Negro. The publicity which has been received by Subject IRIGHT is typified by the rather lengthy review of his life appearing in the !'cl92% "G1.e..rrent Biogz!pb.y-1-Q;Le.0' pdbl_.i..ehed by the H. != !il!Q.!l e Ib_;.L! volume statesm , luthor,In bomBepteuber 4, not andhie present address ie care of HLRPER& BROTHERS,49 8-let 3311:! Street, NewYork City. It refers to his as a brilliant youngnegrowriter aboeecollection of abort stories "Uncle Tme'e Children" Ion a #500 priae competition in 1938 and Ihoee book Native $on" nee the iarch, 1956 eeiection of the Foot-of-the--ionth Clnb. Inch of the article contains a review of the character and theme or that book.

fhe lite cf P.IGF.l_P $68! ,beginning sit-b his birth, .5epte._ eer 41905,@na pllntltio 25 Lies from Natchez, lissiesippi, is exiriaed, ae Iollona _

_ Hie father, GM, Is a I111 Iorker and hie mtllr,H, acountry echool teacher. The family was oontinually on Eh eye s education nae very aucb neglected. Whenhie nether as etrichn

lith pa?-elyeisduring the first world ear, the 5|.1bjectnae gent to an |no1e'house to live. IRIGHTis quoted ae having stated that be did eo Inch righting,

I we- I hm-.1 I- H that ha annf. bar-Ir he his Irtsndnn mr in nfl-e uv-lnn I an gnu - nu . __Inn . _ _ _ .-Q... -..-.- 1..-.-.--I- ----4.... -.-- ._- -.-- --..- __--. ev .__ U-_._....._-- ..-.- '-

dicted that he would endonthegalloee.Bodies a 7thDayldventiet , 1


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Qchocl, taught by I11:aunt. as 15he left honeandventto Iezphie andgot.1:job cc pa-tar @ ;cccn_.gcr= 131.1% ti! cm_bcoq924|ct gear;he ml Liaany all over the country Io:-ting at any tine. - ctJob from ditch-diggingtoclcrking in a poet office.lie drifted to Chicagowhere he had heard legroeaetood a better chanceof getting jobs.He was a clerk for a idle an! tn1933 had a tasteor politics. The review than quotes chat is purportedlythe Sub3ect'ecan etatenentz

"I bccue an assistant precinct captain in the RepublicanPriaary Election",he ea1d,"I can p1'0I.'1.8Oda job I didn'tget it. Next time I became an aecietant precinct captainfor the Democratsarr! was pIl'0l1IOda Job, Ihich I didn'tget. 80 thenlbacane a ed. Io1IIhi:att-hepapersrefer to an a card-carrying Gcmunietfe

In 1935, IRISH! Iacon the I'EEER.l.LIB.I1.'I'EB'HIOJBCTinChicago lni had eold paper articles and cone etc:-lee to the magazines.camc tollewIork1n1937Ihercheaga1ngotonthcIRI 1'H?S'PRJJEC'1

cecayon Harlem in the "liar Io:-k Pane:-1". b eleo-did acne Icrk an-912111;Io:-her"andbecameecontributingeditoror %Iaeeea". InIRIGHT reportedly got a Guggenheimfellcwlhip Ihich enabled hi! to quit

the Project andoclplete his novel lllative 8-on . He lived for acnemonth!during 191.0in Mexicobut returnedto the UnitedStatentn Icv erof 19034- -

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Director, FBI

" Initrp Du-tralrparlusrnt II Isa..." if

V inc I, 1944

nciuaanloat ,RE: iiGU3$$-I i iDear Sir:

It isrelative to the individual namedbelow:

lame: RICHARD I110!!!Aliases:

Residence Address:

IITIRIAL IICUHIII - O

recommended thateSecurity Index card be prepared

89 Lefforta Place, lpartneat 5-33irooklyn 16, lav York

Business Address: lone92I-J

f 92L

1-92.T

__e__ Native Born ' ______ Alien

__!L__Communist ______ German

Fascist Italian! ___W__ Japanese

f B.rth we QDate o 1 as _ _ c ~_ Place ofBirth latch", 311111111191Entered U. S. _ _; j at4;_

f

_.___. Iaturalized

._.__ Iiecellaneous

llaturalized date! ______________ 'Iaturalized place and Court! _ _

Very truly yours.

