canadian educ

7/31/2019 Canadian Educ.

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Mrs. Jocelyn Geroleo

Mr. Mark Anthony Peralta

Reporters


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Brief History

The name Canada comes from the St.

Lawrence word kanata, meaning "village" or

"settlement".

In 1965, the nation adopted theas their official flag. It was in 1867

when Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova

Scotia formed a confederation and on ,

the British North America Act declared Canada a

country.


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About Canadas History Much of present-day Canada

was under the control of France until 1763. Four years

earlier, British forces under General James Wolfe had

defeated the French under the Marquis de Montcalm at

the Plains of Abraham in Quebec City, beginning the

end of the period of French rule. The basic duality of

Canada that is, as between English and French

speakers has shaped the countrys history, politics andculture ever since. Under the Quebec Act of 1774, various

rights with respect to language, religion and civil law

were granted to the large French-speaking population

of the modern-day province of Quebec. From 1791 to

1841, Ontario (formerly the thinly-populated western

frontier of the French territories) and Quebec were

separately governed as Upper Canada and Lower

Canada, respectively.


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Motto: A Mari Usque Ad Mare(Latin)"From Sea to Sea"

Capital:Ottawa Largest city:Toronto

Official language (s): English and French

Demonym: Canadian

Population: 34,482,779 rank 35 (est. as ofNov. 2011)

- 2012 estimate 34,899,000

GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate - Total$1.396 trillion -Per capita$40,541

GDP (nominal)2011 estimate - Total$1.736

trillion - Per capita$50,436


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National Anthem: O CANADA

O Canada!

Our home and native land!

True patriot love in all thy sons command.

With glowing hearts we see thee rise, The True North strong and free!

From far and wide,

O Canada, we stand on guard for thee.

God keep our land glorious and free!




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Canada


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What does a maple leafsymbolize in Canada ?

1. It symbolizes the unity ofCanadians, with no bias againstany particular race.

2. Maple trees are common, and

can be found anywhere in thecountry.


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WHAT IS THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE OFCANADA?

English and French are the officiallanguages of all federal governmentinstitutions in Canada. This means that the

public has the right to communicate with,and receive services from, federalgovernment institutions in either English orFrench and that federal government

employees have the right to work in theofficial language of their choice indesignated bilingual regions.


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Religious Affiliation

Religious affiliation: In Canada, schoolscan be secular (no religious affiliation),Catholic or Christian (various Protestant

denominations). Some provinces haveseparate school boards for religious andnon-religious schools.


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Finance

The history of banking in Canada datesback to 1817, when the Bank of Montrealwas founded. Other banks were established

after arduous approval procedures andstarted unregulated banking activities.Under the amended British North America

Act, currency notes could be printed not

only by those institutions, but by provincialand federal governments, as well. Theofficial currency was established in 1871.


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The currency of Canada is the Canadian dollar, designatedwith the symbol $, or to mark a difference with the US dollar

with C$. Five years ago, in 2007, it held 7th place amongthe most traded currencies around the globe, after the USdollar, the Euro, the Japanese yen, the UK pound sterling, theSwiss franc and the AUS dollar. The countrys banking

system is deemed the safest one in the world, as well as themost efficient. According to the 2008 World Economic Forumreport, Canada is ranked as the soundest banking system inthe world. Canadian banks, widely known as chartered

banks, were reported to include 8000 branches and over 17.000 ATMs in the country.


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Canada GDP Growth Rate

Published on 6/1/2012 1:56:47 PM | ByTradingEconomics.com, Statistics Canada

Canada's real gross domestic product(GDP) rose 0.5% in the first quarter, thesame pace as in the previous quarter.Business investment contributed the mostto first-quarter GDP growth. Final domesticdemand grew 0.3%. On a monthly basis,real GDP by industry edged up 0.1% in

March.


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CANADAS GOVERNMENT AND

LEGAL SYSTEM

General Canada is a parliamentary democracy, afederal stateand a constitutional monarchy.

