rev management information system

8/17/2019 Rev Management Information System

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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

SECTION A

QUESTION 1

Answer.

Define MIS? What are the harateristis !f MIS?

An organized approach to the study of the information needs of an organization’smanagement at every level in making operational, tactical and strategic decisions. Itsobjective is to design and implement procedures, processes, and routines that provide suitablydetailed reports in an accurate, consistent and timely manner.

In a management information system, modern, computerized systems continuously

gather relevant data, both from inside and outside an organization. This data is then

processed, integrated, and stored in a centralized database (or data arehouse! here it is

constantly updated and made available to all ho have the authority to access it, in

a form that suits their purpose.

What are the harateristis !f MIS?

"olloing are the characteristics of #I$%

It should be based on a long&term planning.

It should provide a holistic vie of the dynamics and the structure of the

organization.

It should ork as a complete and comprehensive system covering all interconnecting

sub&systems ithin the organization.

It should be planned in a top&don ay, as the decision makers or the management

should actively take part and provide clear direction at the development stage of the

#I$.

It should be based on need of strategic, operational and tactical information of

managers of an organization.

It should also take care of e'ceptional situations by reporting such situations.

It should be able to make forecasts and estimates, and generate advanced information,

thus providing a competitive advantage. ecision makers can take actions on the basis of such predictions.

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It should create linkage beteen all sub&systems ithin the organization, so that the

decision makers can take the right decision based on an integrated vie.

It should allo easy flo of information through various sub&systems, thus avoiding

redundancy and duplicity of data. It should simplify the operations ith as much

practicability as possible.

Although the #I$ is an integrated, complete system, it should be made in such a

fle'ible ay that it could be easily split into smaller sub&systems as and hen

re)uired.

A central database is the backbone of a ell&built #I$.

Charateristis !f C!"#$teri%e& MIS

"olloing are the characteristics of a ell&designed computerized #I$%

It should be able to process data accurately and ith high speed, using various

techni)ues like operations research, simulation and heuristics.

It should be able to collect, organize, manipulate, and update large amount of ra

data of both related and unrelated nature, coming from various internal and e'ternal

sources at different periods of time.

It should provide real time information on on&going events ithout any delay.

It should support various output formats and follo latest rules and regulations in

practice.

It should provide organized and relevant information for all levels of management%

strategic, operational, and tactical.

It should aim at e'treme fle'ibility in data storage and retrieval.

SECTION A

QUESTION '


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Answer

E(#)ain strate*i MIS ate*!ries in &etai). Gi+e re)e+ant e(a"#)es.

$trategic #I$ is concerned ith formulating policies and long term goals. *eople ho make

big decisions for the entire company belong to this level. The information needed at this levelshould be a comprehensive, summarised report of the statistics and standing of a company.

The information at this level is a summary of information gathered at tactical level, hose

objective is to meet the goals set by the strategic level. It should present trends over a period

of time that is )uarter, a semester or a year. +'amples of strategic level management

information systems are +'ecutive Information $ystems, +'pert $ystem, +'ecutive $upport

$ystem, ecision $upport $ystems, .. These systems present the enterprise ide

performance of the company for e'ecutive analysis and decision making.

-elo the diagram shos the major types of management information system including

strategic level system as illustrated by *rof. ishant /. 0ai.

Strate*i Inf!r"ati!n S,ste"


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A $trategic Information $ystem ($I$! is a system to manage information and assist instrategic decision making. A strategic information system has been defined as, 1Theinformation system to support or change enterprise2s strategy.1A $I$ is a type of Information $ystem that is aligned ith business strategy and structure.The alignment increases the capability to respond faster to environmental changes and thus

creates a competitive advantage. An early e'ample as the favourable position affordedAmerican and 3nited Airlines by their reservation systems, $abre and Apollo. "or manyyears these to systems ensured that the to carriers2 flights appeared on the first screensobserved by travel agents, thus increasing their bookings relative to competitors. A majorsource of controversysurrounding $I$ is their sustainability.$I$s are different from other comparable systems as%

They change the ay the firm competes.

They have an e'ternal (outard looking! focus.

They are associated ith higher project risk.

They are innovative (and not easily copied!.