TM

'3.

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KI

TRGAIN. RICHARD NATHANIELWRIGHT, IS-C. FOR THE BUREAUS

TODAYSNY92-IERALDTRIBUNEENTI1T:ED92NEGROAUTHORCRITICIZEREDS ATOLERANT",STATESTHATRICHARDQURIIIHT,AUTHORO1-'NATIVESONIN

CUSSINGHISOUNBREAKWITH92COMMUNISTPARTYSAYSPARTYFEARSNEHIANDTHAT COMMUNISTPOSITION ONAMERICANNEGROHASUNDERGONEA DIAND LAMENTABLE REGRESSION" IN RECENT YEARS. URIGHT HAS FURTHER CRE-

DITED WITH DESCRIBING COHFTUNISTSAS NARROWHINDED, BIGOTED, INTOLER

AND I- RIGHTENED OF NEW IDEASHHICH DONT FIT INTO THEIR OWN. THE H

BY QUTRIBUNE FURTHERSTATES THAT HR HRIGHTS REMARKSHERE PROHPTED V

GROWINGOUT OF AN ARTICLE UHICHI HE HAS HRITTEN FOR THE ATLANTIC MO

FORAUGUSTUNDERTHETITLEOF92ITRIEDTOBEACOMMUNITHET


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OF THE CHICAGO BREAK UITH THE COHHUNISTS REGAUSE THESE HILL RE COVERED

IN THE SECOND MAGAZINE ARTICLE. URIGHT FURTHER ADVISED THE TRIBUNE

THAT HISCP MEMBERSHIPQEOVEREDTHE PERIOD,ROUGHLY, FROHTHE LAT /34::/.PARTOFNINETEENTHIRTYTHO TONINETEEN FURTYAND THATHIS EARLYAS

CIATION UITH THE COHHUNISTS IN CHICAGO HAS BEEN BROKEN IN NINETEEN

THIRTYSEVEN UHEN HE HAS EJECTED FROM THE SAME. WRIGHT FURTHER ADVIS

THAT HE HAS ON THE OUTS UITH THE PARTY FROM HAY UNTIL AUGUST THIRTY

SEVEN AND THAT HE HAS REINSTATED IN NY IN SUCH YEAR AND MAINTAINED

A RELATIONSHIP UITH THE PARTY UNTILFORTY UHEN HE SAID HE LEFT THE ___ _ -____ _-._-.___ --_-Ru -. Q-.-.~-..-.1---.-. ---.0.-.-.-an _-- pp;-Resin pant-I-I I"l!SAME. THE TRIBUNE ARTICLE Dlscuasluu NHIEHTD cunnznxa nuuul

TABLE REGRESSION OF THE CP POSITION ON THE AMERICAN NEGRO CREDITED HR.

URIGHT UITH STATING 'PUBLICLY COHNUNISTS HILL DENY THAT THERE IS ANY

SUBSTANTIAL CHANGEIN THEIR H LITANCY, BUTPRIVATELYTHEY OFFER ANY

HANDY EXCUSE. THE HILITANCYOF THENEGRO QUESTIONHAS PASSEDINTO T

HANDS OFRIGHT UING NEGROE5. THAT HAS NOT TRUE EIGHT YEARS AGO.GHOST

OF THE BATTLES THEN HERE LED BY COHMUNISTS.' THE ARTICLE FURTHER STA


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I mam r 0 42 minu-niat Party he did not dis-coverthat the Communists

have no concern whatever withpersuadingpeopleta be loyal tothe Ovmmmust a|1ar..1:.auanpera 5: =1 tn-meeting: tor _ RumuMdU- - 11I 0t discover - '- _ $ that the only

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I.r1|htha-napteeetnt.heAt-hour Monthly. tn which, whetherinadvertently tr not. he taken a Inttiun in la: bigger qtacitbcruthan whether a penon hie:Oummunteu.