Monarch -Elizabeth II

Governor General -David Johnston

Prime Minister -Stephen Harper

Legislature Parliament - Upper houseSenate

- Lower house - House of Commons


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Government:


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Total Land Area: 9,976,140 sq km (3,851,809 sq mi) Itis the second largest country in the world, with a landmass approaching ten million square kilometres (over3.8 million square miles). The vast majority of

Canadas 33 million people live in the southern thirdof the country. English and French are Canadas

official languages, with French predominating in theprovince of Quebec, and English predominating

elsewhere. Many other languages are also spoken,reflecting the vast number of immigrants that thecountry has attracted, and continues to attract, fromevery corner of the globe.

GEOGRAPHY


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GEOGRAPHY

Region: North and Central America

Provinces: 10 (Ontario, Quebec, NovaScotia, New Brunswick, Manitoba, BritishColumbia, Prince Edward Island,Saskatchewan, Alberta, andNewfoundland and Labrador)

Territories: 3 (Northwest Territories,Yukon and Nunavut)


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Among the large cities in Canada are

Toronto, Montreal, Edmonton, Calgary,Winnipeg, Vancouver, Ottawa.

Toronto is the capital of Ontario and the biggest city in Canada.Populated by more than 2.5 million residents (4. .7 million in the

GTA), it is the fifth largest municipality on the territory of NorthAmerica. Toronto is the economic capital of the country and aglobal financial center. The key economic sectors in Torontoinclude telecommunications, finance, business services, softwareproduction, tourism, aerospace, medical research, and education,among others. Montreal, the second largest city, is situated in

Quebec and has a population of more than


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Educational

Structure of

CANADA


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National education budget

Budget 3.6% of GDP

Per student-US$ 6,482

General details

Primary languages English & French System type-Provincially Controlled

Literacy

Male99%

Female99%

Attainment

Secondary diploma 80.5%

Post-secondary diploma 53%


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Educational Structure Structure:School districts: Provinces are dividedinto school districts, and school

districts have school boards (electedofficials) which implement policy andcurriculum set out by the province. A

school district usually serves one ormore cities or towns, depending ontheir size.


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Education in Canada is for the most part provided publicly, fundedand overseen by federal, provincial, and local governments.

Education is within provincial jurisdiction and the curriculum isoverseen by the province. Education in Canada is generally dividedinto primary education, followed by secondary education and post-secondary. Within the provinces under the ministry of education,there are district school boards administering the educational

programs. Education is compulsory up to the age of 16 in everyprovince in Canada, except for Manitoba, Ontario and NewBrunswick, where the compulsory age is 18, or as soon as a highschool diploma has been achieved. In some provinces early leavingexemptions can be granted under certain circumstances at 14.Canada generally has 190 (180 in Quebec) school days in the year,officially starting from September (after Labour Day) to the end ofJune (usually the last Friday of the month, except in Quebec when itis just before June 24 the provincial holiday).


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Elementary, secondary, and post-secondaryeducation in Canada is a provincial responsibilityand there are many variations between the

provinces. Some educational fields aresupported at various levels by federaldepartments. The Department of Indian andNorthern Affairs Canada is responsible for the

education of First Nations. Vocational trainingcan be subsidized by the Learning branch ofHuman Resources and Skills DevelopmentCanada (a federal department).


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Length of study

Most Canadian education systems continue upto grade twelve (age seventeen to eighteen).In Quebec, the typical high school term ends

after Secondary V/Grade eleven (age sixteen toseventeen); following this, students who wish topursue their studies to the university level haveto attend college. Grade 11 was also the end of

secondary education in Newfoundland andLabrador prior to the introduction of grade 12 in1983.


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Structure of Education andtraining in Canada

In Canada, education is the responsibility of the 10provinces and 3 territories. While educationalstructures and institutions across the country are

similar in many ways, they have been developed byeach jurisdiction to respond to the particularcircumstances, geographical situation, andhistorical and cultural heritage of the populations

they serve. This appendix describes the variousstructures and organization of education andtraining in Canada.


