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Research Note 82-20

EVALUATION/REFINEIENT OF A DRAFT GUIDELINEFOR PREPARING INFANTRY BATTLE DRILLS

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J.M. Barron and T.L. AvantMc Fann-Gray & Associates, Inc.

ARI FIELD UNIT AT PRESIDIO OF MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA

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f~~iI APR 2 81983am- U.S. Army

Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences

February 1982

Approved for public relse; distribution unlimted.

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SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (1mm Da mteeld)READ INSTRUCTIONSREPORT DO MENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM

RPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG HUMBER

Research Note 82-20 - 1 n144. TITLE (mind Subda) S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

EVALUATION/REFINEMENT OF A DRAFT GUIDELINE FORPREPARING INFANTRY BATTLE DRILLS

6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUT.OR(,) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(a)

J.M. Barron and T.L. Avant MDA 903-79-C-0194

J S. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION MAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK

McFann-Gray & Associates, Inc.

2100 Garden Road--Suite J 2Q263743A794Monterey, California 93940

I. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 1i. REPORT DATE

Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and February 1982Social Sciences, 5001 Eisenhower Avenue, 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Alexandria, Virginia 22333S& MITORIN AGENCY MANE A ADORIESS(IWdlgft b. C.&mtlhj Offime) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of thl. 1p.0)

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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited

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W SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Research and development performed by McFann-Gray & Associates, Inc.,Presidio of Monterey, California under the technical monitoring ofDr. Jack Hiller, ARI Field Unit.

19. KEY WORDS (Centiaumm .verwe 8.* If amev m m Identd& 5, byeak mm6)

Battle Drills Guideline for Designing DrillsLight Infantry Drill Trainer's GuideMechanized InfantryDrill Training Packages

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As part of the overall project on the "Development of the Individual,- Extension Training System (IETS) through the Company/Battery Level: Field Test;'

an ARI in-house work unit developed a concept of integrating individual andcollective training for small units (e.g., rifle squad, fireteam). The essenceof this concept is to analyze the ARTEP missions to identify "chunks" or"slices'of battle. Each of these "slices" or segments would be the basis forconducting specific training in the form of drills. A specific product

D FOM 7 3 M192 o I Nov IaneaLETE Unclassified

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (OMw DOt Rntr0

UnclassifiedS[CURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(*bhi DMa Nem

item #20- continued

- of the ARI in-house research effort was the development of a Guidelinesfor Designing Drill Training Packages (Hiller, Hardy, and Meliza, inpreparation) which provides directions on how to develop drills. This reportdescribes a process used to evaluate/critique the guideline. It offersobservations on and recommended revisions to the January 1982 draft.

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Research Note 82-20

EVALUATION/REFINEMENT OF A DRAFT GUIDELINEFOR PREPARING INFANTRY BATTLE DRILLS

J.M. Barron and T.L. AvantMcFann-Gray & Associates, Inc.

Submitted by:James A. Thomas, Chief

ARI FIELD UNIT AT PRESIDIO OF MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA

Approved by:Harold F. O'Neil, Jr., DirectorSYSTEMS RESEARCH LABORATORY

*4

#4

U.S. ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES5001 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, Virginia 22333

Office, Deputy Chief of Staff for PersonnelDepartment of the Army

February 1982

Army Project Number2Q263743A794 Education and Training

Approad foer p kitmm dhulbutlon unlinidd.

iii

Barron, J.M., and Avant, T.L.

Evaluation of a Draft Guideline for Preparing Infantry Battle Drills

Requirements

This report describes the procedures followed in evaluating and refining a

draft guideline for preparing battle drills. It makes specific

observations/recommendations on a January 1982 ARI draft Guideline for

Designing Drill Training Packages (Jack H. Hiller, G. David Hardy, and Larry L.

Meliza).

Procedure and Findings

The evaluation was conducted in three general phases:

. Initial development phase

• Follow-on draft testing phase

I General critique phase

Sample drill products of the first two phases are included as appendices to

the report.

The general critique concurs in the logical development of the guideline. It

does offer some specific recommendations to reduce redundancies and improve

the conceptual presentation of the guideline. These recommended revisions

appear in Appendix D.

Utilization of Findings

The guideline is to be used by the Army Training Board (ATB) in the

directives to be issued for establishing the development of Drill Training

Packages (DTPs) within the Army.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION PAGE

BACKGROUND

METHODOLOGY

WORKING PROCEDURES 4

A. Initial Development Phase 4

B. Follow-on Draft Testing Phase 4

C. General Critique Phase 5-.

INITIAL DEVELOPMENT PHASE 5

FOLLOW-ON DRAFT TESTING PHASE 9

A. Drill Definition 10

B. Drill Task Objective Development 15

C. Drill Training Guide Development IS

D. Roadmap Development 15

GENERAL CRITIQUE PHASE 16

OBSERVATIONS 21

APPENDICES:

A. SAMPLE TRAINING OBJECTIVES (LIGHT INFANTRY)

B. SAMPLE TRAINING OBJECTIVES (MECHANIZED INFANTRY)

C. SAMPLE TRAINING GUIDES (MECHANIZED INFANTRY)

D. CRITIQUE STATEMENTS

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PAGE

I TASK 3 WORKING PROCESS 3

2 AUDIT TRAIL WORKSHEET 6

3 PROBLEM LOG 8

4 ACTIVITY CLASSIFICATION GROUPINGS I I

5 DRILL SELECTION CRITERIA 12

6 DRILL COMPLEXITY LEVEL 16

7 DRILL ROADMAP SQUAD REACTIVE SEQUENCES 17

8 DRILL ROADMAP SQUAD INITIATING SEQUENCES 18

9 DRILL ROADMAP PLATOON REACTIVE SEQUENCES 19

10 DRILL ROADMAP PLATOON INITIATING SEQUENCES 20

LIST OF TABLES4.+

-S

"- TABLE PAGE

I CANDIDATE DRILLS 13

2 CANDIDATE SQUAD DRILLS FOR MECHANIZEDINFANTRY SQUADS (REVISED) 14

3. CRITIQUE INDEX 24

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BACKGROUND

Cutbacks in TRADOC resources for resident institutional training have. placed a heavy individual-soldier-training load on units. Units traditionally have

* concentrated on collective training which builds on those individual skills

imparted at the schools and training centers. Furthermore, the collective-

training load has itself effectively grown through adoption of the relatively

unstructured Army Training and Evaluation Program (ARTEP), with its many

mission- and task-training requirements, in place of the highly structured step-by-step Army training programs. And all the while, the time available toprepare for and conduct training in units has effectively shrunk because of: lowability of soldiers to learn; low NCO and junior-officer fill; inexperienced

trainers; the high turnover/turbulence of training managers, trainers, and

trainees; and the need to perform garrison chores formerly performed bycivilians. In sum, unit leaders grapple daily with practical problems so criticalthat training, and thus combat readiness, is directly affected.

As part of the overall project on the "Development of the IndividualExtension Training System (lETS) Through the Company/Battery Level: FieldTest," an AR! in-house work unit developed a concept of integrating individualand collective training for small units (e.g., rifle squad, fireteam) (see Meliza,

L., Hardy, G.D., and Hiller, J.H., Development of an Integrated Individual andCollective Training System, in preparation, 1982). The essence of this concept isto analyze the ARTEP missions to identify "chunks" or "slices" of battle. Eachof these "slices" or segments would be the basis for conducting specific trainingin the form of drills. This training would involve demonstrated proficiency ofthe personnel involved on all individual and collective skills required for the

*: performance of each drill segment. A specific product of the ARI In-house

research effort was the development of a Guideline for Designing Drill TrainingPackages which provides directions on how to analyze ARTEP missions to

identify meaningful "Drills" and provides guidance for the preparation ofassociated training materials to be used by trainers and training managers. Thework effort discussed in this report provided a process for theevaluation/refinement of the draft guideline for preparing infantry battle drills.

This report provides a summary of the various working phases of the project andsome overall observations/recommendations concerning the final ARI draft

Guideline

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for Designing Drill Training Packages dated January 1982.

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METHODOLOGY

As noted, the purpose of this effort was to provide constructive feedbackduring the development of the draft guideline based on its direct trial implemen-tation by project staff. Where required in this review process, it was assumed,

for specificity, that the guideline was being employed by infantry trainers (lightand mechanized) although a broader user group was also envisioned by the reviewteam. This working process, in effect, provided a practical test environment toexamine the adequacy of the various parts of the guidance to explicitly convey

their intended meaning.

In practice, this procedure led to a sequence of implementation-feedbackloops. The effort to critique the guideline included three working phases asillustrated in Figure I. Each of these working phases will be described in moredetail below.I The working products produced in the first two phases included:

" Listings of selected ARTEP training tasks;

. development of a candidate list of drills;

"" development of training objectives; and

. development of trainina material.

Five to six project staff members were involved in the developmentactivities of each phase. This provided valuable internal staff dialogue duringthe test product development. It also provided a good sample base for evaluating

the guideline as a vehicle for communicating the drill development procedures.

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WORKING PROCEDURES

The development of the Guideline itself took a period of several months,the completed draft being delivered in January 1982. During its preparation,various partial drafts were used as the basis for a continuing interstaffcritique/dialogue between ARI and MGA. As mentioned earlier, this on-goingdialogue could be characterized by three general working phases which spannedthe contract period.

A. Initial Development Phase

This initial stage focused on the interrelationships and roles of the variouskey training documents (ARTEP/Soldier Manuals/Technical publications, etc.) in

the formulation and support of the Battle Drill concept. It also provided theproject staff the opportunity to apply the guidance contained in an initial draft

guideline to the development of a series of Battle Drill Task Objectives for thelight infantry. ARTEP 7-15 was the primary source document with Draft ARTEP71-2 as backup material. This provided a rich opportunity to raise importantdefinitional questions with ARI staff members.

B. Follow-on Draft Testing Phase

This phase began with receipt by the project staff of a redraft of theGuidelines in July 1981. In this case, ARTEP 71-2 became the principal sourcedocument and drill development testing was focused on the mechanized infantrysquad/platoon. Procedures similar to Phase I were followed with five projectstaff members producing working drafts of several Drill Training Objectives.These were again critiqued by ARI and resulted in an interstaff working dialogue.During this phase, the MGA project leader with ARI staff members visited theTRADOC Army Training Board, Fort Monroe, and the Infantry School at Fort

*i Benning.

C. General Critique Phase

This phase constituted the later stages of the project, up to and includingthis final report. The objective in this phase was to offer constructive

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comments/recommendations on improving the overall Guideline as a functionaltool/vehicle for the development of drills by developers within all of the Combat

Arms of the U.S. Army.

Each of these phases will be addressed separately in the following sections.,,.*t.'

INITIAL DEVELOPMENT PHASE

Initial work on the project included extensive dialogue between the MGA

project leader and the ARI staff team working on the development of the

Guideline document in order to build an adequate MGA staff library. In late

April 1981, a working draft of Alternative 2 of the Guideline for Designing

Battle Drill Training Packages was received by MGA. This guideline was

intended to be used with ARTEP 7-15, with Draft ARTEP 71-2 as a backup

document. During this phase, drill development was focused on Light Infantry

Squad/Platoon.

Initial orientation of the MGA professional staff began with briefings/

discussions on:

0 Organization and use of ARTEP 7-15;

* organization and use of Soldiers Manuals FM-I IBI, 2 and 3;

* organization and use of FM 7-8; and

" the first three steps of the Guideline.

Five project staff members (exclusive of the project leader) were each

assigned one or two ARTEP missions to analyze independently, using the initial

guideline's Audit Trail Worksheet, Figure 2. Two operational definitions were

agreed to:

* "Conditions" were defined as cueing or context/constraint

items; and

- "Standards" were defined as steps/task and performance cri-S teria for the drill.