Within the part few yearn andtaster in recent rnonlha,the Negropeople have abaped tn nal Iormtheir lnlwera to the nauonaigut-s nn Int the Ilene of the

niie itatu: Tnai ihii i iheiteuunw! aa wen an anyone elara.

ltandw l ght inact-

-outlorthatequai1n,andthoaewh0

othewaynfllartmand Odlt n Id and

Hh:TcI&&Ditchani bta "-II!

Throughout our wtmtn. as we all mow, there are desperateef-tnm to anneatuate the rat.-.92a.!"Ivtiona lb-I781 ! pn ble curl-plenty. "Hem: against tathe Gerald Amtth way cl getting.!e-gr-2s:9I'.:.~rt2 en mt!-!e_l'rnIncrement; alnae anti-lemmnn launly a Iorm 01 white chauvtnlam.And Ilene against trade muons.

p92-tre1}"aaa.na.92dtotheuIdvtle-neaoftnoe-unionelcluaheneslagainst the lien-n. me hm de-mand an a man who B to remaintn the Oommunm movement kthat he he a democrat-tn thebroad, ncnpmr aenae 0! the word

a repubhcan tn the real. kill-tt e ht:'-':rtc:*2.-teer.!!'.:,!-..'92.de'I!!__l1Richard W ht'a reutarlabl!talented hook, 'atl'veInn, had aatta weakest ej",i-'5Ben Davt tpointedout at e time. a eenatnlack of aenae of the vast demo-erauc enaraeter 0! the l le'ro'aIf-r|.|[g1eof the agu. low the{rate-st "patina!" at-nlnle of alltimelara n; toitsBer: climaxtn:1-ucn the vtctury lea with allpeople-aaeeklngfreedom Andlb.'i -htit - . ....-tonal pebble


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ChJu1;28, BhhtblniwkbnutribmnpnaIr?-1:1; ln1 .1t1nd,'llBGROAUTHORORITIGIZESBIB l8 IITOIEAII .mun that IRIGHTin discussing his ha-ukvith u 00-min?-a andhr1y!ouanr1dnu,lnd utth|cu|mn1rupoa1t1unngu-dingthclnz-innlog:-o tn: InzhrgonoI "distinct and hnentabh :05:-0:01:11, in meant para-B lhlcribnd tho Ccllnmiata u antral-liadld, higotld, in ol-irlnt MI!lrightund 0! an Inna which don't t 1:1-0 thntr In. Thu Herald titan :I11-1:10 ntorrod to IBIGEW nrtich in tbs ATLLIGIC mums.

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until meant]; IRIGHT nuIf-lunch]; branding Had

buttodlyhail

ottanin lntolaranoa and narralnau. =vt '_'

UITSoftha Ocalmist Party

ibla political ghlluoglg Iq-foruar Ocumnist axmdaa.

also ro:l e.rrad TIANTIOIIITHII QlI-II ltatanantl -

Ibo Iuhington I 1a1.d OffioaYork offieabringing toita attantion anToday"by GEORGE S. 801-IUIIEE appearing inthePittsburgh Ocmriar. This item called attantionAtlantic loath}; and ea-nantad trial]; Qua it. .

