richard r. coleman, ph€¦ · 24/9/2019 · richard r. coleman, ph.d. hawaiʻi institute of...

Where are all the fish going? Identifying patterns of genetic connectivity

across the Hawaiian Archipelago

Richard R. Coleman, Ph.D

Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawaiʻi, Mānoa, Dept ofBiology

24 September 2019 National Marine Sanctuaries Webinar Series

Genetic Applications

Connectivity

Dispersal patterns

Identify Ecosystem Boundaries

Invasive species

Resolve species boundaries

Introgression

Evolutionary Theory

Describe Biodiversity

Hybridization

Embyronic Development

Species discovery

Gene Expression

Evolution

Genetic Applications

Hybridization

Connectivity

Dispersal patterns

Species discovery

Identify Ecosystem Boundaries

Invasive species

Resolve species boundaries

Introgression

Evolutionary Theory

Gene Expression

Describe Biodiversity

Embyronic Development

Evolution

 

                     

Brief History of Genetics • 1859 – “On the origin of species” Theory of Evolution by Natural

Selection

• 1865 – Gregor Mendel’s pea experiments • 1869 – DNA isolated

• 1953 – DNA double helix described (Watson, Crick, Franklin, Wilkins) • 1966 – Genetic code cracked

• 1975 – DNA Sequencing

• 1983 – PCR invented

• 1995 – First genome sequenced

• 2002 – First mammal genome sequenced

• 2003 – Human genome sequenced

• 2005 – Second generation sequencing (Roche 454) • 2006 – Illumina sequencing (accounts for >70% of the market)

Leray et al. 2010 Fernandez-Silva et al. 2015

Waldrop et al. 2016 Ahti et al. 2016

Gaither et al. 2013

Bird et al. 2013

Johnston et al. 2017

Fernandez-Silva et al. 2016

DiBattista et al. 2013

Iacchei et al. 2015

Puritz & Toonen 2011

Skillings et al. 2014 Timmers et al. 2012 Andrews et al. 2010

 

 

Importance of Understanding Connectivity

• Provides insights into the mechanisms that influence evolution

• Information can be used to inform management and conservation strategies

Informingpropermanagement

•  Barrierstodispersal•  Identifyvulnerableareasandmanagementunits

•  Characterizesource-sinkpopulations– “Source”populations

•  Populationsthatareresponsibleforseedingotherareas

– “Sink”populations•  Regionsthataredependentonotherpopulations

40-60 day

PopulationConnectivity


“Source”

“Sink”


Barriers to gene flow

Barrierstodispersalinterrestrialsystems

•  Ofteneasytoidentify

•  Examples:– Rivers– MountainRanges–  Islands

wallpaperswiki.com

Barriersinmarinesystems

Mostmarineorganismshavelarvaethatcandriftforweekstomonths

Spa

tial S

cale

s

Spa

tial S

cale

s

Ocean Basins Range-wide (Indian and Pacific Oceans)

Spa

tial S

cale

s

Ocean Basins

Archipelago

Range-wide (Indian and Pacific Oceans)

Hawaiian Archipelago

Spa

tial S

cale

s

Ocean Basins

Archipelago

Island



Oʻahu

Spa

tial S

cale

s

Ocean Basins

Archipelago

Island



Oʻahu

Conservation/Management

Archipelago Island

HawaiianArchipelagoArchipelago Island

MainHawaiianIslandsArchipelago Island

PapahānaumokuākeaMarineNationalMonunment

Archipelago Island

Archipelago Island

Collect tissue sample

Geneticmethods


Extract & Isolate DNA

Geneticmethods


Extract & Isolate DNA Sequence DNA

Geneticmethods

Usinggeneticmethods

PopulationGeneticsExample

Pop 1 Pop 2 Pop 3 Pop 4

PopulationGeneticsExample2

Pop 1 Pop 2 Pop 3 Pop 4

PopulationGeneticsExample2

Pop 1 Pop 2 Pop 3 Pop 4 G

enetic Break

Archipelago•  HawaiianArchipelago

(Toonen et al. 2011)

Archipelago Island

Archipelago•  HawaiianArchipelago

Do these patterns hold in a genomics framework?