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EDUCATION

Kindergarten

Education, in most instances, beginswith kindergarten. Junior kindergartenis available in British Columbia andOntario, while in some areas,kindergarten is either not required or it

is not available. Generally, children areaged five when they start kindergarten.


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Levels in education

Canada outside Quebec

As the education system in Canada is managed by thevarying provincial governments in Canada, the way theeducational stages are grouped and named may differ

from each region. For example, the Ministry of Educationin Nova Scotia refers to Kindergarten as GradePrimary.Also, opposed to their French designations inQuebec, Junior Kindergarten and Kindergarten in

Ontario are calledMaternelleand CPE Centre de laPetite Enfancein French. Students in the Prairieprovinces are not required by statute to attendkindergarten. As a result, kindergarten often is notavailable in smaller towns. The ages are the age of thestudents when they end the school year in June.


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Pre-elementary Programs

Pre-elementary programspre-Grade 1education offered by public, private, andfederal schools, as well as schools for the

visually and hearing impairedareavailable to young children, typically 4 or 5years of age, in all jurisdictions. Most

jurisdictions offer one year of public pre-

elementary programs, with Quebec,Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and

Alberta offering additional years.


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Pre-elementary

In Quebec, one additional year of publicly funded pre-elementary programming is available to some 4-year-oldswho have disabilities or who are from low-income families. InOntario, the provision of an additional year of pre-elementaryfor 4-year-olds is dependent on the choice of the local school

board, and funding is provided by the Ministry of Education.In Ontario, all school boards offer this program for theirstudents. In Manitoba, one additional year of pre-elementaryprogramming is offered at the discretion of each schooldivision, and two school divisions currently provide this

program, which is not funded by the Department of

Education.


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Pre-elementary

In Saskatchewan, two additional years ofpre-elementary programming are funded inschools in communities where a significant

portion of pre-school children are not readyto participate fully in the learningopportunities offered to kindergarten andGrade 1 students. These programs are not

mandatory and are not universal. Albertaalso offers two additional fully funded yearsof pre-elementary programming, targeted tostudents with disabilities or to those who

are considered talented or gifted.


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Elementary School and

Kindergarten Teachers Elementary school and kindergarten

teachers taught basic subjects suchas reading, writing and arithmetic orspecialized subjects such as Englishor French as a second language at

public and private elementary schools.Elementary school librarians areincluded in this unit group.


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Examples of Occupational Titles

Elementary school teacher;

Elementary school teacher, English as a second language;

Elementary school teacher, French as a second language;

French immersion teacher, elementary school;

kindergarten teacher;

primary school teacher;

special education teacher, elementary school;

supply teacher, elementary school.


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Elementary and SecondaryEducation

Public education is provided free to allCanadian citizens and permanent residentsuntil the end of secondary school, which

normally occurs at age 18. The ages forcompulsory schooling vary from onejurisdiction to another. Generally, schoolingis required from age 6 or 7 as of a certain

date as specified in jurisdictional legislation(age 5 in New Brunswick and BritishColumbia) to age 16. In New Brunswick andOntario, schooling is compulsory to the age

of 18 or until graduation.


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Elementary and secondary

In most jurisdictions, elementary-secondary education consists of 12years of study, Grades 1 through 12 .

The only exception is Quebec, where the elementary-secondarysystem has 6 years of elementary school and 5 years of secondaryschool. Following a major change in policy, 2002/2003 was the lastyear for Grade 13 in Ontario. One immediate consequence of thischange was the double cohort of students who entered the

postsecondary system in 2003/2004 (comprising the last graduating

class from the old system and the first graduating class from thenew system).

The elementary-secondary continuum reflects different gradecombinations in different jurisdictions, thus the point of transitionbetween elementary and secondary school varies.


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Secondary school diplomas are granted tostudents who pass the compulsory andoptional courses of their programs. Public

funding at the pre-elementary andelementary-secondary levels is providedeither directly via the provincial or territorialgovernment or through a mix of

provincial/territorial transfers and localtaxes collected by the local government orby school boards that have the power toimpose taxes.