It1: also intenating toaorta thatconaidu-abla publicity In dimIHI0l "a articlas in tho hi]; Io:-kar nllrapapar. In tho Ih ; In:-lnar tor ] August 6, 191;}. tha coluln byE2-'JnED~IJ. IIVIS, JR. antitlad, "In l'ina|"oontauuwhat ittaru htawrorda unRICKLR.DIRIGR1'andIaIIdau". IIVIBconsiders first the promiua otIRIGH'1 aa anauthnr,Ih1.=hIa.| tnllioatadlqan bo0k,'lat1va Ban . Ba than rafara toum. 1 calla tha pubm and mmmjunti abla attack onthe cc-mnista, duo aura tha vary 0:-ganiaatlm IhnaaOutlooks mahalpad IRIGHTcreate nuI-ltarpioel. mvrsmm um. accord-Iiii ta?.lG'n"'=i=*..az=. .-.=:=, a=1=:==:. ==tra:.'= -.':... ~=.=.-.1.=z= :=191.0. '.-.-msalkadilqhawaitoduntilnclltonbthiabraakpublicandHIIGHT is trying toiqaran. DAVIS raters toIB.IGm"l lttltuda an a n atauparlzttin which puts him in a class IithIOEHLR TBOIAS and otbar '1iad-htar

DINIS eoanenta thatthis attack w IRISH! acne: ata crucial alaction t-in thanthe tutura ltata atthe nag;-on raquiraa tba ra-election atlooaavnlt. ' ,

nu onotod that1nthah. l.J.yIorkaro!LngultIl5, 191114as-tic! bynom non inant1tIl.ad,"Ir. IBIGHD118 ! IIIBGW11".92.~egi_u his M.-tie__ :1!-Q t-hm ea!-nut t-lat intbs L111 iota; - _ _

lICH1RDIB.IGH1'aaaalaaborotInOu:nm1aOannmiataban nooonoarn rhataoevarIithparouadingtha Gamnilt organization par II] thatIRIGI-I1 did not

thingraquiradisthatyoubaloyaltothapooplaaeamsatlntthanlcyaltytothaknmmiatcx-gani.aat1onI11.1tak

arkII . This articla ltataa tha


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Director,FBI' na'ra=February26, 194$

non MC,NewYorkCity LsunJsc'r=RICHARD A'! hANIE'J..IRIGHT

sscunrrxmmznc 1 ; Bureau:11.100-157464! . b /

/Referenceismadeto thereportoiBpecialLgen't

made at NewYa-k City on September5, 1944 entitled RICHARDIRIGHI ; INTERNALSECURITYC. This report sets out e. lead for the

NewYork Field Division, "After carefulco deration interview the subjectIRIC-HIconcerninghisassociationwith mdetParty."After very careful consideratio it is felt inadvisable to

interview IRIGIT particularly as thetnsia ' s break with the Commnist Party,asappearsfromhisrecent articlesinthe{At1anticllonthlyIagasine,isthe.L=m921r-Lsi-lP!zl_5.si_1,1@r=isEs=11.f_{i_Js11i_ xggisl.-""11'. -_1i "=P__toft eadv-acenentof_:,%e"__f gr9,__ 'I1'v=.searticlesalsoIxmdicatea compsteE fea ;spro1'aI~by'1lHIGH'1o the Americansay of life.

L150 considered in arriving at the decision not to interviewIRIGHT are the facts that he has been classified 4-F due to severe psycho-neurosisand his contactswith his Local Selective Service Board have reflected hisinterest in the problem of the Neg-o to be almost an obsession.

In View of the subject's public break Idth the Camurxist Party,he is no longer being carried as} Ke1figxue_by ,tl3e__I_~Ie1r Iork _1l :le1d_HDi!ision,howeierja'Securityme: Cardon e 1; being i?a1nm1T|3'Sy"1.neNew:01-kOfficedue to hisi1 iLt.r___11:attitude jthe,']Qg1:g_pob1en.

The anb inf ation secured by this office concerning IRIGHTat has not already been eported is that he was listed as a memberof the

___.lational Committee of the International Labor Defense in a pamphlet entitled,l'IZ n|e92a'|lee-II-1 4 no-vi man let we kn I92'VLIIQAZ H I8 th

IRIGI-IT'Sresidence address has

Brooklyn, NewIork, as of

WUQJ, 92IllI||-LC.Qll-I blH92 pl'92e"LII DIX 92l'UlLEG 92Il-International Labor Defense in September 1941+.