(Toonen et al. 2011)

Archipelago Island

•  PLD:54-70days•  Indo-Pacific

Manini (Acanthurus triostegus) Kole (Ctenocheatus strigosus)

•  PLD:50-60days•  HawaiianEndemic

Archipelago Island

•  PLD:54-70days•  Indo-Pacific=highdispersal


•  PLD:50-60days•  HawaiianEndemic=lowdispersal

Archipelago Island

•  PLD:54-70days•  Indo-Pacific=highdispersal


•  PLD:50-60days•  HawaiianEndemic=lowdispersal

Do these species show similar connectivity patterns across the Hawaiian Archipelago?

Archipelago Island

Kole (Ctenocheatus strigosus) Eble et al. 2009 •  One mitochondrial DNA marker

Archipelago Island

Kole (Ctenocheatus strigosus) Eble et al. 2009 •  Wide spread connectivity •  Pearl & Hermes, Maro Reef isolated

from the rest of the archipelago

Archipelago Island

Kole (Ctenocheatus strigosus)

•  Genomic Sequencing

Archipelago Island

Kole (Ctenocheatus strigosus)

•  Genomic Sequencing •  Each Island is genetically distinct •  Each island needs to be managed

independently

Archipelago Island

Manini (Acanthurus triostegus) Planes & Fauvelot (2002) •  Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island genetically

distinct

Archipelago Island

Manini (Acanthurus triostegus)

•  Genomic Sequencing

Archipelago Island

Manini (Acanthurus triostegus)

•  Genomic Sequencing •  Each MHI, Kure; isolated populations •  NWHI + Johnston genetically

homogenous

Archipelago Island

Conclusions:ArchipelagoManini (Acanthurus triostegus) Kole (Ctenocheatus strigosus)

Archipelago Island


Genomics provides finer scale resolution for identifying connectivity patterns

Archipelago Island


•  Island-by-islandisolation– FirstaccountinHawaiianfishes


Archipelago Island

Conclusions:Archipelago

•  WidespreadconnectivityinNWHI


•  Island-by-islandisolation– FirstaccountinHawaiianfishes


Archipelago Island

Conclusions:Archipelago

ManagementImplications•  MHIareseparatepopulationsfromtheNWHI


Archipelago Island

Smallerspatialscales:Island

•  ArchipelagoassessmentshowsthateachMHIisdistinct

•  Islandassessmentrequiresfinerscaleresolution– Parentageanalysis

Archipelago Island

ParentageAnalysisOcean Basins Archipelago Island Bay Ocean Basins Archipelago Island Archipelago Island

RecreationalFisheriesinHawaiʻi

•  Heavypressureoffishcommunities

•  Notwellregulated•  Estimatedthat31%ofHawaiʻiresidentsparticipateinrecreationalfishing(Hamnettetal.2006)

•  36%ofthetotalcatchisattributedtorecreationalharvest(WestPac,2002)

Ocean Basins Archipelago Island Bay Ocean Basins Archipelago Island Archipelago Island

Problemsassociatedwithunder-managedfisheries

•  Leadtooverfishing•  Prohibitlong-termsustainability–  Inabilitytomaintainfoodsecurity


WindwardOʻahu•  Identifyconnectivityanddispersalpatterns

•  InitiatedbyNativeHawaiiancommunityleaderstobetterunderstandconnectivityofresources


Manini,Acanthurustriostegus

•  Identifiedbycommunitiesleadersasanimportantfishstock

•  AbundantthroughoutHawaiʻi

•  Heavilytargetedbyrecreationalfishers


Windward Coast of Oʻahu

North

Kāneʻohe Bay

Kailua

Laie

Jerolmon et al, unpublished


Goal•  Identifydispersalpathways

– Sourceandsinkpopulations•  Identifyareasthatmaybevulnerabletofishingpressure


CollectionSites

•  Collected606adults,607juveniles

(Adults/Juveniles)

Archipelago Island

(Juveniles/Adults)

Assigned 69 juveniles (11.4%)

(Adults/Juveniles)

Archipelago Island

Assigned 69 juveniles (11.4%)