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Questions, problems, or discrepancies were recorded on a Problem/Solution

form, Figure 3.

After each mission had been individually analyzed, the group reconvenedand built a joint, first-cut Mission/Task/Condition/Standard matrix of theirresults. From this list, a set of Potential Battle Drills were agreed on byconcensus as meeting drill criteria. These included the following infantry drill

scenarios:

0 Movement techniques

0 Crossing a danger area. Reaction to enemy contact-return fire

. Reaction to enemy contact-fight through

. Reaction to enemy contact-break contact* Hasty ambush

- Support assault as overwatch element. Reorganization after assault

- Prepare ambush site

* Conduct ambush* Passage of lines

0 Search objective area* Establish and reassemble at objective rally point (ORP)

* Squad occupies definitive position in a building.

Five project staff members were assigned a set of these potential drills to

develop into Battle Drill Task Objectives (see Appendix A). These objectiveswere then critiqued by the ARI staff. Following this, joint working-staff

meetings were held to discuss specific recommendations concerning the draftguideline.

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PROBLEM LOG

9; FOR

GUIDELINE FOR DESIGNING BATTLE DRILL TRAINING PACKAGES

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PROBLEM SOLUTION

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i FIGURE 3: PROBLEM LOG

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A summary of the main problems encountered by the MGA staff during the

initial phase included:

0 What level of specificity is desired within a drill?

, What is an operational definition of a "slice of battle"?

; How many soldiers in a squad should be involved in a drill?

Should standards for each be addressed?

* What level of redundancy of actions is acceptable across Battle

Drills? How is it determined?

" What constitutes too many actions in a drill?

The results of the insights and problems encountered during this phase were

noted by the ARI staff. The next version of the guideline became the basis for

additional testing and dialogue for the next phase of guideline development.

FOLLOW-ON DRAFT TESTING PHASE

This phase began in the July time frame with receipt of a revised draft of

the ARI staff guideline. It was agreed to test this draft guideline in a

mechanized infantry drill environment. Also, ARTEP 71-2 would be used as the

source for Mission/Task definition. Internal briefings/lectures were held to

familiarize the MGA professional staff with all aspects of mechanized infantry

training materials. Each staff member was provided a library of source

documents. Based on the experience gained during the first phase, it was

decided to structure this phase into four separate steps to enhance the critique

and dialogue:

0 Drill definition;

. drill Task Objective development;

" drill Training Guide development; and

0 roodmap development.

-9-* .".

A. Drill Definition

S"Following the orientation period, each of the five project staff members•. was assigned a mission area from ARTEP 71-2 for individual analysis.

Anticipating the need for an integrated activity (scenario) classification,each member of the group was asked to include all task/standards of the assignedmission in the format shown in Figure 4. An integrated Activity Classificationmatrix was formed. From this, an initial list of potential drills was formed withthe requirement for at least one potential drill from each activity classification.Following this, the initial list was filtered using the drill selection criteria shown

in Figure 5.r.-.

Based on this procedure, an initial list of candidate drills was developed asshown in Table I. This list then became the basis for inter ARI-MGA staff

dialogue.

Following a series of discussions between MGA and ARI staff, a list ofcandidate drills was agreed to as the basis for step 2, Drill Task Objectivedevelopment, as shown in Table 2. This list was also used as a feedback

structure for discussions with ATB at Fort Monroe and the Infantry School atFort Benning on a joint MGA/ARI staff visit.

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MISSION ARTEP 71-2

ACTIVITY TASK/STANDARDS

CLASSIFICATION SQUAD PLATOON

:',

Preparation

Movement/,.4 Deployment

-", Engagement(InitiatingActivities)

Engagement(ReactiveActivities)

Regrouping

FIGURE 4: ACTIVITY CLASSIFICATION GROUPINGS

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CANDIDATE DRILLS

SELECTION CRITERIA I. 2. 3.

Battle Related?

All MembersInvolved?

Involve PhysicalMovements?

Is It ObservablePerformance?

At AppropriateSkill Level?

Does It HaveLogical Begin/End?

Drill Completed*15-30 Minutes?

Non-Hazardous?

Non-Redundant?(With Other Drills)

NET EVALUATION

FIGURE 5: DRILL SELECTION CRITERIA

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TABLE I: CANDIDATE DRILLS

I. COMBAT LOAD FOR ASSAULT (NBC ENVIRONMENT)

"*" 2. MOVE IN TRAVELING OVERWATCH (MOUNTED)

3. MOVE IN BOUNDING OVERWATCH

MOUNTEDDISMOUNTED

4. TAKE ACTION ON CONTACT-BRDM/ATGM

MOUNTED (IN ATTACK)DISMOUNTED (IN OVERWATCH DURING MOVEMENT)

5. CONDUCT FIRE AND MANEUVER

6. CONDUCT ASSAULT:

MOUNTED (WITH TANKS)(WITHOUT TANKS)

DISMOUNTED (WITH TANKS)(WITHOUT TANKS)

7. CONDUCT ANTI-ARMOR AMBUSH

8. REACT TO INDIRECT FIRE

MOUNTEDDISMOUNTED

9. DISMOUNT (UNDER FIRE)

10. PREPARE/OCCUPY HASTY BATTLE POSITION

1I. REMOUNT/DISENGAGE

12. EMPLACE AT/AP MINES

13. CONSOLIDATE/REORGANIZE

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TABLE 2: CANDIDATE SQUAD DRILLS FOR MECHANIZED INFANTRY SQUADS (REVISED)

I. SQUAD MOVES DISMOUNTED

a. TRAVELING OVERWATCHb. BOUNDING OVERWATCHc. URBAN AREA

2. SQUAD REACTS TO INDIRECT FIRE, DISMOUNTED

3. CARRIER TEAM MANEUVERS

a. REACTS TO CONTACT - ATGMb. PREPARES TO SUPPORT BY FIREc. MOVES TO ALTERNATE POSITION

4. SQUAD REACTS TO CONTACT

a. DISMOUNTEDb. MOUNTED

5. SQUAD OCCUPIES HASTY BATTLE POSITION, DISMOUNTED WITHCARRIER

6. MANEUVER TEAM DISMOUNTS UNDER FIRE

7. SQUAD EMPLOYS DIRECT FIRE (CONCENTRATES/DISTRIBUTESFIRE)

8. SQUAD PROVIDES COVERING FIRE

9. SQUAD EXECUTES FIRE AND MANEUVER

10. SQUAD DISENGAGES

a. REMOUNTSb. EXTRACTS MANEUVER TEAM

II. SQUAD ASSAULTS DISMOUNTED AND CONSOLIDATES/REORGANIZES (WITH CARRIER)

* 12. SQUAD FIGHTS IN RESTRICTIVE AREAS

a. CLEARS A TRENCHLINEb. CLEARS A ROOM/BUILDINGc. OCCUPIES HASTY DEFENSE POSITION (URBAN AREA)

13. SQUAD CONDUCTS ANTIARMOR AMBUSH

a. OCCUPIES AMBUSH POSITIONb. EXECUTES AMBUSH/DISENGAGES

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B. Drill Task Objective Development

Each of the project staff members was assigned one or more drills in orderto develop, in accordance with the latest draft guideline, a Drill Task Objectivedocument. This provided for more inter-MGA staff exchanges during theircollective development. Again, the draft Task Objectives were critiqued anddiscussed with ARI staff. A sample of six of the Task Objectives associated withthe following drills are presented in Appendix B.

I. Squad Moves in Mounted Traveling Overwatch

2. Squad Occupies Hasty Battle Position, Dismounted with Carrier

3. Squad Executes Fire and Maneuver

4. Carrier Team Assaults Mounted

5. Squad Disengages--Remounts

6. Squad Conducts Antiarmor Ambush: Executes Ambush/Disengages

C. Drill Training Guide Development

Drill Training Guides were developed using the guideline. In general, thisstep involved less judgment calls and was more procedural in nature. It did,however, require a sound working knowledge of background training materialsused by the soldiers. Six of the Training Guides pertaining to the six drills listedabove are presented in Appendix C.

D. Roadmap Development

An important concept in drill development is the notion that drills should

logically fit together in a pattern of ascending complexity levels as concep-4 tualized in Figure 6.

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3 8 9

COMPLEXITY'•. .2 5 6 7 -

h LEVELS2 3 4

Fl•

DRILLS

FIGURE 6: DRILL COMPLEXITY LEVEL

aIn general, lower-level drills should:

0 Involve less time

" Be accomplished prior to proceeding to the next level (ifrelevant to that drill)

They can also serve as a completeness and/or redundancy check in the drill

definition stage. A series of roadmaps covering squad and platoon drills weresubmitted to the ARI staff for discussion/critique purposes as shown in Figures 7

through 10.

; An additional benefit of the roadmops is their ready conversion to aworking management guide/record for the field trainer.

F GENERAL CRITIQUE PHASE

This phase began with receipt of a partial draft of the final ARI guidelinein December 1981. It continued up to the writing of this report.

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CANDIDATE MECHANIZED INFANTRY SQUAD DRILL ROADMAPS

CARRIER TEAM MANEUVERS:MOVES TO ALTERNATE POSITION

CARRIER TEAM SQUAD DISENGAGES:MANEUVERS: QA IEGGS QA IEGGSPREPARES TO RQUAD DISENGAGES: EXTRACTS MANEUVER

SUPPORT BY FIRE TEAM

SQUAD EMPLOYS DIRECT FIRE

CARRIER TEAM MANEUVERS: SQUAD OCCUPIES BATTLECRER TE A MAUR POSITION/DISMOUNTEDREACTS TO CONTACT-ATGM WITH CARRIER

MANEUVER TEAM SQUAD REACTS TODISMOUNTS UNDER FIRE INDIRECT FIRE

" SQUAD MOVES SQUAD MOVES SQUAD MOVES: DISMOUNTED DISMOUNTED DISMOUNTED

TRAVELING BOUNDING URBANOVERWATCH OVERWATCH AREA

FIGURE 7: DRILL ROADMAP SQUAD REACTIVE SEQUENCES

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CANDIDATE MECHANIZED INFANTRY PLATOON DRILL ROADMAPS

PLATOON DISENGAGESMOVES TO

ALTERNATE POSITION

PLATOON EMPLOYSDIRECT FIRE

(LIVE)

PLATOON OCCUPIESHASTY DEFENSE

POSITION

PLATOON MOVES PLATOON MOVES PLATOON MOVESMOUNTED MOUNTED MOUNTED

TRAVELING BOUNDING URBANOVERWATCH OVERWATCH AREA

FIGURE 9: DRILL ROADMAP PLATOON REACTIVE SEQUENCES

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Each of the project staff members who were active in the first two phasesof the project participated in this final critique. Additionally, a project staff

member having significant infantry experience and not involved in the previousphases, contributed to the overall critique. This latter staff review was

* ." considered useful to temper any inadvertent biases generated over an extended!- working period.

The main aim of this phase was directed at providing a guideline of

practical use to managers in their working environment. It was also meant to

support the concept of drill training as a most direct and useful method for

improving the quality of Combat Arms Training in the U.S. Army. It is the

concensus of the MGA staff that the research approach taken by the ARI staff in

the development of a drill guideline can result in a training tool lending

significant leverage to unit trainers. The Observations/Recommendations that

* - follow are offered with the foregoing points in mind.

OBSERVATIONS

Observation I

S The main body of the guideline document is too wordy and/or redundant.

Discussion:

This is a cause/effect relationship. The danger here is that a good and

powerful concept may appear unnecessarily complex to the audience it was

intended to help.