E(e$ti+e Inf!r"ati!n S,ste"

+'ecutive Information $ystems are strategic&level information systems that are found at thetop of the *yramid. They help e'ecutives and senior managers analyse the environment inhich the organization operates, to identify long&term trends, and to plan appropriate coursesof action. The information in such systems is often eakly structured and comes from bothinternal and e'ternal sources. +'ecutive Information $ystem are designed to be operateddirectly by e'ecutives ithout the need for intermediaries and easily tailored to the

preferences of the individual using them.

F$nti!ns !f an EIS

+I$ organizes and presents data and information from both e'ternal data sources and internal#I$ or T*$ in order to support and e'tend the inherent capabilities of senior e'ecutives.

"unctions of a +I$ in terms of data processing re)uirements

Inputs *rocessing 4utputs

+'ternal data

Internal files

*re&defined models

$ummarising

$imulation

5rilling don’

$ummary reports

"orecasts

6raphs7plots

S!"e e(a"#)es !f EIS

+'ecutive Information $ystems tend to be highly individualized and are often custom madefor a particular client group8 hoever, a number of off&the&shelf +I$ packages do e'ist andmany enterprise level systems offer a customizable +I$ module.

The r!)e !f EIS


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Are concerned ith ease of use

Are concerned ith predicting the future

Are effectiveness orieted

Are highly fle'ible

$upport unstructured decisions

3se internal and e'ternal data sources

3sed only at the most senior management levels

E(e$ti+e S$##!rt S,ste"

+'ecutive support systems are intended to be used by the senior managers directly to

provide support to non&programmed decisions in strategic management.

These information are often e'ternal, unstructured and even uncertain. +'act scope and

conte't of such information is often not knon beforehand.

This information is intelligence based%

#arket intelligence

Investment intelligence

Technology intelligence

The folloing are some e'amples of intelligent information, hich is often the source of an

+'ecutive support system%

#arket reports

9onfidential information about the competitors

6overnment policies

$peculative information like market conditions

Technical reports from consultants "inancial reports and information

+'ternal data bases

Technology reports like patents

E(#ert S,ste"

+'pert systems are computer applications that combine computer e)uipment, softare, and

specialized information to imitate e'pert human reasoning and advice. *rof. +dard

"eigenbaum from $tanford 3niversity, a famous researcher on +$ defines +$ as% 1an

intelligent computer programme that uses knoledge and reasoning procedures to solve


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difficult problems that need certain e'pertise to solve the problems.: As a branch of artificial

intelligence, e'pert systems provide discipline&specific advice and e'planation to their users.

;hile artificial intelligence is a broad field covering many aspects of computer&generated

thought, e'pert systems are more narroly focused. Typically, e'pert systems function bestith specific activities or problems and a discrete database of digitized facts, rules, cases, and

models. +'pert systems are used idely in commercial and industrial settings, including

medicine, finance, manufacturing, and sales. $ome of the e'amples of e'pert system

applications are%&

An +'pert $ystem that helps bank managers in making decisions on granting loans. &

An +'pert $ystem that advises bank managers in giving housing loans.

An +'pert $ystem that advises insurance companies on the risks involved in insuring

a customer or a company.

An +'pert $ystem that helps banks decides on hether a customer is entitled for a

credit card or not.

As a softare program, the e'pert system integrates a searching and sorting program ith a

knoledge database. The specific searching and sorting program for an e'pert system is

knon as the inference engine. The inference engine contains all the systematic processing

rules and logic associated ith the problem or task at hand. #athematical probabilities often

serve as the basis for many e'pert systems. The second component, the knoledge database,

stores necessary factual, procedural, and e'periential information representing e'pert

knoledge. Through a procedure knon as knoledge transfer, e'pertise (or those skills and

knoledge that sustain a much better than average performance! passes from human e'pert to

knoledge engineer. The knoledge engineer actually creates and structures the knoledge

database by completing certain logical, physical, and psychosocial tasks. "or this reason,

e'pert systems are often referred to as knoledge&based information systems. -y idelydistributing human e'pertise through e'pert systems, businesses can realize benefits in

consistency, accuracy, and reliability in problem&solving activities.