92eenverifiedasApt.0-23,39LeffertsPlace,February 15, 1945. _

This investigation is being placed in a closed statue by the. New York Field Division. In the event further investigation becomesnecessary,


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Ixauica nor.games vnim baa na- I-en a no-remaa 'li'r'FB;~ing me; cl the impact of the Jlincrow system upon human helngsint-hedeep outh. 'I'he-resultisa pirture which challengesAmerloa.

1 There may be exaggerations in the book.Ilany of the incidents may ~ ~. - hehighly ctional,and ~ never really happenedto rW ht But whet di erenoe - -r f_rig .doermatnrial:ei.!the_rhap- _ "i-1-1pened tosome other young 3 1 '1-"

i _-1; .Negro.Thepointis that " 5;they should not happen to .' '.-1any Negro and the condi- ' .tions which corrode the Ne- _ ,ire iamilr mm! be =l1m1- W.nattxi. Pior they victirnlze mtgpg]; the Negrocitizen;theysu ocatethe pongwhites to I moreor le-asdT9 um retard the development of the wholeSouth.

new, no sood w run any from W1Ln.__atg;_IL] Of the I00! III ll!

pur'p05eof[1 aPp1j.l13I'lthU'1el :ODi1lfIl|l- pectn,some oiwhich areooh!-al-nod in91 book, and others or which surroundthe authors views and his Wrlli oi the book.It ts of supreme importance that this main pictureoi the life and death of the Neirrv tinder the reign or white mnrrmlcr Ibo!-114 hit America with lull ioroe. For it oonoerm America. Any attempt to bypus this over-all

picture will lessenits force and thereby lead to an tmdereetimation of its starkneea and blunt the sharp need for oorrectivea W'h|:1'l this main picture is changed in its principal ouilines, the derivative secondaryword-I V111disappear. But until i t does,naturally there are going to be all kinds of eoriquon.badly

. ' '" II

by BenjaminJ: Dovis, Jr.iocueedperspectlvu. and nitsleadlnalm92>1till- ties and omclusiona ma-ny d which mar Black B01.

I I I

TH! book h intensely aubjectlve.Intact,it is limited by its lulu]-ectlvenen. But

people are not bornsubjective,and it it clear

thsta!92m_Negrowhohastonmthe ;a.u_ni.let of every type atopprm.don--gust short of l,yne.hing has subjectivenessioroed into his marrow. This heavy ]:a'us1.:re pushes himtovlewtheworldinwhlchhelives entirely through glassescolored by his own personal sutlering lrom national oppression.which Iu ering in one lorm or another he meets every day. Those who complain oithat intense subjectivity are iorevu stopped from doing so, unless they realize what

brought i t about, and also help to eradicate the diseasedsoil tram which it grows.!_i is important. however, that this nih-

jectlvenees he overcome. It can be done and la being done since there are new trends and {actors which make the overcoming poesihle.

ltisalaoneoeasaryioovunomeitleatcaie tall into thetrap oifrustration and defeat- iam which the white supremacy forces have aet. Black Boy saysaomewholly unacceptable thinps about the Negro :capacity tor genuine emotion. Here the authors subjectivity has overcome reality. For the truly remarkable achievement 0! the Negro is that he has made such singular contributions to America

c1iltt tra11y and musically and in all other tieici.e despltethe systemof national opwes- sion which tends to thwart his every e ort.

o r ,_ e. FILE

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2922-5

Of oekBoy to overcome thislimitation cl mbjehipoeed upon him in order that he |naJ sec clearly, and participate with, the loroeswhich would destroy the myth oi white mpremInasmuch as Wright has attained terarj.prmninenoe,and somecircleshave lhrmt up-or.

the mantle oi spokesmantor his people

abovealimustlnalntalnacleaI UI

'l H!'. R.E lanodoubt thatWright wibrilliant rtorn_1y Iew 51-Q1 t

are his equal But is this su lcleni. wtherearehrl lliantwritersonboth sides oithe barricades. I t la vitally important that the artist who re ects and the artist who mi

1ihewayoutshouldbeo|:ieperson.For both these factors exisiobjective real world. outside one's self.crow is here. yet Jimcros:is also being ddefeated it-om the scene. Lite is not static.Onehasl-oaeebothpIIelmli.stlc,andto shape the future.