Observation 2

* Too much effort is devoted to explaining a concept that in itself has

immediate and ricl ,contextual meaning in the user environment.

*,-21-

* .-

Discussion:

More advantage should be taken of the strong heuristic meaning that the

concept "drill" has in the soldier's environment. In a sense, it can almost

be accepted as a given concept and go lightly on micro-exposition.

Clearly, however, there is need to constructively channel the developer's

- creativity to bound practically the number of drills. More on this below.

Observation 3

0 More use should be made of diagrams and concept sketches to reach the

-.user.

Discussion:

This is related to the observations previously made. While the guideline

document follows a good logic train, it over emphasizes language as the

communicative vehicle. Within this particular user environment, a picture

(diagram/concept sketch) may be worth many thousands of words.

Observation 4

* Some aids to bounding the limits on scenario development/selection are

needed along with a simpler conceptual presentation of the relationship of

individual skills to ARTEP missions.

Discussion:

By far, one of the most difficult tasks the review group encountered

involved decisions on the list of drills. On one extreme you can have a drill

for micro-evolutions while on the other too few can cover up real

opportunites for bite-sized "slices of battle." Some complete character-

ization of the entire bottle related scenario domain could be useful. In

particular, one such scenario activity classification that was useful to the

- group included the following compartmentalizing of the potential battle

environment:

* -22-

. Battle preparation

. Movement/Deployment

0 Engagement (Initiating)

* Engagement (Reactive)

. Regrouping

RECOMMENDATIONS

That the guideline be reformatted to have the chapters revised having

much of the detailed material going to Appendices. This reader-sensitive

approach to the front end of the document could capitalize on diagrams

and an abbreviated written format. The Critique Index shown in Table 3

(amplified in Appendix D) indicates recommended revisions.

2. That a "Managers Working Guides" chapter (Chapter 5) be added as

presented in Appendix D.

3. That a mini field-test phase be included in the process of Drill Training

Package (DTP) development as a step prior to package publication.

_.2

b-23-

* .o

. -

TABLE 3: CRITIQUE INDEX

Index Code Paes ras LiesRmrk(Chap/App-Nos.)Paes Paas Lie)Rmrs

1 5 2 5 Add Table (1-1) Contents of DrillTraining Package (DTP). Insertreference statement.

1 2 5 3 6 Add Figure (1-1) Guideline Over-view. Insert reference state-ment.

2 - 1 8 1 6 Change title Column 4 of AuditTrail Worksheet.

2 -2 8- lB all all Revise/condense the descriptionof Step I.

2 -3 19 2 6 Subsititute "Related Tasks" for"Correlation."

2 -4 20 2 7 Add Figure (2-I): Drill SelectionCriteria.

2 -5 29 2 1 Insert statement following Step2 that Audit Trail Worksheetcomplete.

2 - 6 2 1-24 3-all1 3-all Put detailed explanation inAppendix B.

2 - 7 26-32 2-all 2-all Reword Step 4 and put detailedexplanation in Appendix B.

3 - 1 34 1 7 Add explanatory paragraph priorto describing procedures.

3 -2 34-42 2-all I-all Rewrite Step I to show DrillTrainer's Guide format only. Putdetailed discussion in AppendixC.

4 - 1 47-50 3-all I-all Details to Appendix E.

5- 1 new Add Chapter 5: Drill Manager'sWorking Guides.

B-I 20-32 all all Add to Appendix B.

C-I 34-42 all all Add to Appendix C.

*.E-l 47-50 all all Add to Appendix E.

* -24-

- .-* -.

p ".°~

APPENDIX A

SAMPLE TRAINING OBJECTIVES

(LIGHT INFANTRY)

Movement Techniques

Crossing A Danger Area

Reaction to Enemy Contact: Break Contact

Reaction to Enemy Contact: Return Fire

Reaction to Enemy Contact: Fight Through

Squad Occupies Defensive Positions in a Building

Support Assault as Overwatch Element

Reorganization After Assault

Passage of Lines

Search Objective Area

Establish and Reassemble at Objective Rally Point (ORP)

Prepare/Occupy Ambush Site

Conduct Ambush

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APPENDIX B

SAMPLE TRAINING OBJECTIVES(MECHANIZED INFANTRY)

Squad Moves in Mounted Traveling Overwatch

Squad Occupies Hasty Battle Position, Dismounted with Carrier

Squad Executes Fire and Maneuver

Carrier Team Assaults Mounted

Squad Disengages - Remounts

Squad Conducts Antiarmor Ambush: Executes Ambush/Disengages

B-1

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APPENDIX C

SAMPLE TRAINER'S GUIDE

(MECHANIZED INFANTRY)

Squad Moves in Mounted Traveling Overwatch

Squad Occupies Hasty Battle Position, Dismounted with Carrier

Squad Executes Fire and Maneuver

Carrier Team Assaults Mounted

Squad Remounts/Disengages

Squad Executes Antiarmor Ambush

:-C-1

, °

i c..

TRAINER'S GUIDE

SQUAD MOVES IN MOUNTED TRAVELING OVERWATCHU

RESPONSIBILITIES

a. Trainers: Squad Leader; Platoon Leader/Platoon Sergeant.

b. Evaluators: Platoon Leader/Platoon Sergeant; Company Commander.

2. TRAINING OBJECTIVE

-.. a. Task: Squad moves using traveling overwatch technique (mounted).

b. Conditions:

(1) Friendly: Squad's platoon is part of a large force moving togain key terrain. Squad will provide overwatch on lead squad.

(2) Enemy: Contact with enemy is possible.

(3) Other: Speed is desirable.

c. Standards:

(I) Squad leader's FRAGO specifies route and distance to betraveled.

(2) Crew member maintains visual watch on lead element andrelays signals as required.

(3) Carrier team members provide all around security, including air

watch.

(4) Carrier driver maintains appropriate column interval (50-100m).

(5) Carrier driver makes maximum use of terrain driving:

* Uses all available cover and concealment.

* Avoids skylining carrier as target.

- Does not move directly forward from a defilade firing* J position but backs out of position and uses alternate

.route.

- Halts in covered, concealed overwatch positions as neces-sary.

(6) Carrier team orients its principal weapons on and observespossible OPFOR positions along the lead elements route.

3. TRAINER/EVALUATOR PREPARATION

WC-2

a. Leader Soldier's Manual Tasks:

(I) Implement infantry squad movement technique when not incontact with the enemy, FM 7-1IB3, page 2-VIII-C-3-1.

(2) Use visual signals to control movement (mounted), FM 7-1 1B3,

page 2-VII-E-6. I.

b. Resources:

(I) 2 carriers or I carrier and I other vehicle.

(2) Map of training area.

(3) Location: Field (see Set-up Directions below).

c. Background Materials:

(I) Prior Drill Task:

(a) Squad employs direct fire.

(2) ARTEP mission/tasks that the Drill Task supports:

(a) Move/maintain local security (3-11-1-4); conduct tacticalmovement (3-111-1-6); conduct NBC defense operations (3-111-1-2); move in traveling overwatch (3-111-I-8).

(b) Attack/Move (3-111-2- I).

(c) Defend/Move (3-111-3-I).

(3) References:

(a) FM 7-7, The Mechanized Infantry Platoon and Squad.

(b) TC-7-1, The Rifle Squads (Mechanized and Light Infan-try).

(c) FM 21-60 Visual Signals.

4. MANDATORY SQUAD MEMBER SOLDIER'S MANUAL TASKPREPARATION

a. Tasks to be trained before training on this drill:

(I) Control rate and distribution of fire, FM 7-1IBI/2, page 2-VII-A-I.I.

b. Tasks to be trained during Drill if necessary: None.

5. DRILL PREPARATION

C-3

'" - 2 ' . .'

a. Summary of Training Objective: Tell the squad the training objectivein your own words. Use the following task, conditions, and standardsstatements as a guide.

(I) Task: "You will be learning how to move using the travelingoverwatch technique."

(2) Conditions: "Our squad is moving in a platoon movement and isproviding overwatch on the lead squad located about 100-400meters ahead of the platoon. Contact with the enemy ispossible and speed is desirable."

(3) Standards: "I will tell you the route and distance to betraveled. Carrier team members will be assigned securitysectors. Visual signals will be used between carriers. Thecarrier driver will maintain visual contact with the lead squadto ensure we can provide cover fire on the lead element. Thedriver will make maximum use of good terrain driving prac-tices. Members manning weapons will be on the alert tosuppress likely enemy positions along the route."

b. Orientation: Tell the squad in your own words why this task isimportant. Use the following as a guide for doing this:

"The traveling overwatch is the method of unit movement whenenemy contact is possible, but not expected. Caution makes sensebut speed is important. This technique gives the platoon more timeand distance in which to react if the lead element is unexpectedly runinto enemy fire. The interval on the lead element is 100-400 meters.Each squad maintains visual contact with the squad in front andrear."

6. PRETEST

7. PRESENTATION

a. Optional Demonstration:

(I) If a nearby squad has successfully performed the task, have thissquad demonstrate the Drill Task.

(2) Explain what they are doing and why as they demonstrate. Usethe standards as a guide.

(3) Summarize what the demonstrating squad did.

b. Set-up Directions:

(I) Training Site: Provides 400 meter x 3 km platoon-sizedmaneuver space. Sufficient relief features to provide cover/concealment for potential OPFOR elements.

(2) OPFOR: An OPFOR is not required for this Drill.

C-4

(3) Unit: Squad being drilled will provide overwatch for anothermounted squad. This lead squad can be simulated using anothertype vehicle other than an APC. Weapon positions will beassigned by squad leader.

C. Walk through.

C- 5

TRAINER'S GUIDE

SQUAD OCCUPIES HASTY BATTLE POSITION, DISMOUNTED WITH CARRIER

RESPONSIBILITIES

a. Trainers: Squad Leader, Platoon Leader/Platoon Sergeant.

b. Evaluators: Platoon Leader/Platoon Sergeant, Company Commander.

2. TRAINING OBJECTIVES

a. Task: Squad Occupies A Hasty Battle Position.

b. Conditions:

(I) Friendly: Squad has been assigned a battle position within theplatoon defensive area along an expected OPFOR axis ofadvance.

(2) Enemy: An OPFOR motorized rifle battalion is known to beoperating to the squad's front. OPFOR is expected to launch anattack.

c. Standards:

(I) The carrier moves into the battle position from the rear into ahull-down position that covers the squad's defensive area.

(2) When asked, the carrier team can physically point out alternatefiring positions and covered, concealed routes to the alternatefiring positions within one minute of arrival in the primaryfighting positions.

(3) The maneuver team dismounts and:

I Uses available natural terrain objects for frontal protec-tion.

0 Establishes an OP/LP with land line communication tocarrier team.

* * Positions machineguns and dragons in hasty, concealedpositions. Machineguns are mounted on tripods with theT&E mechanisms, and positioned to bring flanking orenfilade fire on the kill zone. Dragons are positioned toengage the enemy at maximum range possible.

J * Riflemen are positioned to protect machineguns andcarrier.

C-6

- Grenadiers are placed so they will be able to cover deadL -. spaces.

0 Machineguns are laid on FPL/PDF assigned by squadleader.

0 Maneuver team leaders select and mark sectors of fire foreach squad member to ensure interlocking fires.

. Squad alters positions as directed by squad leader so thatsectors of fire provide for the best use of weapons andminimize chances of detection by the OPFOR.

. Squad members maintain continuous observation of thesquad sector.



(I) Supervise the preparation of a squad defensive position, FM 7-1I1B3, page 2-VII-D-I.I.