An e(#ert s,ste" is $s$a)), &esi*ne& t! ha+e the f!))!win* harateristis-

The


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0ight on Time 0eaction. An +'pert $ystem must function and interact in a very

reasonable period of time ith the user. The total time must be less than the time

taken by an e'pert to solve the same problem. Accepting Incorrect 0easoning. This type of application is used hen the information

used for the solution is unclear, vague or cannot be obtained and not in a domain thatis very clear. 6ood 0eliability. The e'pert system must be reliable and it must be improbable for

the system to make a mistake. +asily 3nderstood. The +'pert $ystem must be able to e'plain the reasoning steps

during the e'ecution or the inference process for the user to better understand hat is

happening. An +$ must be able to e'plain hy such actions are taken the same ay

an e'pert ould e'plain the decision he made.

A&+anta*es

9onsistency. 4ne of the advantages of an +$ is that the results given are consistent.

This might be due to the fact that there are no elements such as e'haustion and

emotions as e'perienced by humans.


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=imited $cope. This is the most obvious eakness in an +$, its scope is very limited

to its field only. In the development aspect, the +$ built is best developed because of

its high accuracy.


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A strategic system is designed to provide on&demand access to the kind of information

managers need to monitor and evaluate performance in their specific areas of responsibility

and provide support for policy formulation and policy impact assessment.

A strategic system can contribute to management’s ability to ensure )uality planning because

it ill place a multitude of relevant information at their disposal. $trategic systems provide

managers ith a tool ith hich to monitor their organisation’s performance. The ability to

monitor an organisation can provide managers ith a better understanding of hether there is

compliance ith e'isting strategic goals, hether policies are having their intended impact,

hether policies are in need of modifications, or hether ne policies or plans are needed.

Deisi!n S$##!rt S,ste"

A ecision $upport $ystem can be seen as a knoledge based system, used by seniormanagers, hich facilitates the creation of knoledge and allo its integration into theorganization. These systems are often used to analyze e'isting structured information andallo managers to project the potential effects of their decisions into the future. $uch systemsare usually interactive and are used to solve ill structured problems. They offer access todatabases, analytical tools, allo 1hat if1 simulations, and may support the e'change ofinformation ithin the organization.

F$nti!ns !f a DSS

$$ manipulate and build upon the information from a #I$ and7or T*$ to generate insights

and ne information.

F$nti!ns !f a DSS in ter"s !f &ata #r!essin* re$ire"ents

Inputs *rocessing 4utputs

Internal transactions

Internal files

+'ternal information?

#odelling

$imulation

Analysis

$ummarising

$ummary reports

"orecasts

6raphs7 *lots

S!"e e(a"#)es !f DSS

6roup ecision $upport $ystems (6$$!

9omputer $upported 9o&operative ork (9$9;!

=ogistics systems

"inancial *lanning systems

$preadsheet #odels?

The r!)e !f DSS

$upport ill& structured or semi&structured decisions


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3sed by more senior managerial levels

Are concerned ith predicting the future

Are effectiveness oriented?

SECTION A

Q$esti!n three

Write a &etai)e& n!te !n the #)annin* an& &e+e)!#"ent !f MIS?

Answer.

S,ste"s De+e)!#"ent 2ife C,)e /SD2C0

The first step in the planning and development of #I$ is to carry out a systems analysisseconded by systems design using $ystems evelopment =ife 9ycle ($=9!. $=9 puts

emphasis on decision making processes that affect system cost and usefulness. These

decisions must be based on full consideration of business processes, functional re)uirements,

economic and technical feasibility. The primary objectives of any $=9 is to deliver )uality

system hich meets or e'ceed customer e'pectations and ithin cost estimates, ork

effectively and efficiently ithin the current and planned infrastructure, and is an ine'pensive

to maintain. $=9 establishes a logical order of events for conducting system development

that is controlled, measured, documented, and ultimately improved. Any softare is not all

complete and there are enough rooms to add ne features to e'isting softare. -elo are

different phases and the related activities of system development life cycle in detail%&1. S,ste"s Ana),sis an& 3)annin*

S,ste" St$&,

*reliminary system study is the first stage of system development life cycle. This is a brief

investigation of the system under consideration and gives a clear picture of hat actually the

physical system is? In practice, the initial system study involves the preparation of a S,ste"