(Adults/Juveniles)

1 2-3

>14

Archipelago Island

Assigned 69 juveniles (11.4%) NHRC

(Adults/Juveniles)

1 2-3

>14

Archipelago Island

•  SixoccurrencesofretentioninsideKāneʻoheBay

•  Twoinstancesofdispersaloutofthebay(Hauʻula,Lāʻie)

(40) (37)

Archipelago Island

Conclusions:Island•  Majorityoflarvaedonotdispersefar

– Mostdispersalislimitedtothe<30km– Someindicationoflocalretention

•  EastOʻahuisasourceforrecruitment– KāneʻoheBayisdependentonrecruitmentfromoutsideofthebay• ManagementImplications

– Notmanyadultswithinthebay

Archipelago Island

Spa

tial S

cale

s

Archipelago

Island


Oʻahu

Spa

tial S

cale

s

Archipelago

Island


Oʻahu

Genomics provides finer scale resolution; MHI are separate populations from NWHI

Spa

tial S

cale

s

Archipelago

Island


Oʻahu

Genomics provides finer scale resolution; MHI are separate populations from NWHI

Identified pathways of dispersal and origins of recruitment; management implications

Problemsinthefield

Problemsinthefield

•  Misidentificationsinthefield

Howmanyspeciesdoyousee?

Problemsinthefield

•  Misidentificationsinthefield•  Incorrectlabeling

Problemsinthefield

•  Misidentificationsinthefield•  Incorrectlabeling•  Inadequatesamplesize•  MakingsureDNAremainsstable

– Properpreservationsolution– Avoidextremeheat

•  Contamination

Geneticsasatool

•  Geneticsbecanusefulinaddressingavarietyofquestions

•  Providesinsightintoevolutionarymechanisms•  Informsmanagementandconservation•  Asmoleculartechnologyadvances,ourabilitytoanswerquestionsincreases

FundingSources•  OfficeofNationalMarine

Sanctuaries(NOAA),Dr.NancyFosterScholarship

•  NSFGraduateResearchFellowshipProgram

•  CastleFoundation•  UniversityofHawaiiSeaGrant

Program

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

FieldHelp:AnelaAkiona,KeishaBahr,EvanBarba,LindsayBull,GregoryBurgess,KatiaCapel,BaileyCarlson,HowardChoat,DanielCoffey,DelanyColeman,JoshuaCopus,ChelsieCounsell,MatthewCraig,JosephDiBattista,ʻAleʻalaniDudoit,JeffEble,IriaFernandezSilva,KelleFreel,MichelleGaither,CampbellGunnell,MykleHoban,J.P.Hobbs,GriffinHolms,KaleonaniHurley,ConorJerolmon,GarrettJohnson,SteveKarl,DerekKraft,RandallKosaki,SarahLeitner,CoryLescher,ClaireLewis,DanLevy,JoshuaLevy,KaimanaLundquist,CassieKaʻapu-Lyons,SeanMahaffey,CarlMeyers,EileenNalley,EdnaDiazNegron,YannisPapstamatiou,JulienPaillusseau,MarkSparkyPriest,JoshuaReece,D.RossRobertson,MarkRoyer,TaneSinclair-Taylor,KimTenggardjaja,KaiSteuer,ZoltanSzabo,KalikoThomas,JackieTroller,SarahTucker,LeonWeaver,RobertWhitton,VanWishingrad,JillZamzow,JulieZill,andmanymore.LogisticalSupport:DavidPence,JasonJones,andUHDiveOffice,CrewoftheR/VHiʻialkai,DreamDivers,DolphinDivers,M/VDeli,theAdministrationoftheBritishIndianOceanTerritoryandChagosConservationTrust,UniversityofMilano-BicoccaMarineResearchandHighEducationCentreinMagoodhoo,theMinistryofFisheriesandAgriculture,RepublicofMaldives,andthecommunityofMaghoodhoo,FaafuAtoll

ToBoLabmembers(pastandpresent),FishFlowteam

Questions?

richard r. coleman, ph€¦ · 24/9/2019 · richard r. coleman, ph.d. hawaiʻi institute of...

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