Additional training sources:

(a) FM 7-7, The Mechanized Infantry Platoon and Squad

(b) TEC Lesson 010-071-1044-F, Hasty Fighting Positions.

(2) Establish an observation post (OP), FM 7-111B3, page 2-VII-D-2.1.


(a) FM 21-75, Combat Skills of the Soldier

(b) TEC Lesson 010-071-1069-F, Establish an ObservationPost (OP).

(3) Designate primary fighting positions for squad members (lesscrew-served weapons), FM 7-l B3, page 2-VII-D-3. I.


(a) FM 7-7, The Mechanized Infantry Platoon and Squad(Chapter 5).

(b) TEC Lesson 010-071-1068-F, Designate Primary FightingPositions for Squad Members Less Key Weapons.

C-7

(4) Designate alternate and supplementary positions for squad

members, FM 7-1I B3, page 2-VII-D-4. I.



(b) TEC Lesson 010-071-1070-F, Designate Alternate andSupplemental Positions for Squad Members.

(5) Prepare a squad defensive sector sketch, FM 7-1 I B3, page 2-VIl-D-5.I.



(b) TEC Lesson 010-071-107 1-F, Prepare a Squad DefensiveSector Sketch.

(c) TEC Lesson 010-071-1072-F, Supervise Preparation ofSquad Defensive Position.

(6) Direct squad fires in the defensive, FM 7-11B3, page 2-VII-D-6.1.


(a) FM 7-7, The Mechanized Infantry Platoon/Squad.

(b) FM 23-12, Technique of Fire on the Rifle Squad andTactical Application (Chapter 4).

" - (c) TEC Lesson 010-071-1073-F, Direct Squad Fires in theDefense.

' b. Resources:

(I) M60 Mc-hinegun

. (2) Dragon

(3) LAWS

(4) TA-I/PT - Telephone set

(5) Location: Field (see Set-up Directions below for details)

- c. Background Materials:

(I) Prior Drills: None.

C-8

- - *- 4-o

(2) ARTEP Mission/tasks that the drill task supports:

(a) Squad Defend/Occupy fighting positions (3-111-3-2); Pre-pare fighting positions (3-111-3-3).

(b) Move/Provide overwatch (3-111- 1- 10).

(3) References:


(b) FM 23-12, Technique of Fire on the Rifle Squad andTactical Applications.

(c) FM 24-18, Field Radio Techniques.

(d) TC 7-1, The Rifle Squads (Mechanized and Light Infantry).

4. MANDATORY SQUAD MEMBER SOLDIER'S MANUAL TASKS

a. Tasks to be trained before training on this Drill: None

b. Tasks to be trained during Drill training, if necessary:

(I) Select temporary battlefield positions, FM 7-1IBl/2, page 2-11-A-7. 1.


(a) FM 21-75, Combat Skills of the Soldier.

(b) TEC Lesson 010-07 1-1044-F, Hasty Fighting Positions.

(c) TC 7-I, The Rifle Squads (Mechanized. and Light Infantry).

(2) Construct individual fighting positions FM-I IB 1/2, page 2-11-A-.-i 8.1I.


(a) FM 7-7, The Mechanized Infantry Platoon and Squad(Appendix C).

(b) TEC Lesson 010-071-1045-F, Constructing FightingPositions, Part I.

(c) TEC Lesson 010-071-1046-F, Constructing FightingPositions, Part II.

(3) Supervise/evaluate construction of a fighting position, FM 7-I IB I/2, page 2-11-A-13.1.


6C-9

- - -- .-. 7

(a) TEC Lesson 010-071-1072-F, Supervise Preparation ofSquad Defensive Position.


a. Summary of Training Objective: Tell the squad the training objectivein your own words. Use the following task, conditions, and standardsstatement as a guide.

(I) Task: "You will be learning how to prepare and occupy a hastybattle position."

(2) Conditions: "The squad has been assigned a battle positionwithin a platoon defensive area along an expected OPFOR axisof advan(e."

(3) Standards: "In preparing a fighting position, three basicrequirements must be considered: It must provide you withprotection; it must allow you to engage the enemy; and, it mustbe concealed. When you first move into a battle r)osition, youmay have little or no time to prepare the position, andtherefore must occupy a hasty battle position. This is aposition behind some natural object on the terrain that affordsyou frontal protection from direct fire but also allows you tofire forward. As time and conditions permit, the position canbe improved, but the natural cover that you initially use will bethe basis of your fighting position."

b. Orientation: Tell the squad in your own words why the task isimportant. Use the following as a guide for doing this:

"Preparing and occupying a hasty battle position dismounted with thecarrier is a critical tactical maneuver for the squad to master. Donequickly and expertly, it can be the deciding factor in the outcome ofan engagement. In effect, it capitalizes on good defensive proce-dures to put the squad's firepower in the best position to be employedaggressively against OPFOR elements. By capitalizing on the ele-ment of surprise, the squad's punch can be a knockout blow to inunsuspecting enemy."

,41 6. PRETEST

7. PRESENTATION


" (I) If a nearby squad has successfully performed the task, have thissquad demonstrate the drill.

(2) Expain what they are doing and why as they demonstrate. Usethe standards as a guide.


C-104-


a. Summary of Training Objective: Tell the squad the training objective*in your own words. Use the following task, conditions, and standards

statement as a guide.

(I) Task: "You will be learning how to prepare and occupy a hastybattle position."

(2) Conditions: "The squad has been assigned a battle positionwithin a platoon defensive area along an expected OPFOR axisof advance."

(3) Standards: "In preparing a fighting position, three basicrequirements must be considered: It must provide you withprotection; it must allow you to engage the enemy; and, it mustbe concealed. When you first move into a battle position, youmay have little or no time to prepare the position, andtherefore must occupy a hasty battle position. This is aposition behind some natura. object on the terrain that affordsyou frontal protection from direct fire but also allows you tofire forward. As time and conditions permit, the position canbe improved, but the natural cover that you initially use will bethe basis of your fighting position."


"Preparing and occupying a hasty battle position dismounted with thecarrier is a critical tactical maneuver for the squad to master. Donequickly and expertly, it can be the deciding factor in the outcome ofan engagement. In effect, it capitalizes on good defensive proce-dures to put the squads firepower in the best position to be employedaggressively against OPFOR elements. By capitalizing on the ele-ment of surprise, the squads punch can be a knockout blow to anunsuspecting enemy."

6. PRETEST

7. PRESENTATION


(I) If a nearby squad has successfully performed the task, have thissquad demonstrate the drill.

A(2) Expain what they are doing and why qs they demonstrate. Use

the standards as a guide.


C-11d 'C-1

,U.


(I) Training site: Terrain provides -

(a) At least 100 meters wide by 400 meters deep.

(b) An avenue of approach (road, trail, open area, etc.)through the area adequate for three or four OPFORvehicles.

(c) Natural cover and concealment.

(2) OPFOR: OPFOR are not required for the drill.

(3) Unit: Squad leader has conducted a leader's reconnaissance ofthe area and selected the squad primary defensive positions,final protective line (FPL) or principle directions for five (5)PDF for machineguns, and missions for the anti-tank weapons.

Squad leader briefs the squad:

(a) Carrier team will consist of carrier team leader anddriver.

(b) Two soldiers selected to establish an OP/LP.

(c) Emplacement of the maneuver team on the battlepositions in two-man teams.

(d) Three LAWS/VIPERS per fighting position.

c. Walk through.

8. PRACTICE

a. Conduct the Drill according to directions in the blocks above.

,; b. Introduce the following variations as you repeat the drill:

(I) Vary event times (length of time that OPFOR sustains initialhigh rate of fire, length of time allows for movement to assaultpositions).

(2) Select different terrain.

(3) Reduce coaching until the squad can perform to standardswithout it.

9. PERFORM

Inform PL/PSG that squad is ready for evaluation.

C-12

--. " . ..

TRAINER'S GUIDE

SQUAD EXECUTES FIRE AND MANEUVER

1. RESPONSIBILITIES




a. Task: Squad employs fire and maneuver to close with and destroy

* enemy emplacement.

b. Conditions:

(I) Friendly: Squad is a part of a platoon moving mounted withouttanks.

(2) Enemy: Squad has made contact with enemy OP.

c. Standards:

(I) Carrier Team:

(a) Carrier driver occupies a concealed hull-down positionwhich provides observation and fire on enemy position.

. Positioned so that maneuver element does not maskfire.

0 Positioned to the flank of maneuver element.

(b) Carrier team lays down initial suppressive fire. Alltargets covered.

(c) Carrier team provides flank and rear protection formaneuver fire team elements until maneuver teamassumes fire element role.

(d) Carrier moves to subsequent fire support position.

* Backs out of position.

. Uses available cover and concealment during

transit.

(2) Maneuver Team:

(a) Maneuver team members occupy firing positions to theimmediate right or left of the carrier.

C-13

:7 71 -. . 1

'

(b) Maneuver elements group and maintain high volume of.suppressive fire as the remainder of the maneuver team

dismounts.

(c) Maneuver elements move to overwatch position.

" Use wedges when have two wedges.

, Buddy teams within the wedge.

(d) Fire element covers and protects the advance of

maneuver elements with its fire:

* High initial volume of suppressive fire.

* Reduced rate of fire to maintain suppression.

(e) Maneuver element moves using crawling or short rushtechnique appropriate to enemy fire and cover.

(f) Maneuver element occupies the subsequent overwatchposition and assumes the fire element role.

(g) The old fire element becomes the maneuver element andmoves as appropriate to the next designated subsequentoverwatch position.

(h) Squad maneuver team continues to move from overwatchposition to overwatch position until OPFOR objective isassaulted.

(i) As final assault begins, or on signal from squad leader, thefire element walks its fire across the objective in front ofthe maneuver element and then shifts or ceases fire.


a. Leader Soldier's Manual Tasks: Direct the fire and maneuver of amechanized squad against an enemy position. FM7-11B3, page 2-VII-E-7. 1.

Additional Training Sources:

(I) FM 7-7, The Mechanized Infantry Platoon and Squad.

(2) TEC Lesson 010-071-1066 F, Determine, Direct Fire andManeuver of an Infantry Squad Against an Enemy Position.

• (3) TEC Lesson 010-071-1109-F, Close Techniques for MechanizedInfantry Squad, Dismounted.

b. Resources:

(1) Blank ammunition for:

C- 14

4 a .4. . . . . . . ..". . 4 4""... . . . . . . . . . . .. ." """ " ' i '

' ; '" ! " " :' " e -!. .- 4'" "4""'" . . . 4 "1" 9" ,' ;" .r,- , -_

(a) M 16 rifles

'. (b) M 60 machinegun

c Ground smoke signal XM 635

. (d) 3-6 Pop-up personnel targets

(2) Location: Field (see Set-up Direction, below, for details).

(3) OPFOR: One soldier to control smoke signal and pop-uptargets.


(I) Prior Drills:

(a) Squad reacts to contact.

(b) Squad prepares to support by fire.

(c) Squad employs direct fire.

(d) Squad provides covering fire.

(2) ARTEP mission/tasks that the drill supports.

(a) Squad Attack/Conduct fire and maneuver (3-111-2-7Assault (3-111-2-9).

(3) References:


(b) TC 7-1, The Rifle Squads (Mechanized and Light Infantry).

(c) FM 23-12 Techniques of Fire of the Rifle Squad andTactical Application.


a. Tasks to be trained before this drill:

(I) Move as a member of a fire team, FM 7-1 IBI/2, page 2-11-A-I.I.


(a) FM 7-8, The Infantry Platoon and Squad.

(b) FM 7-7, The Mechanized Infantry Platoon and Squad.

(c) TEC Lesson 020-071-1043-F, Moving as a Member of aFire Team.