Wright doesnot aee the positive, oonst.l ue-tlveslde.andthereforef.hemirrocruIhispe1does not give a complete picture. He omi

theblggestnewthlngwhltheworld tnday l-he main progrereritstromwhlcheventhe

immune.Apparently heisisolated it-odevelopments an


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ICHARD WRIGHT is r . '""'~-the author of one of me most winery readand hoeiy debated novels of recent years,

"Native Bon. ? an acknowledged leader of his race.But the wayvwas long and the road was rocky.Not verygmahyyears ago he was just "a blackboy in Missisippi," which means few men inthe world have Begunlife under a burden of

_ graver handicaps orfaced more difficultobstacles.That he has

. gone so far, accom-I pllshodso much, en-

titles Mr. Wright toanhonored rankamongthat tradition-ally American selectgroup. the self-mademen." His success

etory doe: him greatcredit. The twubieihe knew in his child-hood and youth wereterrible, the woundshe received deep. He

1 carries indelible scarsi _ andstill burnswith

bitter fury. Hie Lifehe knew as a child is

not over. It has not changed. Hundreds or thou-sandsof other little black boysare enduringittoday. Sucha lite ls usually completelyoutsidethe comprehension of white Americans, eitherSouthern or Northern. But tn who eare tocan nowshareit.tnMr. ' ghNckBoy:A Record of Childhood and Youi.h."'.

This is a story from America's own lowerdepths. No nostalgic memories of childhood arethese, no sentimental yearning: for innocentyesre when the hills were so much higher. Mr.Wright : childhoodwas an obsceneand monstrousnightmare.a malign inferno that might wellhaye destroyedhim utterly. He survived.butnot unscathed. "Black Boy" is not the workof an objective or or Q open mind. 1tcould not have been. The neuroses, the over-tmphasls, the lack of balance and the emotionreoollected in turmoil are the bitter fruit of anold injustice.

Shows Harsh Dramatic Power

Mr. Wright in this explosiveautobiographydoes not suggest any onnstnictive rnenna for

lrnproving the lot of the Negro in this country.Like Lillian Smith, he can only display suffer-ing and cruelty with harsh dramatic power, hecan-only arouse anger and sympathy. 1! enoughsuch books are written, it enough millions ofpeople read them, maybe, some day. in the tull-neas or time, there will be a greater understand-ing anda more true democracy.

Richard Wright grew up in the slums of Mem-._._i ii

ILA Cll'-30! : .1 Record sf Childhoodand Youth.By Riclld-rd fright. K pages. II-rper. IZM.

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Richardwnm

in ALL|i!FF i?i'!ATi0ilCDNTAINED _ .ER-i:-:1..UivCtA.S3irIED" ii.

i , . ..-...._... . . -. .. .1-...i92-M-.14.;-it--~-t '92I

PRESCOTT

pbls and in the rural slums 1-Mississippi near Jackson. Hishis mother, so the poverty he lo-newthe usual lot. The two dominant ln uenhis childhood were hunger and tear, a gnawinghunger that kept hirn weal: and half-starved and a fear that grew and multiplied and filled hisentire life. He feared his mother's anger, thewhippings of his uncles and aunts. the abuse oiother children, ghosts, white men with their in-explicable and capricious orusitiea, {ear itself.Terror was his companion night and day, violencethe norm or all experience. Ioul language andfoul habits, ignorance and superstition, primitivereligious fanaticism surrounded him on all sides.

Hie proud, sensitive, intelligent child looked upfrom belowat a grotesque, outrageous world.

