drills/procedures for the intelligence section artep 34-245

8/8/2019 Drills/Procedures for the Intelligence Section ARTEP 34-245

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ARTEP 34.24.5- 1 O. DRI LLHEADOUARTERSDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYWashrngton, DC,31 December 19g7DRI LLS/PROCEDURESFOR THE INTEI-LIGENCE SECTIONTABLE OF CONTENTSParagraph page

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Id....ler...I PLANrncernceDl')'...'.'Glossa.

ARMY TRAINING ANDEVALUATION PROGRAMNO. 34-245- 1 0-DRtLL

.....1-11_91.....1-

formation.....of the BattlefieldOperation OrdeRVEILLANCE ,e and Surveillan. r.rd Sr'lrrreitlan{TELLIGENICEy RadioDrill Matrix . ..rreviations . . C

Drill Training . .. ..GeneralTrainingFormatDrills

ling Intelligence Infogence Preparation ofgence Annex to the OSSANCE AND SUR\ion Reconnaissance ring . .ion Reconnaissance ring ..]MINATiON OF INTng,/Transmitting by rn ReportsIndividual Task to DiAcronyms and Abbre

PREFACECHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 2Drill 1 RecordiDrill2 IntelligDrill 3 IntelligRECONNAISDril4a Battali


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;: PREFACE1. The purpose of this drill book is to provide the intelligencesectionieaer with the standard U.S. Army drills that applyto his section. continuous mastery of these drills is an essen-tial baseline requirement for all intelligence sections'2. Tables of organization and equipment (TOE) 07245J410,.Mechanized InTantry Ba.ttalion, was used as a basis for writ-i"g tfrlr drill book. Oth". type units should adapt these drillsto their respective TOE.3. The proponent of this publication is Headquar!91s'TRADC. Submit changs for irnproving this publication o-n Form 2028 (Recomrnended Chnges to Publications andBlank Forms) and forward it to Commander, 9.p._49+fInt.ligutt". enter and School, ATTN: ATSI-TD-UTC, FortHuachuca, AZ 85613-7000.4. unless otherwise stated, whenever the masculine gender isused, both men and women are included.

CHAPTER 1DRLL TRAIN!NG1-1. General.a. A unit's ablity to accomplish its mission frequentlydepends on the ability of its soldiers to execute keyactionsinstiirctively in immediate reaction to a situation -or order.The ability to do this is fundamental to survival on the bat-tlefield. Drills are designed to focus on a iimited number ofkey actions that every like unit in the Army must master.United States Army drills are U.S. Army standards, and yoursection must be able to execute them without deviatio., arrdprecisely as described. A drill is a collective task at sectionlevel which has been identified as one of the most vitar tasksperformed by that unit for success in combat. It is largelymission, enemy, terrain, troops and time availatrle (METT T)independent; requires minimal leader actions to execute; isexecuted on a cue such as a specified enemy action or simplya ieader order; and is executed in the same way every time.b. rills do several important things:(1) They allow your section to perform critical tasksinstantly because they have been practiced repetitively.(2) They reduce communications requirements becausethe soldiers know what they have to do.(3) Thev build teamwork.(4) They save time, energy, and lives.X-2. Training. Drills may be trained using a talk-through.walk-through, and run-through method. you,'of course, mustbe a master of the drill to train your soldiers to execute it. youmay wish to periodically talk your soldiers through thedriil-explaining each soldier's role-then have tirem go

through it slowly, correcting any mistakes as they go. !Vhu.r-ever possible, train in an environment in which you would beexpected to execute the drill in wartime. Do it frequently inmission-oriented protection posture (MOpp). Be tugh nyou_rself and your soldiers. A good section executes instantlyand with precision. Your section will pay a high pric for --'faiiure to do so.


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1-3. F-ormat. This drill book contains two chapters' oreappendix, and a glossarY.a. Chapter 1 is entitled DriII Training' It contains generali.rfrr"uti" about the drill book, training guidelines forleclri"g drills, and the format for this drill book'b. Chapter 2 contains five drills for use by the intelligencesection leader to train his section'c. Appendix A contains an individual task to drill matrixtfrt ia"tifies the leader and individual tasks extracted frominnrt"tv Qualification Standards Manual ffQSM)-li s5a i and Soldier Training Publications (STPs)34-9681-SM and 34-96824-SM-TG.d. The glossary contains a list of acronyms and abbrevia-tions used in this drill book'

CHAPTER 2[RtLt_sDMLL 1Recordimg ! mteBllgemce Imforrnatar

T.dSK: Record intelligence information.CtlE: The intelligence officer directs his section to recordincoming intelligence information to support the unit,smrsslon.STANARDS: No prior drills are required. The intelligencesection will enter intelligence information into the data basewhich will make evaluation and analysis easier and moreaccurate, and will facilitate preparation of intelligencereports by drawing together all available informtion on aspecific subject.SUPPORTING INDIVIUAL TASKS: See Appendix A,Individual Task to rill Matrix.XLLUSTR-A.TIONS: See Figures 2-1 (Organization of a TOCArea), 2-2 (Intelligence Journ al), 2-B (Order of Battle Situa-tion Map), 2-4 (Coordinate Register with Written Entries),and 2'5 (Coordinate Register with Schematic Entry)PERFORMANCE MEASURES: Found in the walk-through instructions.SETUP INSTRUCTIONS:a. Resources. Based on TOE 07245J410. Other type unitsshould use equipment organic or available to their-respectiveunit.