C.15

Of

(2) Move under direct fire, FM 7-11 BI/2, page 2-11-A-2.1.


(a) FM 21-75, Combat Skills of the Soldier

":': (b) TEC Lesson 020-071-1042-F, React to Indirect Fire.

(3) Load, reduce a stoppage, and clear an M 16 A I rifle, FM 7-I IBI/2, page 2-111-A-2.1.


(a) TM 9-1005-249- 10, Operator's Munual M 16 A I Rifle.

(b) TEC Lesson 939-071-0009-F, Loading and Unloading theMI6 AI Rifle.

(c) TEC Lesson 939-071-0012-F, Preventing and CorrectingCommon Malfunctions.

(4) Operate an M60 Mochinegun FM 7-I B 1/2, page 2-1II-E-2.I.


(a) FM 23-67, Machinegun 7.62, M60.

(b) TEC Lessons 941-071-0078-F through 941-071-0080-F,The M60 Machinegun: Mechanical Training, Parts I, II, Ill.

(c) TEC Lesson 941-071-0081-F, The M60 Machinegun:Functioning.

(d) TEC Lesson 941-071-0083-F, The M60 Machinegun, Pre-f ire Procedures.

(e) TEC Lesson 941-071-0085-F, Malfunction and Stoppages,M60 Mochinegun.

(5) Performs operator maintenance on an M60 machinegun and

ammunition, FM 7-11 BI/2, page 2-11I-E-I.1.


See sources (a) and (b) above.

b. Tasks to be trained during Drill Training, if necessary.

(I) Move as a member of afire team, FM 7-111BI/2, page 2-A-1.1.



.4,1

~C-16

(b) TEC Lesson 020-071-1043-F, Moving as a Member of aFire Team.

(2) Move under direct fire, FM 7-1 IBI/2, page 2-11-A-2.1.


(a) FM 21-75, Combat Skills of the Soldier.

(b) TEC Lesson 010-071-1042-F, Reacting to Indirect Fire.

(c) TEC Lesson 010-071-1109-F, Close Techniques forMechanized Infantry Squad, Dismounted, Part 2.

(3) Move over, through, or around obstacles, FM 7-11IBI/2, page 2-II-A-5. 1.


(a) TEC Lesson 947-071-0071-F, Breaching ArtificialObstacles.

(4) Select temporary battlefield positions, FM 7-1IBI/2, page 2-11-A-7. 1.

(5) Use visual signals to control movement (dismounted), (includeonly Drill-relevant signals). FM 7-I IBI/2, page 2-11-A-9.1.

Additional Training Source:

(a) FM 21-60, Visual Signals.

(6) Control rate and distribution of fire, FM 7-IB 1/2, page 2-VII-A-I.I.


V (a) TEC Lesson 020-071-1051-F, Control Rate and Distri-bution of Fire.

(7) Control fire team movement, FM 7-1 IBI/2, page 2-VII-C-I.1.


(a) TEC Lesson 010-071-1055-F, Control Fire Team Move-ment.


a. Summary of Training Objective.

Tell the squad the training objective in your own words. Use thefollowing task, conditions, and standards statements as a guide.

SJC-17- -. *...' .v','.. *-*.,%.------ 'c.".." '. "> - -.* .. ** /.-~ d..-* .. ., ,+.,j.l,.t , . .+. . . . .. . . . •. .,,".. . .. -... ..... . .'- .."

.. . . ...... ... . .'. ... - -. .. .-.' - -, - .- .:,..:.. :- .._.. .: -.- - _. -' -;-. -., .- ,

(1) Task: "You will be learning the technique of squad fire andmaneuver to close with and destroy an enemy position."

(2) Conditions: "The drill that you will practice applies when youencounter an enemy position that must be taken. Our squad is apart of platoon moving mounted without tanks when contact ismode. 1

(3) Standards: "On contact, the carrier will move to a concealedhull-down position which provides observation and fire on theenemy position. If under direct fire, employ suppressive firewhile the maneuver team dismounts and maneuvers to a closing

* position on the enemy. Fire and maneuver consists of twoactions that take place at once. A fire element covers themovement of a maneuver element by shooting at the enemyposition. The maneuver element moves forward to either closewith the enemy or to a better position from which to fire at theenemy. Thus, in this drill the carrier team and maneuver teamwill switch roles as needed to close with and destroy the enemyposition. Throughout the drill the enemy position is fixed withsuppressive fire and weak points, e.g., flank, rear, are iden-tified."

b. Orientation: Tell the squad in your own words why this task isimportant. Use the following as a guide for doing this.

"This drill is one the the squad will have to have down pat. It is afundamental infantry tactic that is used to close with and destroyenemy emplacements. It uses suppressive fire to pin down the enemyallowing the maneuver element to close and exploit weak points inthe enemy defense. It takes practice and perfect teamwork to carryit off quickly and aggressively.

c. Caution: Tell the squad the standard safety caution for using blank

ammunition.

6. PRETEST

7. PRSENTATION

a. Optional demonstration:

(1) If a nearby squad has successfully performed the task, have thissquad demonstrate the drill.



* b. Set-up Directions:

(I) Training Site: Terrain must provide covered and concealedsquad approach to OPFOR defensive position.

I C-18

(2) OPFOR: Emplace 3-6 pop-up personnel targets controlled by asoldier who also releases the smoke signal to simulate fire tobegin the Drill.

(3) Unit: Squad leader designates the fire teams of the maneuverelement and specifies route.

C..1

'9'o.

I.

i c-19

TRAINER'S GUIDE

4CARRIER TEAM ASSAULTS MOUNTED

RESPONSIBILITIES


b. Evaluators: Platoon Leader/Platoon Sergeant; Company Commander..4.

2. Training Objective

a. Task: Squad assaults enemy position mounted all the way across theobjective.

b. Conditions:

(I) Friendly: Platoon is part of a tank-infantry team and isfollowing tanks in line.

(2) Enemy: Light resistance is expected from scatter OPFORunits.

(3) Other: Speed of movement has been ordered as essential to the

operation.

c. Standards:

(I) Driver follows designated tank close enough to permit shootingto the flanks and rear of tanks yet far enough behind so thatfire directed at tank does not hit APC.

(2) Each member positioned in firing hatch covers area of

responsibility:

* Flank

* Rear

(3) Carrier driver slows and signals to allow members to shoot intoand drop grenades as carrier moves over OPFOR positions.

(4) Designated members drop grenades in OPFOR positions as theyare overrun.

(5) Squad members move to quickly suppress ATGM as prioritytargets:

0 Rapid fire suppression (IS seconds or less).

r Seek cover if shot at by ATGM.

C-20

4.

* If in open use smoke screen to cover movement.

(6) Members shift fire cover as squad leader modifies sector of firebased on changing positions. Cover each new sector within 10seconds.



(I) Select exact terrain route for an APC, and direct the driverover the route, FM 7-1 IB3, page 2-VII-E-2. 1.



(b) TEC Lesson 010-071-1105-F, Select Terrain Route forAPC, Direct Driver Over Route.

(2) React to direct fire while mounted, FM 7-1113, page 2-VII-E-4.1.



(b) TEC Lesson 010-071-I 107-F, Reaction to Direct, IndirectFire While Mounted on APC.

(c) TEC Lesson 010-071-1108-F, Close Techniques for Mech-anized Infantry Squad, Mounted, Part I.

b. Resources:

(I) Vehicle to simulate friendly tank.

(2) Location: Field (see Set-up Directions below).


(I) Prior Drill Tasks:

(a) Squad reacts to contact mounted.

• (b) Squad em lays direct fire.

(c) "-' Jad .. nploys fire and maneuver.

(2) ARTEP mission/tasks that the drill supports:

(a) Squad Attack/Employ direct fire (3-111-2-2); Support/Attack by fire (3-111-2-8); Assault (3-111-2-9).

C-21li[....:..,.-',....' .'...'." .,'....-,., ......,.,.-.., .,...,..-........"....,.......""".""...."."."."...."...'.... ..

3- 7, 77 77I I - I ; .. ;

(3) References:


(b) FM 7i-I, The Tank/Mechanized Infantry Team.

(c) TC 7-I, The Rifle Squads (Mechanized and Light Infantry).


a. Tasks to be trained before training on this Drill:

(I) Load, unload, and clear the M203 grenade launcher, FM 7-I I B 1/2, page 2-111-B-2-1.

(2) Drive an APC cross-country, FM 7-11 B 1/2, page 2-V-B-1.I.

(3) Load, reduce a stoppage, unload, and clear a caliber .50machinegun, FM 7-11 B 1/2, page 2-11I-F-3.1.


(a) FM 23-65, Browning Machinegun, Caliber .50, HB, M2.

(b) TM 9-1005-213-10, Operator's Manual: Machinegun,Caliber .50 Browning, M2.

(c) TEC Lesson 941-071-0116-F, The Caliber .50 MG: Mech-anical Training.

b. Tasks to be trained during Drill Training, if necessary:

(I) Control rate and distribution of fire, FM 7-111BI/2, page 2-VIII-A-1.1.


(a) TEC Lesson 020-071-1051-F, Control Rate and Distri-bution of Fire.

(2) Engage targets with a caliber .50 machinegun, FM 7-IB 1/2,page 2-111-F-2. I.


(a) TEC Lesson 941-071-0125-F, Machinegun Target Engage-ment, Introduction.

5. DRILL PREPARATIONa. Summary of Training Objective: Tell the squad the training objective

in your own words. Use the following task, conditions, and standardsstatements as a guide.

C-22

' i-* -. * ' * '- **.* . . . .

(I) Task: "You will be learning the technique of assaulting anenemy position mounted all the way across the objective.

(2) Condtions: "Your platoon is part of a tank-infantry teammoving in attack following the friendly tanks in line.

(3) Standards: "Carrier will be moving close enough to the friendlytank to provide coverage for its flank and rear yet far enoughso that it is not in line with fire directed at the tank. Eachmember in firing hatch covers assigned area of responsibility toflanks and rear. As enemy positions are overrun grenades areemployed to ensure carrier will not be attacked from behind bysurviving enemy. You must be prepared to shift fire to newsector at my command particularly in immediate response toenemy ATGM fire."

b. Orientation: Tell the squad in your own words why the task isimportant.

"This drill is important because it is one method of conducting anassault with tanks in the lead. It is used when speed is essential. It isvery demanding on the carrier team as they must provide for tankdefense and their own defense in a fast moving situation."

c. Caution: Tell the squad the standard safety caution for using blank

ammunition.

6. PRETEST

7. PRESENTATION


(I) If a nearby squad has successfully performed that task have thissquad demonstrate the drill.

(2) Explain what they are doing and why as the demonstrate. Usethe standards as a guide.



(I) Training Site: Terrain provides for rapid mounted movementonto and through enemy positions with a covered and concealedroute of approach.

(2) OPFOR: Not required for this Drill.

7: (3) Unit: Squad leader positions carrier behind friendly tank(simulated). Weapon assignments and sectors are assigned tosquad members.

c. Walk Through.

C-23

;.'- - .. ....-'..-. ......-. ,. :. . ,.- -. :.-,' . v .':-: -..:-; , i, , - " -. . .- - - -". . . ..""" - "". . .I.I.

-,". ..- . - -

TRAINER'S GUIDE

SQUAD REMOUNTS/DISENGAGES

1 . RESPONSIBILITIES


b. Evaluators: Squad Leader; Platoon Leader/Platoon Sergeant.


a. Task: Squad disengages while under fire and remounts the carrier.

b. Conditions:

(I) Friendly: Squad is defending, the maneuver team is dismountedand occupying a hasty battle position.