#r!#!sa) hich lists the *roblem efinition, 4bjectives of the $tudy, Terms of reference for

$tudy, 9onstraints, +'pected benefits of the ne system, etc. in the light of the user

re)uirements. The system proposal is prepared by the $ystem Analyst (ho studies the

system! and places it before the user management. The management may accept the proposal

and the cycle proceeds to the ne't stage. The management may also reject the proposal or

re)uest some modifications in the proposal. $ystem study phase passes through the folloing

steps%

*roblem identification and project initiation

-ackground analysis

Inference or findings

Feasi4i)it, St$&,

In case the system proposal is acceptable to the management, the ne't phase is to e'amine the

feasibility of the system. The feasibility study is basically the test of the proposed system inthe light of its orkability, meeting user’s re)uirements, effective use of resources and of


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course, the cost effectiveness. These are categorized as technical, operational, economic,

schedule and social feasibility. The main goal of feasibility study is not to solve the problem

but to achieve the scope. In the process of feasibility study, the cost and benefits are estimated

ith greater accuracy to find the 0eturn on Investment (04I!. This also defines the resources

needed to complete the detailed investigation. The result is a feasibility report submitted tothe management. This may be accepted or accepted ith modifications or rejected. -elo are

details of feasibility study%

E!n!"i feasi4i)it, The likely benefits outeigh the cost of solving the problem hich is

generally demonstrated by a cost7 benefit analysis. This includes employee training, are they

read for change, ill it increase business profit, the cost of hardare and softare.

O#erati!na) feasi4i)it, ;hether the problem can be solved in the user’s environment ith

e'isting and proposed system orkings?

Or*ani%ati!na) feasi4i)it, 5 ;hether the proposed system is consistent ith theorganization’s strategic objectives?

Tehnia) feasi4i)it, ;hether the problem be solved using e'isting technology and

resources available? 0eliability and capability of proposed hardare and softare, can they

be ac)uired ithin re)uired timeframe.

S!ia) feasi4i)it, 5 ;hether the problem be solved ithout causing any social issues?

;hether the system ill be acceptable to the society?

Detai)e& S,ste" St$&,

The detailed investigation of the system is carried out in accordance ith the objectives of the

proposed system. This involves detailed study of various operations performed by a system

and their relationships ithin and outside the system. uring this process, data are collected

on the available files, decision points and transactions handled by the present system.

Intervies, on&site observation and )uestionnaire are the tools used for detailed system study.

3sing the folloing steps it becomes easy to dra the e'act boundary of the ne system

under consideration%

/eeping in vie the problems and ne re)uirements

;orkout the pros and cons including ne areas of the system

All the data and the findings must be documented in the form of detailed data flo diagrams

("s!, data dictionary, logical data structures and miniature specifications. It includes

planning for the ne system, analysis of re)uirement, system constraints, functions and

proposed system architecture, prototype of the proposed system and its analysis.

S,ste" Ana),sis

$ystems analysis is a process of collecting factual data, understand the processes involved,

identifying problems and recommending feasible suggestions for improving the systemfunctioning. This involves studying the business processes, gathering operational data,


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understand the information flo, finding out bottlenecks and evolving solutions for

overcoming the eaknesses of the system so as to achieve the organizational goals. $ystem

Analysis also includes subdividing of comple' process involving the entire system,

identification of data store and manual processes.

The major objectives of systems analysis are to find ansers for each business process%

;hat is being done?


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the programs must be modular in nature. This helps in fast development, maintenance and

future changes, if re)uired. *rogramming tools like compilers, interpreters and language like

c, c@@, and java etc., are used for coding .ith respect to the type of application. The right

programming language should be chosen.

Testin*

-efore actually implementing the ne system into operations, a test run of the system is done

removing all the bugs, if any. It is an important phase of a successful system. After codifying

the hole programs of the system, a test plan should be developed and run on a given set of

test data. The output of the test run should match the e'pected results. $ometimes, system

testing is considered as a part of implementation process.

3sing the test data folloing test run are carried out%

3r!*ra" test

;hen the programs have been coded and compiled and brought to orking conditions, they

must be individually tested ith the prepared test data. All verification and validation be

checked and any undesirable happening must be noted and debugged (error corrected!.