(1) Carrier command post, Iight tracked.(2) Radio set, AN/VRC-90.(3) Radio set, AN/VRC-92.(4) Telephone set, TA-312 /PT (2 each).(5) Power supply, vehicle, HYP-57/TSEC.(6) Administrative supplies including acetate, chinamarkers, paper, pens, pencis, masking tape, blank forms,and so forth.(7) Map board with maps (appropriate scale).t-2 2-r


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(B) Applicable reference materiais, unit operatfgngrdg(OPORD), intelligence L"li*ut", DA Forrn i594 (llailv Staff);;r""il; "1v iri"""'s Log), and current order of battle(OB) holdings.(9) Other TO equipment, as necessary'b. Training site. The intelligence section is collocated wjthth; Sg iop"r"Iio". ""tio"l in-te b.attalion 'r'ask force (BTF);;;i;i "p"rations ""tti"t irocl' The location of the ToC*""pt""ide for good comntunications and be near routes toi;i;h"; h"tdquartrs, companv teams, other subordinatei""iir,^""1iu rF trains. Buitt-up aeas are good iocalon^sf"r ifrtfF. TOC. If built-up areas cannot be used' the TOC;h";i be tocated o., u r",r"i.e slope to provide cover and con-cealment frorn e"te-v gto""a obsrvation and fire' This drillt"t tf." be performd in a garrison environment'c. Section instructions.(1) Arrange the intelligence section in a realistic config-uration for fiet operations within a TOC (Figure 2-1)'(2) Ensure that all section personnel have a thoroughunderstaitding of recording devices and procedures'(3) Break the section d'own into teams to simutrate 24-horr, i"r^tion. Each team will consist of a team chief and ateam member.(4) Ensure that the required esources are on hand priorto comrnencement of training'(5) Use only that equipment authorized by TOE'

TALK-THROUGH INST'R,UCTtrONS :a. Orientation. Devices for recording intelligence informa,tion used by the intelligence section include: intelligencejournal, intelligence journal file, situation rnap (SITMAP),and the coordinate register. Each member of the intelligencesection is personally responsible for ensuring that each bit ofincoming combat information is properly recorded, evalu-ated, interpreted, made available to the battalion cornmanderand his staff, and disseminated to using units.(1) The intelligence journal is the official, permanent,and chronological record of reports and messages that havebeen received and transmitted, important events that haveoccurred, and actions taken in response. The journal is ofgreat significance, so accuracy and cornpleteness areessential.(2) The intelligence journal file is maintained by theintelligence section to retrieve journal entries and supportingmaterial when writing reports or answering questions aboutenemy activity taking place during a specified reportingperiod.(3) The SITMAP is a temporary graphic display of cur-rent enemy dispositions and major enemy activities. It isused to portray the enemy situation and provide a basis forcomparison to determine the significance of newly receiveddata about enemy forces. The SITMAP will show possibleintelligence gaps which may require redirection of the collec-tion effort. Maintenance of the SITMAP at battalion level isusually a joint S2lS3 effort. The friendly situation is nor-mally the responsibility of the S3, and the enemy situationthe responsibility of the 52. Maintenance of the SITMAPtakes precedence over all other recording means during com-

bat operations. In a fast-moving situation, particularly af. theBTF level, the SITMAP is the basis for briefing the com-mander and his staff daily, or more often, and may be theonly recording device used.(4) The coordinate register provides the intelligence sec-tion with a workable counterpart to the extensive intelligencefiles maintained at higher echelons. This device permitsready access to available intelligence information by 52personnel.

TWO WAVS OF ORGANIUNG T@Cw[0Ee 8-EgroP viewffiEffi1 fr

ooFigure 2-1. Organization of a TOC Area'

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b. Safety. Normal training and equipment safety precau-tions should be observed.c. Demonstration. None.d. Explanation.(1) Explain the process of recording incoming informa-tion, illustrating each recording procedure. Use a simulatedmessage that would be received by the intelligence section tobegin the recording process. IJse a mapboard with a map ofthe area of operations (AO) to illustrate posting a SITMAP.Explain the purpose and use of the intelligence journal, intel-ligence journal file, and the coordinate register. Talk throughthe process of completing each recording device using anenlarged example of each device. Explain how messages arereceived by the intelligence section during normal operations.(2) Assign each team member to a specific duty positionin the intelligence section and explain the duties of that posi-tion to each individual. Performance measures outline theresponsibilities of each individual.(3) Conduct a brief back. Have each individual explainhis role in the battle drill, to include performance steps forwhich he is responsible.IVALK-THROUGI: Initiating Cue. This drill begins whenthe TOC has been established and the intelligence sectionbegins receiving messages from higher, adjacent, and lowerechelons. These messages arrive by radio, telephone, andcourier. PERFORMANCE MEASURES1. Team member 1 maintains the intelligence journal (Figure2-2) accurately and completely.

a. AII journa entries wil contain the following:(1) An accurate and concise statement of the message,report, or event.(2) A notation about the sender or individual makingthe report, to include unit, duty position, and section.(3) The time of receipt or dispatch and the method oftransmission.