(2) Enemy: OPFOR is attacking with mechanized infantry ele-ments.

c. Standards:

(I) The carrier team moves to a covered, concealed positionslightly forward of the maneuver team, oriented on theattacking force.

(2) The maneuver team maintains fire on the OPFOR while thecarrier moves into position. The volume of fire is increaseduntil the carrier picks up the fire and places effectivesuppressive fire on the attacking OPFOR.

(3) The maneuver team augments their fire by using smoke potsand smoke grenades to screen the movement of the carrierteam.

(4) The carrier team delivers a high volume of suppressive fire onthe attacking force as soon as it is in position. The volume offire should keep the OPFOR deployed and halt their movementif possible.

(5) When in position, the carrier team ,opens the combat hatch,maintains the suppressive fire and signals that it is ready forthe maneuver team to mount.

(6) When the carrier team signals that it is ready, the firstincrement of the maneuver team ceases firing, backs out oftheir fighting positions, and moves by a covered and concealedroute to the carrier and mounts through the combat accessdoor. The team uses appropriate individual fire and movementand individual techniques.

C-24

(7) As soon as the carrier signals that the first increment of themaneuver team is mounted, the rest of the maneuver teamceases firing, backs out of their fighting positions, and movesby a covered and concealed route to the carrier and mountsthrough the combat access door. The team uses appropriatefire and movement and individual techniques.

(8) The maneuver team leader closes the combat acess door andsignals the carrier team leader.

(9) Carrier moves by a covered and concealed route to the supple-mentary battle position.


a. Leader Soldier's Manual Tasks: None.

b. Resources:

(I) Blank ammunition for:

(a) M60 MG linked if OPFOR machinegun team is used.

(b) Caliber .50 MG.

(2) Smoke pots and smoke grenades.

(3) Squad radios or 2TA- Is for control of OPFOR during drill.


(I) Prior Drills:

(a) Carrier team moves to alternate position.

(b) Squad occupies hasty battle position dismounted withcarrier.

(c) Squad executes fire and maneuver.

(2) ARTEP mission/tasks that the Drill supports:""*. (a) Squad Defend/Disengage (3-111-3-9); Remount (3-111-3-10);

React to Indirect Fire (3-111-9-4).

(b) Attack/Remount (3-111-2-13); Disengage (3-111-2-14).

(3) References:


(b) FM 21-75, Combat Skills of the Soldier, CI.

(c) TC 7-I, The Rifle Squads (Mechanized and Light Infantry).

C-25


a. Task to be trained before training on this Drill: None.b. Task to be trained during Drill Training, if necessary:

(I) Control rate and distribution of fire, FM 7-IB 1/2, page 2-VII-A-I. 1.


(a) TEC Lesson 010-071-1057-F, Control Rate and Distri-bution of Fire.

(2) Control movement, FM 7-11 B 1/2, page 2-VII-C-1.I.

S. DRILL PREPARATION

a. Summary of Training Objective: Tell the squad the training objectivein your own words. Use the following task, conditions, and standardsas a guide.

(I) Task: "You will be learning the technique of disengaging froman enemy contact under fire while having the maneuver teamremount."

(2) Conditions: "The squad is dismounted defending and occupyinga hasty battle position. The decision has been made to movethe squad in its carrier to a supplementary battle position."

(3) Standards: "The carrier team takes a covered and concealedposition oriented on the attacking force and near the maneuverteam. The maneuver team covers the carrier's moves with fireand smoke as necessary. Once in position, the carrier teamcovers the maneuver team's movements with suppressive fire.The maneuver team moves to carrier in prearranged incrementsusing fire and maneuver techniques."


"Breaking contact with the enemy and withdrawing to a bettertactical position is a critical combat maneuver. It can only beaccomplished if all members of the squad know and follow theirassignments. To be effective it must be done quickly before theenemy is aware of what is happening. Quick and smooth execution isa must."

C. Caution: Tell the squad the standard safety caution for using blankammunition.

6. PRETEST

7. PRESENTATION

C-26

~ , ,-' .. ........ .. .. . ...i ,"',-" ; .............. """

S'.. - u ut m n in n, ." ' - .-' - " .


(I) If a nearby squad has successfully performed the task have thissquad demonstrate the drill.




(I) Training Site: Terrain should be -

(a) At least 100 meters wide by 400 meters deep.

(b) Have an avenue of approach through the training areaadequate for an OPFOR platoon (three or four vehicles).

(c) Off a tactical sound defensive position.

(2) OPFOR: Emplace OPFOR machinegun team in covered andconcealed position. Instruct OPFOR to remain in position andopen fire on signal from Trainer. Their role is to keep pressureon the drilling to ensure they employ good combat techniquesduring the withdrawal.

(3) Unit: Squad is occupying a hasty battle position dismounted.Squad leader has designed the order that the fire team willdisengage.

c. Walk Through.

.- bC 27

.

° . . . ..° ~ ~ -

.. 777o7-7

TRAINER'S GUIDE

SQUAD EXECUTES ANTIARMOR AMBUSH

I, RESPONSIBILTIES




a. Task: Squad executes ambush against armor target(s).

b. Conditions:

(I) Friendly: Squad is in position to spring an antiarmor ambush.

(2) Enemy: Contact with OPFOR armor units is expected.

c. Standards:

(I) All members of the squad and equipment are positioned in acovered and concealed firing position within one minute ofnotice.

(2) When enemy armor enters kill zone, the dragon gunner firesimmediately at the target identified by the squad leader.

(3) Each man in the squad, except the dragon gunner, machinegunner, and assistant gunner, fire a law/viper at the sides orrear of the OPFOR vehicles.

(4) All members open fire simultaneously upon impact of the4 dragon round (within one second).

(5) Machine gunners engage exposed OPFOR crewman, vehicleoptics and dismounted troops.

(6) Security team blocks entrance and exit to the kill zone toprevent OPFOR escape.

(7) One member of the armor/killer team detonates thedemolitions under vehicles and in deadspace occupied byescaping OPFOR troops.

(8) Grenadiers fire at sides of vehicles and dismounted troops.

(9) Squad continues to fight until squad leader signals break con-tact.


C-28

-. ",

. . . *.

7 .

., a. Leader Soldier's Manual Tasks:

(I) Organize an antiarmor ambush, FM 7-111B3, page 2-VIII-B-l.l.



(b) TEC Lesson 010-071-1080-F, Organize an AntiarmorAmbush.

(c) TEC Lesson 010-071-1081-F, Employ Antiarmor Weapons.

(d) TEC Lesson 010-071-1082-F, Employ an Armor KillerTeam.

(2) Conduct an antiarmor ambush, FM 7-1 1B3, page 2-VII-B-2.I.


See sources listed in (I) above.

b. Resources:

(I) Blank ammunition for:

(a) M16 Rifles

(b) M60 Machinegun

(2) Dragon

(3) 4-LAW

(4) 2-M 203 grenade launchers

(5) 2-PRC-77 radios

(6) Location: Field (see Set-up Directions, below, for details).

(7) OPFOR: Two armored vehicles (may be simulated) in radiocontact with trainer. Waits for drilling unit to spring ambushbefore employing counter actions on signal from trainer.


(I) Prior Drills:

" (a) Carrier team prepares to support by fire.

(b) Squad reacts to contact.

. Dismounted

C-29

'. Mounted

(c) Squad occupies hasty battle position dismounted.

(d) Squad employes direct fire.

(2) ARTEP missions/tasks that the Drill supports:

(a) Squad Antiarmor Ambush/Select and occupy ambush site(3-111-5-2); Prepare ambush site (3-111-5-3) Conduct theambush (3-111-5-9).

(3) References:


(b) FM 711/B3, Soldier's Manual.

(c) TC 7- I, The Rifle Squads (Mechanized and Light Infantry).

(d) TC 7-24, Antiarmor Tactics and Techniques for Mech-anized Infantry.


a. Tasks to be trained before training on this Drill:

(I) Construct a fighting position (Dragon/90-mm RCLR), FM 7-I B 1/2, page 2-111-H-7.1.

-" Additional Training Sources:


(b) TC 7-24, Antiarmor Tactics and Techniques for Mech-anized Infantry.

* (2) Prepare the Dragon for firing, FM 7-IB 1/2, page 2-111-H-2.1.


(a) TC 23-24, Dragon Medium Antitank Assault WeaponSystem M 47.

(b) TEC Lesson 94B-071-0146-F, Dragon Employment.

(3) Determine If target is engageoble, FM 7-I lB 1/2, page 2-111-H-4.1.


See (I) and (2) above.

C3

~C- 30

(4) Perform immediate action procedures for a Dragon misfire, FM

7-11BI/2, Page 2-111-H-6. 1.


(a) TM 9-1425-480-10, Operator's Manual; Dragon WeaponSystem, M47.

(b) TEC Lesson 948-071-0149-F, Dragon Malfunctions andDestruction.

b. Task to be trained during Drill Training, if necessary:

(I) Demonstrate correct Dragon firing positions, FM 7-1 IBI/2,page 2-111-H-3. 1.


(I) TC 23-24, Dragon Medium Antitank Assault Weapon System M47.

(2) TEC Lesson 948-071-0147-F, Target Engagement.


a. Summary of Training Objective: Tell the squad the training objectivein your own words. Use the following task, conditions, and standardsstatements as a guide.

(I) Task: "You will be learning how to execute an antiarmorambush."

(2) Conditions: "The squad is in place to spring on ambush againstenemy antiarmor elements."

(3) Standards: "When the enemy armor enters the kill zone, thedragon gunner will fire as directed by me. Rest of squad opensfire upon Dragon impact, with LAW/Viper and machineguns.Security team blocks entrance and exit to fire zone. Assignedmembers detonate unplaced demolitions to maximize damage toenemy vehicles and personnel. Squad breaks contact inaccordance with prearranged plans upon my signal."


"An ambush operation can be one of the most demanding that thesquad will be involved in. Timing and coordination are critical andeach part of the team is critically dependent on each member doingthe right thing at the right time. The successful ambush will dependupon how quickly the unit positions itself at the site, how it springsthe trap, and how quickly it departs the area. Unless the enemyarmor elements are effectively destroyed, they can turn on the squadand be very dangerous. So we must take full advantage of the

C-31

-, .* ; . . .. .. . ' .' . . . . . . .. .-. . . .. .. . . . . .-. . .. . . . . ,-.

"+ ' ' .. '."-" - . .. . .. "...li '~ @I'd ; d , ;" ": - , : . . .

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.=o ._.'... ........ .. . .... .''-, .- ° ."-- ". ---. ' '

- -. ., .q- . .. ..-.-.... ,..- _... ...

" element of surprise and inflict maximum damage with the openingshots. Cool heads, accurate shooting and good combat techniqueswill put all the advantages on the squad's side."

c. Caution: Tell the squad the standard safety caution for using blankammunition.

6. PRETEST

7. PRSENTATION

a. Optional demonstration:

(1) If a nearby squad has successfully performed the task have thissquad demonstrate the drill.

(2) Explain what they are doing and why as they demonstrate. Use*the standards as a guide.



(I) Training Site:

(a) Ambush site has been selected and prepared. The terrainis at least 100 meters wide by 200 meters deep and isalong a route which OPFOR armored vehicles will use.

(2) OPFOR: Mounted OPFOR will consist of two armored vehicles* (simulated). They will be in radio contact with the trainer and

will wait for the drilling unit to spring ambush before employingcounter actions specified by the trainer.

(3) Unit: Squad is in place, kill zone is formed using natural and/orminefield enclosures.

C..-

" C- 32

.07

APPENDIX D

CRITIQUE STATEMENTS

-D-

CRITIQUE INDEX

Index Code Page(s) Pare(s) Line(s) Remarks(Chap/App-Nos.)