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Pre-elementary

In most jurisdictions, pre-elementaryprograms in the year before Grade 1 areoffered to children who turn 5 years of age

by a certain date in the school year asspecified in jurisdictional legislation.

Attendance in these programs is optional inmost jurisdictions, although it is mandatory

in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Theintensity of these programs varies; some

jurisdictions offer full-day programs, someoffer half-day programs, and some offer

both.


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Postsecondary education

Once secondary school has been successfullycompleted, students may apply to college oruniversity programs. Traditionally, enrolment intrade-vocational programs, such as apprenticeship

or other programs geared towards preparation foremployment in an occupation or trade, did notrequire graduation from secondary school.However, requirements have been evolving so that

more and more programs, especially in tradesdealing with advanced technology or havingimplications for public safety, now require highschool graduation.


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Post secondary education

Apprenticeship training involves a contract between anapprentice and an employer, registered with the jurisdiction,in which the employer provides the apprentice with trainingand experience for a trade. Programs vary in length from twoto five years, depending on the trade. Registered

apprenticeship combines on-the-job experience with four- toeight-week periods of in-class training each year of theprogram. In most jurisdictions, the in-class portion is usuallytaken at a postsecondary institution during the apprenticeshiptraining. However, in Quebec, the in-class training is taken

prior to beginning an apprenticeship program.


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As of 2009, the provinces and territories hadagreed on interprovincial standards for 50 of theregistered trades. In these 50 trades, candidateswho achieve an agreed-upon standard qualify for a

Red Seal endorsement and are allowed to workanywhere in Canada without further training orexamination.

In Quebec, data relating to trade-vocationalprograms that are administered at the secondarylevel are reported at that level.


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Levels within pre-elementary and elementary-secondary schools, by jurisdiction:


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What is Canadas weakness?

Paradoxically, Canadas strength also

contributes to one of two areasrequiring improvement. The Canadian

system is heavily weighted towardschool-acquired skillsmore so thanin European countries. Thus, it lacks

focus on work-based skills trainingand lifelong education that can befostered outside traditional academic

institutions.


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Canada should be concerned about its adult literacy rate.Canadians who have not been fortunate enough to acquireadequate education in school, therefore, are at risk of slippingthrough the cracks as adults. About 3 million adult Canadianshave only Level 1 literacy and a further 4.5 million only

achieve Level 2. A person with Level 1 literacy may havedifficulty performing simple tasks like reading andunderstanding medicinal instructions. Many Level 2 adultshide their lack of broader functional literacy by tailoring theirlives within narrow and simple work and life parameters.


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Therefore, Canada has over 7 million adultswho may lack the functional literacy toadjust to changes in the economy.

Canadas economic boom in the last 10years has so far protected many of thesepeople. Conference Board research shows,however, that people with low literacy skills

have weaker attachments to the labourmarket and generally do not do well ineconomic downturns.


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Canada also underperforms in thehighest levels of skills attainment.Canada produces relatively few high-

end graduates with Ph.D.s (Canadareceives a "D" grade), as well asgraduates in science, math, computer

science, and engineering (Canadareceives a "C" grade).


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They need more graduates withadvanced qualifications and graduatesin these fields to enhance innovation

and productivity growthandultimately to ensure a high andsustainable quality of life for all

Canadians.


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Elementary school generally includes gradesone through six (for students aged

approximately six to 12 years), when there is ajunior high school as the next step. In someareas, elementary school is extended throughgrade eight. Middle schools and junior high

schools provide the transition from elementaryto high school, and encompass years seven andeight of the education system.


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High school

High school runs typically through grades nine to12. In Qubec, high school ends in grade eleven

and is followed by CEGEP, a program thatprepares the student for university or a technicalfield. A second senior year, sometimes called a'victory lap' is often used in its place to

strengthen the student academically beforeentering university.


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Vocational school or university Beyond this, students can attend either

vocational schools or enter a university.

At a university they will first earn aBachelor's degree, and can continuestudies to receive a Master's or aDoctorate degree. Vocational students

will earn certificates and diplomas thatwill attest to their skills in the varioustrades.


