rfid(radio frequency identification)-prince dudhatra-9724949948

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24 March 2011 prince dudhatra-9724949948 1

A BASIC INTRODUCTION TO RFID

TECHNOLOGY AND ITSUSE IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN




In 2003, RFID appeared f rom nowhere , a nd into the s po t light a s one of the ho tte st t ech nologie sarou nd.Equa lly s urpr ising is t ha t RFID is n ot n ew , itsbee n arou nd f or we ll over 10 y ear s, a nd isa lread y in us e in app lica tions lik e acce ssco ntro l a nd tra ns por t.

Crea tion of the EPC (Elec tronic P roduc t Code) coup led with lower ta g co sts, a nd the ma nda ted adop tion of RFID by W a l-Mar t a nd Te s co f or a llthe ir s upp lier s by 2005-06 .

Introduction




Wha t is RFID?

RFID mea ns Rad io Freque ncy IDe ntifica tion.

It is a mea ns of ide ntifying a per s on or objec tusing a rad io f reque ncy tra ns missi on.

The tech nology ca n b e us ed to ide ntify,trac k, s or t or de tec t a wide var ie ty of objec ts .

Commu nica tion t a ke s place be twee n a reader (interro ga tor) a nd a tra ns po nder (Silico n Ch ip co nn ec ted to a n a nte nn a) ofte nca lled a ta g.




Wha t is RFID? ( contd )

Ta gs ca n e ither be active (powered by b a tter y) or passive (powered by t he reader fie ld) , a nd come in var iou s f orm s in clud ing S mar t card s, T a gs,La be ls, wa tche s a nd eve n em bedded in mo bile

pho ne s .

The commu nica tion f reque ncie s us ed depe nds t o a lar ge ex te nt on t he app lica tion, a nd ra ng e f rom 125KHz t o 2.4 5 GHz .




M ost commonly used RFID frequencies




H ow RFID works?




H ow RFID works? ( contd )

Ta gs are a ttached to objec ts . Each ta g ha s a cer ta in amou nt of inter na l memor y in which itst ore s inf orma tion a bou t the objec t, s uch a s its

unique ID (s er ia l) num ber , or in s ome ca s e smore de ta ils in clud ing ma nuf ac ture da te a nd produc t compo sition.

Whe n the s e ta gs pa ss t hrou gh a fie ld ge nera ted by a reader , the y tra ns mit this inf orma tion b ac kto the reader , there by i de ntifying t he objec t.





Whe n the reader is s witched on, it st ar ts em ittinga sign a l a t the s e lec ted f reque ncy b a nd (typica lly860 - 915MHz f or UHF or 13 .56MHz f or HF ).

Any corre s po nding t a g in t he vicinity of the reader will de tec t the sign a l a nd us e the e ner gyf rom it to wa ke up a nd s upp ly opera ting power to its int er na l circu its .

Once the Ta g ha s decoded the sign a l a s va lid, itrep lie s t o the reader , a nd indica te s its pre s e nce by modu la ting ( a ff ec ting ) the reader fie ld.




A nti-collision problem in RFID

If ma ny t a gs are pre s e nt, t he y will a ll rep ly a t the s ame time , which a t the reader e nd is s ee n a s a sign a l co llisiona nd a n in dica tion of mu ltiple ta gs .Reader ma na ge s t his pro blem by using a n a nti-co llisiona lgor ithm de sign ed to a llow ta gs t o be s or ted a nd individua lly s e lec ted.There are ma ny diff ere nt ty pe s of a lgor ithm s (Bin ar yTree , Aloha....) wh ich are de fined a s par t of the pro toco lst a ndard s . The num ber of ta gs t ha t ca n b e ide ntified depe nds on t he f reque ncy a nd pro toco l us ed , a nd ca n ty pica lly ra ng e f rom 50 t a gs/s f or HF a nd up to 200 t a gs/s f or UHF .





Once a ta g is s e lec ted , the reader is a ble to per f orm a num ber of opera tions s uch a s read the ta gs i de ntifier num ber , or in the ca s e of a read /wr ite ta g wr ite inf orma tion t o it.

After finishing dia loging with the ta g ,t he reader ca n t he n e ither remove it f rom the list, or pu t it onst a ndby until a la ter time.

This proce ss co ntin ue s under co ntro l of the a ntico llision a lgor ithm until a ll ta gs have bee ns e lec ted.




H ig h Frequency T a gs




U ltr a H ig h Frequency T a gs




A ctive v/s P a ssive T a gs




R FID R e a ders

H F R eader UH F EPC R eader

H andheld Readers




R FID L a bel Printers




C omp a rison of B a r codes a nd R FID




Benefits of RFID in Supply C ha in

A dvanced S hipping No tices (A SN)RFID is a ble to au toma tica lly de tec t whe n e ither a pa lle t or s hipme nt ha s l e ft the warehou s e or Dist r ibution Ce nter. Allow to not only g e nera te a n e lec tronic ASN a nd notify the rec ipie nt, b ut a lso to bill clie nts in rea l time inst ead of wa itinguntil the e nd of the wee k or mo nth, a nd do ing a ba tch opera tion.

P r o duct Lo ssOne of the ma jor pro blem s in t he s upp ly cha in is produc t loss

or s hr inka ge , which ca n accou nt f or a nyt hing f rom 2 t o 5 % of st oc k. The cau s e s ma y var y f rom misplaced order s, emp loyee a nd cu st omer the ft or ine fficie nt st oc k ma na geme nt .RFID with its s uper ior trac king a nd ide ntifica tion capa bility willbe a ble to loca lize where loss e s are occurr ing .





Returned Goo dsFull visibility a nd au toma tion ca n b e po te ntia llyach ieved on re tur ned good s t here by reduc ing f raud.

A nti-c o unterfeitIlle ga l dup lica tion a nd ma nuf ac ture of high va lue produc ts, is one of the indu st r ie s mo st we ll know npro blem s .

By int e gra ting a ta g int o item s, f or examp le the bod y of a n expe nsi ve lad ie s ha ndba g, RFID ha s t he po te ntia lto au the ntica te a produc t, a nd com ba t the s a le of f a lse good s on t he blac k mar ke ts .





S upp ly Cha in e fficie ncyRFID will e na ble the tracea bility a nd reduc tion in t he num ber of discrepa ncie s b e twee n wha t a s upp lier invo iced , a nd wha t a cu st omer ac tua lly rece ived.

Improved st oc k ma na geme ntMa na ging st oc k is t he ke y pr ior ity f or ma ny re ta iler s .

Imp leme nting RFID a t the item leve l a nd on s he lve swill give a n au toma tic wa y of kn ow ing a nd ma na gingst oc k leve ls .





Reduc tion in l a bour co stsAt Dist r ibution Ce ntre s, l a bour accou nts f or near ly70% of co sts .RFID cou ld reduce this by n ear ly 30% by remov ingthe need f or ma nua l interve ntion a nd us e of barcode swhe n load ing ca s e s or st oc king pa lle ts .

rfid(radio frequency identification)-prince dudhatra-9724949948

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