Someottheev shehnewwerecausedbypoverty and ignorance alone and would not havebeen much different in Ireland or Iran. Buteven these were intensified by the ahibboleth of color and many others were caused byrace alone. Hr. Wright's uncle was murderedby a white man and no one dared even to protestA boyhood acquaintance was lynched. He learnedto be ssrvlle and obsequious, to my "sir" todrunken and contemptibie white mun, to oun-oeal his thoughts and emotions beneatha maskoi humble good humor and deference. Not todo so, hoforget the "sir" or the "mister," toaspire to learn a skilled trade, to show resent-ment of sneera. oondescensionand abuse wasto mvite "trouble." And trouble wold me...

Author Disiorts Bleak Storyl"Black Boy" only takes Hr. Wright into his

late teens when he escapedto Chicago. His ex-periences there and in radical politics will doubt-lessbe material tor anotherbook. It could con-ceivably be an intellectually more interestingbook. one more concernedwith thought and ideas.But it could hardly be a more emotionally dread-ful one. Part of the raw shock of Black Boyis caused by Mr. Wright's aaoeuive determina-tion to orrit nothing, to emphasise more QQQThis springs from a lack of artistic disc1'i.mlna-lionandselectivity.Hehasnotadded wkbleak tragedy ot his story; he has only dlsit and confusedit with such material.

It is also obvious in reading "Black Boy. andMr. W ght admits it. that his is not I typicalstory. He felt isolated tron: Negroesas well astrorn whites; other hlegroes resented their lot

but did not feel at all so acutely as be did. Per-haps with the hindsight of the years In whichhe has brooded and wil l-1a natural literary in-stinct to eapiialue and d~e:netize lm enotiorsHr. Wright has exaggerated his sufferings. "I twould be only human i t he had.

"Black Boy" has litt le subtlety, little light andshade, no restraint. It is written in a continu-ously strained and feverish manner. It is ovar-written. Butit is powerful, moving and horrify-ing. Itlsoertalntobeerlttlillil ll-?pra.lsedand roundlycondemned.1: will be"Meir read.

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inference 1; ms. to your nu. of nprn 11, 1916, in the abovocaptioned latt-on '

In V101 of the ailltant. attitudo of the nbjoot toward the Iogroprobloa,an lot. forth in your lottor of February I6, 19145,it 1| boliend thatyou should ntnit a rooouaondation for the proparat-ion of a Soon:-ity Inch:Card in this oua.

You logy oonaidar this latteras tho Human : approval of Inch anconmondation and you ohouldplaoa a Security R60: Gard in your 11100atthis tinn-

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If inthe titanyou ahould obtain intonation which you feel 18of value to thin Bureau, please feel free to oo unioatl directly with theSpecial Agentinmarge of our Lon Angelou Field Divieion which is looated at900 Security Building, InaAngela 13, California.

Sinoanly youra,

JohnEdgar Iloovar 'Director

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If in the future you should obtain information which you feel isof valueto this Bureau, please feel free to communicate directly with theSpecial Agent in Charge of our Los Angoles Field Division which is located at900 Security Building,-Los Angelee 13, Califomis.

INFFW11 Sincerely yours,AfEi2:sQN1.1SS111EU 1ED . .3,..3e=_...-

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toaicants at the early age ot six.There i.|ri't any question about

the undemocratic practic-asin America, It doesn't matter it one is a resident of the North or &uth.as Black Boy was. the ar- ing discrepancies between the ideals and the realities are sul - cient to oor the idealist and shockthe realist . But it Ls hard 10 imagine a life like Black Boys. It seems that someone would have come into the picture to redeem our faith in human-kind. Perhaps "Black Boy" is that character. In the face of all the circumstance; a

icker oi ambition kept within him. He even oossess-edthe "for- ei rt" desire to wri'

%lCE3I3 wngn! has littlePride in his own people for he says:

Whenever I thought of the Q5- aential bleakness of black hie in America, I knew that Negroes had never been allowed 1 ;th the full spirit of Western civilization,that they lived somehow in it but not 0! it. And when I brood:-d upon the cultural barrenness or black lite. I wondered i t clean,?Ol1tl92- I tenderness,love.honor,oyalty, and the capaci ty to re- member were native with man. I

asked mys-el!If these human qual- ities were not fostered. won.struggled and au ered tor. pre- served in ritual irorn one genera- tion to another."