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Pillars of Lifelong Learning

Canada encompasses four pillars of lifelong learning from early childhood toadulthood addressing the most pressing education and learning issuesfacing Canadians today:

1. Early Childhood Learning and Development: All children should haveaccess to high quality early childhood education that ensures they arrive at

school ready to learn. 2. Elementary to High School Systems: All children in our elementary to

high school systems deserve teaching and learning opportunities that areinclusive and that provide them with world-class skills in literacy, numeracy,and science.

3. Postsecondary Education: Canada must increase the number of students

pursuing postsecondary education by increasing the quality andaccessibility of postsecondary education.

4. Adult Learning and Skills Development: Canada must develop anaccessible, diversified, and integrated system of adult learning and skillsdevelopment that delivers training when Canadians need it.


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Educational Structures

Early childhood Education

Junior Kindergarten

(ages 45) (Ontario only)

Grade Primary or Kindergarten

(ages 56)


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Elementary Education Grade 1 (ages 67)

Grade 2 (ages 78)

Grade 3 (ages 89)

Grade 4 (ages 910)

Grade 5 (ages 1011)

Grade 6 (ages 1112) Grade 7 (ages 1213)

Grade 8 (ages 1314)


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Secondary Education Grade 9 (ages 1415)

Grade 10 (ages 1516)



Grade 12+ (ages 18+) (Ontario only)b
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Canada


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Tertiary education College: In Canada, the term college usuallyrefers to a community college or a technical, applied arts, or appliedscience school. These are post-secondary institutionsgranting certificates, diplomas, associates degree, and bachelor'sdegrees.

University: A university is an institution of higher education andresearch, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. Auniversity is a corporation that provides both undergraduateeducation and postgraduate education.

Graduate school: A graduate school is a school that awards

advanced academic certificates, diplomas and degrees (i.e. master'sdegree, Ph.D.)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_certificatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associates_degreehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degreeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degreeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postgraduate_certificatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postgraduate_diplomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postgraduate_diplomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postgraduate_certificatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degreeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degreeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associates_degreehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_certificate


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Quebec

garderie(Pre-school); Under 5

maternelle(Kindergarten); 5-6

cole primaire(literally Primary school, equivalent to Elementary SchoolorGradeSchool)

Grade 1; 6-7

Grade 2; 7-8

Grade 3; 8-9

Grade 4; 9-10

Grade 5; 10-11

Grade 6; 11-12

cole secondaire(literally Secondary school, orHigh School)

Secondary I; 12-13

Secondary II; 13-14

Secondary III; 14-15

Secondary IV; 15-16

Secondary V; 16-17
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindergartenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindergarten


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Secondaries I-V are equivalent to grades 7-11. In most English High Schools, the different termsare used interchangeably. In some English high schools, as well as in most French schools, highschool students will refer to secondary 1-5 as year one through five. So if someone in Secondarythree is asked "what grade/year are you in?" they will reply "three" or "sec 3," or "grade 9". It ispresumed that the person asking the question knows that they are referring not to "Grade 3" but"Secondary 3". However, this can be confusing for those who are asking the question from outsideof Quebec.

College Pre-university program, two years (typically Social Sciences, Natural Sciences or Arts)

Professional program, three years (e.g. Paralegal, Dental Hygienist, Nursing, etc.)

University (Usually requires a Diploma of College Studies (DCS (DECin French)) or equivalent)

Undergraduate

Three or four years leading to a Bachelor's degree. Non-Quebec students require an extra year to complete thesame degree because of the extra year in college.

Graduate (or postgraduate)

One or two years leading to a Master's degree.

three or more years leading to a Doctoral degree.

English schools in Quebec have the same grade system as French schools, but with Englishnames. For example, "elementary school" is not called "cole primaire" in an English school, buthas the same grading system.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_education_in_Quebechttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diploma_of_College_Studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degreehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master%27s_degreehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctoratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctoratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master%27s_degreehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degreehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diploma_of_College_Studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_education_in_Quebec


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