S,ste" Test

After carrying out the program test for each of the programs of the system and errors

removed, then system test is done. At this stage the test is done on actual data. The complete

system is e'ecuted on the actual data. At each stage of the e'ecution, the results or output of

the system is analysed. uring the result analysis, it may be found that the outputs are notmatching the e'pected output of the system. In such case, the errors in the particular

programs are identified and are fi'ed and further tested for the e'pected output. All

independent modules be brought together and all the interfaces to be tested beteen multiple

modules, the hole set of softare is tested to establish that all modules ork together

correctly as an application or system or package.

;hen it is ensured that the system is running error&free, the users are called ith their on

actual data so that the system could be shon running as per their re)uirements

I"#)e"entati!n

After having the user acceptance of the ne system developed, the implementation phase

begins. Implementation is the stage of a project during hich theory is turned into practice.

The major steps involved in this phase are%

Ac)uisition and Installation of


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e'pensive activities in the system development life cycle. The data from the old system needs

to be converted to operate in the ne format of the ne system. The database needs to be

setup ith security and recovery procedures fully defined.

uring this phase, all the programs of the system are loaded onto the user’s computer. After

loading the system, training of the user starts.

After the users are trained about the

computerized system, orking has to shift from manual to computerized orking. The

process is called Chan*e!+er. This can be done either through direct changeover, parallel run

or pilot run.

The documentation of the system is also one of the most important activity in the system

development life cycle. This ensures the continuity of the system. 6enerally folloing to

types of documentations are prepared for any system.

User D!$"entati!n

The user documentation is a complete description of the system from the user’s point of vie

detailing ho to use or operate the system. It also includes the major error messages likely to

be encountered by the user.

S,ste" D!$"entati!n

The system documentation contains the details of system design, programs, their coding,

system flo, data dictionary, process description, etc. This helps to understand the system and

permit changes to be made in the e'isting system to satisfy ne user needs.

Maintenane

#aintenance is necessary to eliminate errors in the system during its orking life and to tune

the system to any variations in its orking environments. It must meet the scope of any future

enhancement, future functionality and any other added functional features to cope up ith the

latest future needs. It also means the revie of the system from time to time. The revie of

the system is done for%

knoing the full capabilities of the system

knoing the re)uired changes or the additional re)uirements

$tudying the performance.

The system should be cybernetic so that it is self&regulatory. "or instance in a bank if the

policy is not to give loans to people hose annual income is belo BCCC, then on its on its

suppose to reject all those ith an annual income of DDD and belo.

SECTION A

Q$esti!n fi+e


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Answer.

E(#)ain the ha))en*es 4ef!re an E4$siness "ana*e"ent.

All businesses ork differently, but the leaders in their respective fields all have one thing incommon & they must give their customers more than the competition does.

And although e&business is still relatively early in adoption rates, there are early successstories & amazon.com, e-ay, eToys and ell to name a fe. All these companies automatedtheir businesses (not just computerised them! and they provide good value to their customers.

This fundamental business principle as addressed early on in the development of their e& business. To do this, you need to consider si' fundamental challenges%

Become customer-centric.

Recognise the death of mass marketing.

Identifying the right tasks to automate.

Emulate the best practices of your top performers.

Get everyone to work together.

Adopt an integrated approach.

6e!"in* $st!"erentri

In order to develop an effective e&business strategy, a company must make the shift from being product&centric to becoming customer&centric. -y placing customer needs at the centreof every decision and tactic, the entire e&business strategy ill become more effective and

profitable for the company, by fostering an atmosphere of customer loyalty and long&termrelationships.

A company hich fails to become customer&centric ill make decisions that do not make iteasier for their customers to do business ith them & and the sad result ill be that theircustomers may ell turn around and do business ith one of their competitors. After all, all

they have to do is type in a ne 30= to get to a competitor2s ebsite.