As I re ect about the human 1111111112: of Western Civiliz tibn,I wonder about the "positive ten- derneas" of the whites.Couldthere be much genuine feeling within the hearts oi a people who could stand by and permit condi- tiona such as exist in "Black Boy" to prevail? What kind at people are these who kept others in slav- ery. treed them in name only.tried to make sure that they didn't become enlightened throuih education, signed restrictive cove- nants to keep them living in the alums. maintained the idea of white supremacy !The only genuine passion" that I ever saw ex- hibi ted Iras the unleashed spirit that moved the mobs to lynch.

How hollow are the memories of whi te America that send Gold Star mothers over to Europ lvisit the [raves of their iaiien black Iona in Jim-Crow trans- ports! ow" hollow are the meni- ories of white America that main- tain a Jim-Q-ow arm!Ind"IV! in the secorio92Woi-id War. Where ta this grand 92' Passion of 92_V8t- erncivilization'.'~92'l hia "emotional atrength," this clean, positive

D " " ' /rv-! >'7 ll

tenderness. love, honor, loyalty,leaves me zropirig in the darkness.

Negroes do feel deeply! Could they have given America Iolk mu- sic otherwise? It is agreed that our masses need education.Through education they will ax- rive. But I bel ieve that the way of life oi the Negro, the humble folk, with the white humble talk,is the only redeeming factor in America. It's the humble soul that makes lite livable anywhere. It is he who oifers a helping hand in the time of trouble; it is he who practices the golden rule; it is he who doesn't clamor for wealth arid position, tihe shallow posses- aionm . . . In hapby contrast to the rnaterialists. the capitalists.the exploiters, he make-s a pretty picture. It is he, the rneek soul,black and white. who will one day inherit the earth.- Ruth Apilado,Haywood, ILL ISorryFor lace Haters

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Los angeles, Calif.June 18 - A5

Dear Sir:

Richard Lrijht the nefro tho wrote black boy and Native Son booksare doinj no good and a lot of harm they are causinr disunity and spreadingrace hatred and if you people don_t_ want America LOI 6 up the same asGermany you had better put a stop to sutch people as th;t poor old assof a Southern Senztor withuis bach to africa move ment and sutphold fools as that poor crazy old Rich:_rd -rrifht. Te colored peopleare good natured all we want is justice a good job with good pay for workwell GCLE. Every time we turn around some one is complaining naygingccnst;{g' critgrgising evcry thing we do. Richard Jright seem_ to be un-hn"|y in nrxeric; so we mist to God he would leave and go some olice elsefor he is ge_t_ing on our nerves. I and all the other colored peoole knowthat ninty percent of the trash that he puts in his books are lies, butif oe: le in Ger any should jet a hold of Black boy 1's awfull afraid UncleSam's faceis going to be red for you cagt rule a German if you cantrule .~J.': iC;.a..and the lies that poor sick braned fool Richard Bright nutin his books sure dept do 4 TiC& any good in.tin foreigner's eye sight.Je colored people want Richard Jright'S booksboned if he cant Write astory without tryinjj to agitate race trouble we want him to pick himselfa. new vocation. Just get a copy of his books and go through them. Wedong see why he isn't in the ;..n:.y anyway. If he went to India or normother place and saw how horrible those people live then he would see howfar advanced we are. After all we colored peoole are zbing the best wecan if you would get a copy of the negro hand book for 19h2 you wouldsee just ho".-.~ well we are doing. '-'.'eare only a anall race oi people.'-'.'e coloredpeople are very discouraged and that is the reason sixty millionlittle bity Japanese can fight all most two billion people without Q allig and hole out so long. Because that Billion colored people are on thepoint of giving up. After all this is not our war and if we win We logse So I suppose there is nothing to do but just say to hell with the hole

bloody mess.

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