- I 5 2 5 Add Table (I-I) Contents of DrillTraining Package (DTP). Insertreference statement.

I - 2 5 3 6 Add Figure (I-I) Guideline Over-view. Insert reference state-ment.

2 - I 8 I 6 Change title Column 4 of AuditTrail Worksheet.

2 - 2 8- 18 all all Revise/condense the descriptionof Step I.

2- 3 19 2 6 Subsititute "Related Tasks" for"Correlation."

2 - 4 20 2 7 Add Figure (2-1): Drill SelectionCriteria.

2 - 5 29 2 1 Insert statement following Step2 that Audit Trail Worksheetcomplete.

2 - 6 21-24 3-all 3-all Put detailed explanation inAppendix B.

2 - 7 26-32 2-all 2-all Reword Step 4 and put detailedexplanation in Appendix B.

3- I 34 I 7 Add explanatory paragraph priorto describing procedures.

3- 2 34-42 2-all I-all Rewrite Step I to show DrillTrainer's Guide format only. Putdetailed discussion in AppendixC.

4 - I 47-50 3-all I-all Details to Appendix E.

5- I new Add Chapter 5: Drill Manager'sWorking Guides.

B-I 20-32 all all Add to Appendix B.

4 C-I 34-42 all all Add to Appendix C.

E-I 47-50 all all Add to Appendix E.

D-2

.

CRITIQUE STATEMENT

Index Code (I- I)

Comment:

Introducing the reader to the Contents of Drill Training Package Table in

Appendix E early in the document would be useful. Also combining it with

the information in Table 9 on page 33 would make it more useful.

Recommended Change:

Add the following paragraph and table on pages 5 and 6:

c. Table I-I summarizes the aids (training documents) that will be

developed as the Drill Training Package (DTP).

D-

,jD-.

.............. . . . .

* .'.-.- - ,' . ' ,- -. . . . . ,,- .. ,' . ,- . . . '- - .- .. - --. . . . -.-".- - '-"- .' -.. - . .. -- . . -"-.- -

TABLE I-I

CONTENTS OF DRILL TRAINING PACKAGE (DTP)(from draft "Guideline for Designing Drill Training Packages"

by Killer, Hardy and Meliza, 1982)

4.. Aid User and Purpose of Aid

Trainer's Guide Used by Squad Leader to plan and prepare for(one per Drill) Drill training. (See Appendix B.)

Trainer's Guide Outline Used by Squad Leader as an aid in the actual(one per Drill) conduct of Drill training in the field. This aid

can also be used by the Platoon Leader/Platoon Sergeant to evaluate the conduct ofDrill training. (See Appendix C.)

Evaluator's Checklist Used by Platoon Leader/Platoon Sergeant to.4. (one per Drill) evaluate performance at the end of Drill prac-

tice. (See Appendix D.)

Training Management Guide Used by Platoon Leader in the planning and

(one per DTP) scheduling of training. This guide includes thefollowing charts:

- Training Roadmap for Drills

- Resource Requirements

- Mandatory Prior SM Tasks

- Train as Required SM Tasks

- Soldier's Manual Tasks scored GO afterDrills are mastered.

(See Appendix D.)

D-4

CRITIQUE STATEMENT

Index Code 1-2)

Comment:

Introducing the reader to a Guideline Overview schematic in Chapter Iwould provide a useful tool for assimilating the content of the guideline.

Recommended Change:

Add the following paragraph/figure on pages 5 and 7:

d. Figure I-I gives a diagrammatic overview of the various phases and

steps to be discussed in the following chapters. It indicates the majorworking products that will be developed and the final training

products that will be published as the outcome of the process. Thereader may want to reproduce this figure as a tracking aid through

the guideline. The reader is also referred to the Drill Manager's

Working Guides in Chapter Five as an additional guideline summarydevice.

D-5

* *. .- .*s .

D - .1

r 0V)

0 :-U0

z

U -

U C1

r ~ I-.V-~ 0.

z o~

Lio0 0l1-0

0

W

LU

z 0

_j W F- w 0W 0' zw LL 0 UL

x- 0- 0 ow0U-

uLL w- _ w wm,0 0 OZ o.. UZ)w z :E w

a' U U _j- <C< <Ww a. w 0- D

0 o.> w7 11-ZJ 0 < x <-

0-aW

D-6

CRITIQUE STATEMENT

Index Code (2- I)

Comment:

Column 4 of the Audit Trail Worksheet labeled "correlation" could be

misleading because of its use in statistical parlance.

Recommended Change:

Substitute "Related Tasks" for "Correlation" in Table I, Column 4 on page

8.

D-7

S, .- .-. ..8o . . . .

CRITIQUE STATEMENT

Index Code (2-2)

7.- Comment:

Much of the detail in Step I is covered in Appendix A. In order to assistthe reader, only portions of the detail need be presented in Chapter 2 so asto ensure a logical presentation.

Recommended Change:

That Step I page 8 be revised as follows:

a. Step I: Select Candidate Drills

(I) The purpose of this step is to determine which ARTEP tasks orgroups of tasks describe one or more "chunks of battle" that might

make a good Drill or good Drills. The reader is referred to AppendixA for a more detailed discussion.

* (2) The ARTEP mission statement is examined with particularattention to the general conditions and primary training/evaluation

standards. The mission Tasks, Conditions, and Standards in the T&EOare also examined. Support requirements of opposing force and

maneuver area are also noted.

(a) For each ARTEP task:

*'enter the ARTEP task name in the first column of

the worksheet and

* read the ARTEP conditions and standards to identifyall the actions--subtasks/octivities/procedures/tech-niques-that are covered in that task. Remember topay particular attention to what the soldiers

D-8

are doing, individually and as a unit, to accomplish

that task.

(b) Based on experience, create a "typical" scenario that

includes all of the tasks that are called out in the ARTEP

for that mission. As an aid to scenario development, tie

the ARTEP tasks to scenario events so that a natural

sequencing of the tasks as they are performed on that

mission can be seen diagrammatically. It may also help to

"map out" the mission on an imaginary piece of terrain.

(c) If the set of actions seems to meet the characteristics of

a Drill, as presented in Table 2-2, assign a descriptive

name to it and enter that name in Column 2 of the Audit

Trail Worksheet and next to the related ARTEP task.

(d) Another aid in characterizing and bounding scenario

activity is to compare ARTEP tasks using the Battle

Activity Classification matrix shown in Figure 2-I.

(3) The developer now reviews that task in the ARTEP and fills out

the first three columns of the Audit Trail Worksheet. Table 2-3provides an example.

.D

1

D-9

TABLE 2-2

DRILL CHARACTERISTICS

(from draft "Guideline for Designing Drill Training Packages"by Hiller, Hardy and Meliza, 1982)

Every Drill

* * requires performance of some action or actions by most, if not all, ofthe unit's members; (the actions may or may not require a highdegree of coordination among individuals).

0 places minimal demands upon the leader for tactical decision-makingand for coordination and communication with other units;

* is keyed to one or more ARTEP mission Tasks; (a Drill may be eithera part, a combination, or a restatement of one or more ARTEPTasks);

* has natural start and finish points;

* can be defined to maximize its applicability across ARTEP missions;

* includes activities that require a rapid response to a specific event or

order issued by the unit leader;

* requires actions that are relatively standard across situations, i.e.,

that are Drill-like in character.

D-1O

MISSION ARTEP 71-2

ACTIVITY TASK/STANDARDS

CLASSIFICATIONSQUAD PLATOON

Preparation

Movement/Deployment

Engagement(Initiating Activities)

Engagement(Reactive Activities)

Regrouping

FIGURE 2-I

ACTIVITY CLASSIFICATION GROUPING

D-III! 4. & .. >* .4..***...

TABLE 2-3

PARTIALLY COMPLETED (SAMPLE) AUDIT TRAIL WORKSHEET(from draft "Guideline for Designing Drill Training Packages"

by Killer. Hardy and Meliza, 1982)

AUDIT TRAIL WORKSHEETMISSION: SQUAD MOVEMENT TO CONTACT

Column I Column 2 Column 3

ARTEP NAMES OF WHAT ARETASKS CANDIDATE DRILLS SOLDIERS DOING?

Movement to Gain I. Squad Moves in I. Move in wedgeContact Traveling formation under(9- I -A) Formation leader's control.

2. Look for signs ofthe enemy.

2. Squad Moves in I. Move in wedgeTraveling formation underOverwatch leader's control.

2. Look for signs ofthe enemy.

3. Overwatch routeof advance oflead team.

3. Squad Moves in I. Move in wedgeBounding Overwatch formation under

leader's control.2. Look for signs

of the enerry.3. Overwatch route

of bounding team.4. Select and occupy

overwatchpositions.

Locate and Report 1. Squad Reacts to I . Seek cover.Opposing Force Contact 2. Return fire.(9- 1-B) 3. Report what they

observe to leaders.4. React to leader's

firing instructions.

Develop the I. Squad Fires and I. High crawl and lowSituation or Request Maneuvers crawl.

2. Rush from coveredposition to covered

S1 position.3. Fire to cover

movement of buddies.

D-12

CRITIQUE STATEMENT

Index Code (2-3)

Comment:

Same as Index code 2-I1.

Recommended Change:

* On page 19 paragraph (4) line 6 substitute "Related Tasks" for"Correlation."

D-13

- ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-. ~

CRITIQUE STATEMENT

Index Code (2-4)

Comment:

A Drill Selection Criteria worksheet would be useful to the developer.

Recommended Change:

On page 20 insert following Table 5:

(6) As a further check, each potential candidate drill should be finally

checked against the criteria shown on the worksheet format at Figure

2-2.

.D1"Ja

iD-1

CANDIDATE DRILLS

SELECTIONCRITERIA I. 2. 3.

Battle Related?

All Members Involved?

Involve PhysicalMovements?

Is It ObservablePerformance?

At AppropriateSkill Level?

Does It HaveLogical Begin/End?

Drill Completed15-30 Minutes?

Non-Hazardous?

Non-Redundant?(With Other Drills)

FIGURE 2-2

DRILL SELECTION CRITERIAD-15

* ..%*** . . . . . .

. . ..

CRITIQUE STATEMENT

Index Code (2-5)

Comment:

An indication that at the completion of Step 2, the Audit Trail Worksheetis complete would be useful information.

Recommended Change:

On page 20 prior to Step 3 add the following paragraph:

(6) At the completion of Step 2 the entries on the Audit Trail Worksheetwill be complete. The developer will use the worksheet as a primary

reference in subsequent procedures described below.

D-16

CRITIQUE STATEMENT

Index Code (2-6)

Comment:

Much of the detail on pages 21-24 could be added to Appendix B.

Recommended Chnge

Following Table 6, page 21 add the following paragraph:

(3) Appendix B contains more details of the procedures involved inintegrating Soldier Manual task training into drills. Whenever

possible, Soldier's Manual tasks should be trained as part of the Drills,because motivation to learn and ability to apply what is learned are

generally higher in natural settings where a group is working toward ashored goal. The procedure for classifying tasks, shown in Figure 2-3,is structured so that Soldier's Manual tasks will be included in Drills,

if at all possible. The Drill developer will incorporate the infor-

mation gathered in this step into the Drill Trainer's Guide as will bediscussed in Chapter 3.

.D

. D-17

. a .*.

* * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - 7~.. . . . .-

START

J SOLDIER'S MANUAL

TASKCONDUCTATRAINING ETEBEFOREFIUR

THE DRILL

" No

( o d t G Yes

-;1

YZ:" Yes BS

es : TRAINDI

~No

"" esHARD No INCLUDEEVALATE THIE TASK

-, EVA UAT IN THE DRILL

!--;iFIGURE 2-37 PROCEDURE FOR ASSIGNMENT OF SOLDIER'S MANUAL TASKS

" FOR DRILL TRAINING(from draft "Guideline for Designing Drill Training Packages"

by Hiller, Hardy and Meliza, 1982).i D -18

.~. . .....

CRITIQUE STATEMENT

Index Code (2-7)

Comment:

Much of the detail in Step 4 on preparing Drill Training Objectives could be

put in Appendix B.

Recommended Change:

d. Step 4. Prepare Drill Training Objectives

(I) The purpose of this step is to prepare a detailed statement of

the training objectives for each Drill. These training objectives

are WORKING DOCUMENTS FOR THE DRILL DEVELOPER.

The training objectives themselves do not go to the eventual

user, but the developer will incorporate the information from

them into the final Drill Training Package.

(2) The format of the Drill Training Objective is shown in Figure 2-

4 (see more details/examples in Appendix B). The actual

development of the set of these working documents constitutes

a significant milestone in the drill development project, for

they capture the essence of drill activity.

(3) At the completion of step 4, the developer has produced:

, A list of candidate drills

* Drill Training Objectives for each drill.

* D-19

-. ...

Upe Section

?i a.

b. Drill Title

c. Drill Task

d. Conditions

e. * Friendly

f. Enemy

g. . Other

h. Set-Up Directions

i. * Training Site

j. . OPFOR

k. * Unit

I. Start/Finish Directions

M. * Start

n. * End

o. Performance Standards

0.

02 2.

03

04 4.

~*05 5.

FIGURE 2-4

)4 FORMAT OF DRILL TRAINING OBJECTIVES

D-20

, ,,....-.. "-

CRITIQUE STATEMENT

Index Code (3- I)

Comment:

A brief description of the steps to follow would provide the reader with auseful perspective.

•..

Recommended Change:

On page 34, paragraph I: Modify last sentence and add statement as

follows:

.... The steps below are covered in the order recommended above using

the Drill Training Objectives as a major working document.

Step I: Trainer's GuidesStep 2: Trainer's Guide Outlines

Step 3: Evaluator's ChecklistsStep 4: Drill Training Management Guide

The following sections describe them briefly. A more extensive discussion

is found in Appendix C. Examples are also found in Appendix C, D, and E.

,.-2

i

,+^ • •.+ ° . . , . .. . . .. .- . . . . . . ,,

CRITIQUE STATEMENT

Index Code (3-2)

Comment:

-Much of the detail contained in Step I could be placed in Appendix C. Thisintroduces the reader to the format and major ideas and provides a

convenient package (Appendix C) for doing the actual work.

Recommended Change:

Revise paragraph 3-2 on pages 34-42 as follows:

3.2 Procedures

a Step I: Prepare Drill Trainer's Guides

(I) The purpose of this step is to prepare the materials that thetrainer will use in garrison to plan and prepare for Drilltraining.

(2) Details and examples of a Trainer's Guide for a Light

Infantry Squad Drill appears at Appendix C. The following

paragraphs give a brief summary of the Drill Trainer's Guide- format.

- (a)

Section 1. RESPONSIBILITIES

a. Primary Trainer; Alternate Trainer

b. Primary Evaluator; Alternate Evaluator

In Section 1, the Developer identifies primary and alternate Drill trainers and

evaluators. In most cases, the primary Drill trainer will be the unit's primary

D-22

individual skills trainer, e.q., in the case of Light Infantry squads, the primary

Drill trainer is the Squad Leader, the alternate trainer the Platoon Sergeant.

(b)

Section 2. TRAINING OBJECTIVE

a. Task Description

b. Conditions

(I) Friendly

(2) Enemy

c. Standards

(I) First Action

(2) Second Action

(3) Etc.

The Developer extracts Section 2 directly from the Drill Training Objectives

that he prepared in Phase One (see Chapter 2).

(c)

Section 3. TRAINER/EVALUATOR PREPARATION

a. Leader Soldier's Manual Tasks

b. Training Resources

c. Background Materials

(I) Prior Drills

(2) ARTEP Missions/Tasks supported by Drill

(3) References

D-23

-:-_. .,,. .+ , ',' , .. .. + . . . . . . . . . .. ... . .. . . . . . . . . . ...-

(d)

Section 4. MANDATORY SOLDIER'S MANUAL TASKS FOR'SOLDIERS

a Tasks to be trained before the Drill

b. "Optional" tasks to be trained during the Drillperiod.

Section 4 lists Soldier's Manual tasks that should be trained before the Drill

training, and Soldier's Manual tasks that might be trained along with the Drill at

the trainer's option.

" (e)

Section 5. DRILL PREPARATION

a. Summary of Training Objectives presented as infor-

mal statement covering:

(1) Task

(2) Conditions

(3) Standards

b. Orientation Statement

. Tells why the Drill is important.

. Explains when the Drill task would be used incombat.

0 Explains how proper or improper performanceof Drill task influences individual and unitsurvivability and mission accomplishment.

c. Caution

From Section 5 on, the Developer tells the trainer how to execute the Drill in

the field. The developer must bear in mind that experience has shown that the

trainer will use the materials in Sections 5 through 8 as he executes the Drill in

the field. In preparing these Sections, the developer must draw upon his troop

leading experience as well as published doctrine.

D-24

' . . . " .. • . . . . ... . . " . . . . . . . -.. - . . : J . . . . . ,

Section 6. PRETEST

' - The developer includes this section simply to remind the Drill trainer to plan on pretesting• " when appropriate.

(g)

Section 7. PRESENTATION

a. Optional Demonstration

(I) If a nearby unit has successfully performed thetask, have the unit demonstrate the Drill.

(2) Explain what they are doing and why, as theydemonstrate. Use the standards as a guide.


b. Set-up Directions

(I) Training Site

(2) OPFOR

(3) Unit

. c. Walk-thru

(I) Before the Walk-thru

(2) During the Walk-thru

Section 7 covers the presentation of formal Drill training.

(h)

Section 8. PRACTICE

a. Conduct the Drill according to the directions in theWalk-thru.

b. Variations for repeating a Drill.

In Section 8, the Developer provides guidance on how the trainer is to conductpractice on the Drill.

D-25

,-.7-

Section 9. PERFORM

Section 9 contains the developer's reminder to the trainer to "Go for Record."

D-26

... ~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~ .,, -. ... - : , % , .'. - , .-. . ; . .. .-. , . . . ., , , ... .. , .- ..

CRITIQUE STATEMENT

Index Code (4-1)

Comment:

Much of the detail in Chapter 4 is, in effect, shown and discussed inAppendix E. Shortening the discussions in Chapter 4 by linking it to

Appendix E, both preserves an introductory overview and captures thenecessary working detail without excessive redundancy.

Recommended Change:

Revise Chapter 4 as follows:

CHAPTER 4, PHASE THREE: PREPARTION OF ADRILL TRAINING MANAGEMENT GUIDE

4- I. Overview

a. The developer must prepare one Drill Training Management Guide to

cover the planning, preparation, and execution of all of the Drills in the DTP.He develops the Management Guide to meet the following three objectives:

(I) To explain the Drill training concept and its benefits to users in

operational units;(2) To describe the Drill training materials (Trainer's Guides, etc.),

and to explain how to use them;(3) To provide information in convenient form (e.g., lists, tables,

and charts) that can help the trainer and supervisor to plan/schedule Drilltraining and Drill-related SM Task Training.

* "1 4-2. Procedures

a. The Drill Training Management Guide is organized as shown in Table

II. The developer will note that paragraphs 1-6 correspond to Phase I; 7, Phase2; and 8 and 9, Phase 3.

D-27

-. ~ p-.- * . . . . .

- - w- _--- -.

b. The Developer is referred to the Drill Training Management Guidefor Light Infantry Squads at Appendix E. The Drill Developer can, with some

revision, incorporate certain sections of that guide into management guides forunits other than Light Infantry squads. Such revisions entail the Developer'sreplacing examples of Drills related to Light Infantry squads with examplesrelated to the target unit, and also replacing the lists, tables, and charts specificto Light Infantry. The Developer can make most of these changes by usinginformation in the Drill Trainer's Guides. As noted in Table II, an asteriskindicates those parts of the Drill Training Management Guide that will need to

be specifically tailored for the developer's particular combat arm.

D-2

.4_

4'..

*4-

.4

-S

-

4 4. .-. , 4 . , . . - -

TABLE II

ORGANIZATION OF DRILL TRAINING MANAGEMENT GUIDE

Para I. Introduction

* 2. Description of Drills

3. Advantages of Drills

* 4. ARTEP Mission Preparation

5. Integration of Individual and Collective Training

6. Drill Training System

7. Drill Training Package

a. Drill Trainer's Guide

b. Drill Trainer's Guide Outline

" * c. Drill Evaluator's Checklist

* 8. Planning and Scheduling Drill Training

* 9. Planning and Scheduling Soldier's Manual Task Training

* Rewrite or adapt for each new DTP

D-29

*. - . - - ---- ----.- - -.

CRITIQUE STATEMENT

Index Code (5- I)

. Comment:

Adding a chapter on Drill Managers Working Guides: (a) provides someuseful working tools to the developer; (b) serves as a useful summary of the

process itself.

Recommended Change:

Add Chapter 5 as follows:

CHAPTER VDRILL MANAGERS WORKING GUIDES

The purpose of this chapter is to present two working tools for the" management of a drill development project:

(a) Drill Package Planning Sheet(b) Drill Development Mangement Sheets

Drill Package Planning Sheet

This form (Figure 5-1) is designed to give both the manager and the

developer a feel for the percent of time likely to be spent on individual sectionsof the Drill Training Packages. It also serves to provide an overview of the

principal parts of the project.

Drill Development Management Sheets

Figure 5-2 shows a detailed breakout of key events in the development

process. As a management tool, it provides a manager with a quick status of his

project. It also provides a convenient mechanism for understanding the! interrelations of the various parts of the process for developing a Drill Training

Package.

D-30.4•

%* * **,. ~

PHASE STEPS APPROXIMATE % TIME

* ~~ONE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

SELECTCANDIDATE 10

DRILLS

REVIEWCANDIDATE 5

DRILLS

INTEGRATE SOLDIER MANUALTASK TRAINING INTO 5

DRILL TRAINING

PREPAREDRILL TRAINING 25

________OBJECTIVES

*DRILL TRAINER's 35

DRILL TRAINER'S 5

PREPARATION OF __________________

DRILL EVALUATOR'S I5__________________CHECKLISTSj

THREE

PREPARATION OFA DRILL TRAINING 10

MANAGEMENT GUIDE

FIGURE 5-1

DRILL PACKAGE PLANNING SHEET

D-31

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D-32

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FF

CRITIQUE STATEMENT

Index Code (B-I)

Comment:

Put the details of Steps 3 and 4 of Phase One into Appendix B (see Index

Code 2-6 and 2-7).

Recommended Change:

Put the detailed explanation of Steps 3 and 4 at pages 20 through 32, into

front of Appendix B.

D-35

V. -°

CRITIQUE STATEMENT

Index Code (C-I)

Comment:

Put the details of Step I and Phase Two into Appendix C (see Index Code 3-

2).

Recommended Change:

Put the details of Step I Phase Two pages 34 through 42 into front of

Appendix C.

D-36

CRITIQUE STATEMENT

Index Code (E-l1)

Comment:

Put the details of paragraph 4-2 into Appendix E (see Index Code 4-I0.

Recommended Change:

Put the contents of paragraph 4-2, pages 47 through 50 into Appendix E.

D-37

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