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Slide 2 Review of Computer Hardware, Operating Systems, and Media EDUC 286: Educational Technology II: Professional Tools Fall 2009 Slide 3 What is Hardware? A term used to describe the equipment components of a computer. Slide 4 Three Processes Input: entering data. Operation: manipulating data. Output: retrieving information. All hardware other than the computer itself are called peripherals. Slide 5 Input Peripherals Keyboard Mouse Trackpad (laptop) Slide 6 Other Types of Input Peripherals Digital Cameras Digital Video Cameras Scanners Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software allows scanned text to be used or edited in a word processing program. Slide 7 Other Types of Input Peripherals (cont.) Modem Fax Modem Both are input and output devices. Slide 8 Central Processing Unit (CPU) Heart of the computer through which all instructions and information flow. Slide 9 Internal Memory ROM: Read only memory- permanent memory. RAM: Random-access memory-temporary memory. Computer stores all your work on RAM until you save it on disk! Slide 10 Internal Memory (cont.) Increase RAM: Increase the size of applications that can be run. Increase number of applications that can be open at the same time. Increase in the file size that can be processed. Slide 11 Internal Memory (cont.) RAM: expressed in units of a 1000 bytes (K) or kilobyte. expressed in units of 1 million bytes (MB) or megabyte. expressed in units of 1 billion bytes (GB) or gigabyte. Also used to define storage capacity. Slide 12 External Memory First floppy disk: 5 square, plastic, flexible. Slide 13 External Memory (cont.) Current Floppy disk: 3 square, hard plastic-increased protection. Can be write protected. 1.44 MB Slide 14 External Memory (cont.) Disc drive: function is to save and retrieve data from the floppy disk. Slide 15 External Memory (cont.) Key Chain Drives: also known as a USB drive, flash drive, or disk-on-key. This is a plug-and- play portable storage device that uses flash memory and is lightweight enough to attach to a key chain. MB to GB Slide 16 External Memory (cont.) Other disks: Iomega Zip and Jaz drives and Imation SuperDisk. Greater storage capacity and faster access when opening files. Slide 17 External Memory (cont.) Optical Storage Devices Videodisk: the first optical device-1978. CD-audio: digital format-1983. Photo-CD Slide 18 External Memory (cont.) Optical Storage Devices CD-ROM: Began as read-only technology, but has evolved to CD-R or RW (rewriteable). Stores approximately 700 MB of data. DVD-R or RW : Digital versatile disk: Stores approximately 4.7GB of data. DS will store twice as much data. Slide 19 Output Peripherals Display information Video monitor: high resolution. Video projectors: display large projected image. Overhead display panel (LCD): designed to sit on the stage of an overhead projector. Slide 20 Output Peripherals (cont.) Display information Printers Ink-jet: low cost, low maintenance. Laser: higher cost, better resolution. Slide 21 User Interface Interaction between human and machine. Programming instructions in simple language. Interprets your actions and executes the instructions. Slide 22 User Interface (cont.) MS-DOS (Microsoft-Disk Operating System): text- based interface. Examples: Operating Systems Apple introduced the first graphic user interface or GUI (gooey) in 1984. Slide 23 User Interface (cont.) Original Windows: ran once DOS was loaded. Indirectly controlled computer. Current OS is Vista. Windows 7 available soon. Macintosh/Apple OS X: directly controls computer. Current OS is Snow Leopard. All graphic interfaces use icons rather than text. Examples: Operating Systems Slide 24 What do you want to accomplish ? The software should drive the hardware. Instead of asking yourself: What hardware should I use? Ask: What hardware is available for what I want to do?