The &eath !f "ass "ar7etin*

The age of mass marketing is coming to a close & long gone are the days of revisingcampaigns and strategies on an annual basis. 9ompanies need to act and react instantaneouslyin this ne frontier because they are effectively orking ith target markets of one. Today,the popular buzzords are 2one&to&one2 and 2speed2 marketing. This ne reality poses e'citingopportunities for today2s business, but it brings ith it the fear of operating in unknon

territory.I&entif,in* the ri*ht tas7s t! a$t!"ate


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An e&business strategy, combined ith a comprehensive e&business system can automate themajority of repetitive and manual tasks performed by sales and marketing personnel everyday. -ut take care to ensure that the processes and tasks you automate represent yourcompany2s best practices and reflect a truly customer&centric approach. If you automate a bad

process, you just end up doing the rong thing a lot faster.

E"$)atin* 4est #raties

To primary reasons for poor ;eb sales performance are incorrect prospect targeting andineffective sales support hile customers are trying to buy. To go beyond electroniccatalogues and help solve a customer2s problem, a ebsite must provide guidance and adviceto help customers define their problem or )uestion and evaluate potential solutions.Therefore, if your ebsite uses technologies to emulate the skills of your top salespeople, youill be more effective in generating revenue.

Gettin* e+er,!ne t! w!r7 t!*ether

;ho ons customer information? ;ho ons the ebsite? These are )uestions hich manycompanies are struggling ith, and you need to anser them to carry out an effective e&

business strategy. An e&business initiative typically involves participation and buy&in fromsales, marketing, customer support, accounting, #I$, and senior management. +veryone mustagree on the overall goals of the project, including the shift toards becoming a customer&centric organisation.

A&!#tin* an inte*rate& a##r!ah

4ne of the biggest challenges facing companies today is the temptation to isolateInternet7;eb marketing and ebsite initiatives (and also the hole e&business strategy! from

traditional, or off&line marketing strategies. To succeed, you must integrate your e&businessactivities ith other traditional sales and marketing activities, from telephone sales to printadvertising.

Other ha))en*es

he rapidly changing business environment has lead several companies to adopt

e-commerce. E-business brings about a lot of changes in the way !rms work. It

also throws up challenges that they have to meet in order to reap the bene!ts of

e-commerce. he various challenges to business include technological

challenges" legal and regulatory challenges" behavioural and educational

challenges" and other miscellaneous challenges. #arious issues pertaining to theimplementation of new technology include security issues" choice of Internet

payment instrument and its inter-operability" inter-operability of technology and

technological application" comparative buying capabilities" richness and depth of

information available over the internet" lack of reliable network infrastructure"

lack of e-commerce standards" deployment of public key infrastructure to enable

identity authentication" technical integration of new technology with e$isting

applications and high cost of bandwidth. %hallenges associated with legal and

regulatory framework include the di&culty in regulating and enforcing standards"

due to lack of consistent rules and policies' customs and ta$ation uncertainties

and government intervention.


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%hanges in attitudes of consumers result in behavioural challenges to

businesses. hese challenges include lack of trust of customers and their fear of

intrusion of privacy which makes them reluctant to involve in e-transactions. In

addition" the rampant frauds taking place over the Internet and lack of

awareness of customers about the availability of services poses a challenge to

businesses. (iscellaneous challenges such as channel con)ict" the problem of

attracting and retaining a critical mass of customers" and the need to improve

the order ful!lment process" are the other aspects that have become a cause of

worry to businesses.

*aving addressed these fundamental business issues" your business will then be

able to incorporate e-business readily and successfully into its e$isting

processes.

ASSIGNMENT B

Question One

What is an internet? Explain the diferences beteen internet! intranet

and extranet"

Anser"

he Internet

Internet is a global netork of interconnected computers, enabling users to share information

along multiple channels. Typically, a computer that connects to the Internet can access

information from a vast array of available servers and other computers by moving

information from them to the computer2s local memory. The same connection allos that

computer to send information to servers on the netork8 that information is in turn accessed

and potentially modified by a variety of other interconnected computers. A majority of idely

accessible information on the Internet consists of inter&linked hyperte't documents and other

resources of the ;orld ;ide ;eb (;;;!. 9omputer users typically manage sent and

received information ith eb brosers8 other softare for users2 interface ith computer

netorks includes specialized programs for electronic mail, online chat, file transfer and file

sharing.

The movement of information in the Internet is achieved via a system of interconnected

computer netorks that share data by packet sitching using the standardized Internet

*rotocol $uite (T9*7I*!. It is a 1netork of netorks1 that consists of millions of private and

public, academic, business, and government netorks of local to global scope that are linked

by copper ires, fiberoptic cables, ireless connections, and other technologies.

Differenes 4etween internet8 intranet an& e(tranet

Internet


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The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer netorks. It is not controlled by a

central entity and therefore relies on netork devices and accepted conventions and protocols

to relay the data traffic until it gets to its destinations. $ome countries have imposed rules to

censor or otherise control hat kind of content is accessible by its citizen (i.e. 9hina!.


19/23

S$""ar,

The Internet, e'tranets, and intranets all rely on the same T9*7I* technologies.


20/23

Explain the application o# MIS b$ ta%in& either 'aterials 'ana&e'ent

or production plannin& s$ste' in a 'anu#acturin& industr$ or ser(ice

or&ani)ation"

Anser"

*roduction *lannin& in Manu#acturin& Industr$

In the manufacturing industry, production planning is a very important thing to do so as to

increase profits and ma'imize ealth. The use of #I$ at various departments or stages of

manufacturing plays a vital role in production planning. $election of #anufacturing $oftare

*ackage integrating production, )uality, costing and financial information. #any alternatives

could be evaluated. This can be done in several ays as e'plained belo8

Enter#rise Res!$re 3)annin*

Implement an +nterprise 0esources *lanning +0* application hich is fundamentallyoperationally oriented. It covers #arketing #anagement, sales #anagement, =ogistics and

Inventory #anagement, *urchasing #anagement, #anufacturing #anagement, 9osting,

"inancial #anagement and


21/23

Answers.

Dis$ss-

B. The general conditions of the 9hain no and in the immediate future.

The general condition of the chain is good for no. This is demonstrated in the percentageincrease in sales of BFCG and addition of stores from H to over the last three years.


22/23

;eb&based *4$ gives you an opportunity to monitor and manage your business from home.

In addition to tracking sales, you can also update pricing and place orders. This ability means

that going on a business trip doesn2t create a temporary disconnect beteen you and your

employees. ;hether you2re in the cafe across the street, or halfay across the globe, you have

the e'act same information as if you ere in your office.

I"#r!+e& Sa)es

;eb&based *4$ softare allos sales associates to immediately access customer information

from other locations. They can use this information to )uickly make valuable inferences as to

hat a customer2s preferences might be, by looking at hat they2ve bought in the past. This

allos the associate to provide service that is tailored to each customer, and dramatically

increases their opportunities for both up&selling and cross&selling.

Re&$e& 3a#erw!r7

;ith a eb&based *4$ system, sales for all stores can be tracked in the same database,

meaning that each store is not re)uired to generate their on individual paperork in regards

to sales. As ell, since orders for multiple stores can be placed together, feer invoices are

generated, hich can help the accounting process operate more smoothly.

Q$i7 an& C!"#rehensi+e Re#!rtin*

As a result of the instantaneously updated inventory amounts, a eb&based *4$ system can

produce remarkably accurate reports, telling you by the eek, day, or hour ho your business

is doing. 4verall sales, profit after markup, sales attributed to each employee, and many morespecifications can all be monitored

Easier C$st!"er Mana*e"ent

Information regarding purchases a customer made at other stores is easily accessible ith a

eb&based *4$ system. This relieves headaches in regard to the return and e'change

processes, resulting in )uicker transactions and happier customers.

Faster8 Easier an& Chea#er Insta))ati!n

The cost is significantly less than you ould have paid for a traditional system. ;eb&based*4$ can run from virtually any computer ith an active Internet connection, a )uality hich

by itself saves thousands of dollars that you may have needed to have invested in ne

e)uipment.


23/23

SECTION C

M$)ti#)e Ch!ie

B 6 D 6 BJ D FK C HH

F D BC D B 6 FE 6 HLH C BB A BD C FJ D HK

L C BF 6 FC 6 F A HE

K 6 BH 6 FB A FD A HJ A

E 6 BL D FF 6 HC H D

J 6 BK C FH A HB HD A

C BE 6 FL D HF A LC C

HC. SYSTEMS INFRASTRUCTURE DE:E2O3MENT 2IFE CYC2E

HB. RE2ATIONS;I3 MANAGEMENT

HH. I6M an& ORAC2E

HL. TE

rev management information system

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