(4) Action actually taken as a result,nation assigned to reports or informationinterna recording actions.flTELIIGETCE IOUR{AN- SAHPTE PAGE29 Bd

2-4

to include dissemi-received, and other

LEGEND:M-map ru-units IIC-commander If -trooos S - staffFigure 2-2. lntelligence Journal.

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b. Record the following:COACI{ING POINT: The following list is onlv theminimum standard. Other items may be recorded in thejournal. Remind section members to record all importantinformation in the journal.(1) Purpose, subject, and conclusions ofbriefings'(2) Command decisions and summaries of plans'(3) Movement of enemy units, platoon to division level'(4) Significant messages received and transmitted'(5) Incidents of enemy activity, other than movement'(6) Friendly patrol activitY.(7) Liaison activity.(8) Changes in personnel within the intelligencesection.(9) Summaries of written messages or orders'(10) Summaries of action based on enemy or friendlyactivity.

2. Tearn chief maintains intelligence files.a. Maintain journal file containing previously recordedjournal sheets and supporting materials.(1) File all supporting material in chronologicalsequence.(2) Include copies of orders, periodic reports, m-essages,memorandn*s, cottf"rence notes, map overlays, and otheritems required to support journal entries.(3) Annotate the journal number on the supportingdocument.3. Team member 1 posts the SITMAP. Figure 2-3 shown onthe next page illustrates an OB SITMAP-

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ORDER OF BATTLE SITIJAT!ON MAP

2-6

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SfRENGTH

Figure 2-3. Order of Battle Situation Map.a. Limit information about friendly forces to-(1) Boundaries.(2) Locations of command posts (CPs) of higher, lower,and adjacent units.(3) Reconnaissance units.(4) Forward edge of the battle area (FBA).

UNLOCATD UNISRecon 8n.22d MRO122m HOW Regr.22d MRDTK Regl,22d MRD

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(5) Forward line of own troops (FLOT)'b. Dispiay graphically all current enemy dispositions andmajor enemy activities.(1) Unit identification.(2) Unit boundaries.(3) Major roads or trails that could support movementof personnel, weapons, and equipment.(4) Locations of automatic weapons.(5) Locations of supporting mortars.(6) I-ocations of antitank guns.(7) Locations of artillery, to include air defenseartillery.(8) Locations of minefields.(9) Locations of roadblocks.(10) I-ocations of entrenchments.(11) Locations of obstacles.(12) Locations of defensive positions.(13) Locations of logistic and command facilities.(14) Locations of aircraft staging areas.(15) Locations of nuclear, biological, and chemical(NBC) contaminated areas.(16) Locations of intelligence and electronic warfare(IEW) systems.c. Post all enemy units platoon level and above.d. Indicate the latest time when the activity was observedor the disposition was confirmed.

e. Use conventional signs, symbols, and abbreviationsdepicted in FM 21-31 (Topographic Symbols) and FM 101-5-1(Oerational Terms and Symbols). Explain any deviation inthe marginal data on the map or overlay.f. Ensure that maps and overlays are properly classified.COACHING POINT: Take care not to overcrowd themap. One method to avoid overcrowding is to groupentries by categories on a series of acetate overlays.Another method is to prepare an enlarged sketch mapthat covers the overcrowded area.

g. If time and personnel are available, prepare separateoverlays depicting-(1) Enemy fortifications.(2) Potential enemy nuclear targets.(3) Enemy obstacles.(4) Destroyed bridges in enemy areas.(5) Enemy OB data.(6) Friendly reconnaissance patrols.(7) Surveillance activities that include ground coverageof each system.h. Remove information from the SITMAP that is outdatedor no longer needed for current operations.COACIIING trOINT: There is no definitive means todetermine what information is outdated and should beremoved from the SITMAP. This is a value judgmentbased on the mission of the unit and how often theenemy relocates his assets. Information posted to theSITMAP should be checked against the priority intelli-gence requirements (PIRs) and information require-ments for validity. Experienced personnel should guideIess-experienced personnel in determining the length oftime that information should remain on the SITMAP.i. Make a record of past activity on a 24-hour basis for his-torical purposes. Examples are map overlay tracings or pho-tographs of the SITMAP.COACI{ING POtrNT: This historical file wilt be used todetermine patterns of enemy movernent and disposi-tions, and to identify trends.j. Post the following information in the margin of theSITMAP or on briefing charts nearby.(1) Computations of enemy personnel, weaponstrengths, and weaknesses.(2) Organizatton charts of specified enemy units.(3) Summaries of weather and terrain data.(4) List of FIRs and information requirements.(5) Notations about the current patrol plan.(6) Movement computations.(7) List of friendly attachments.

2-B 2-9


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(8) List of unlocated enemy units believed to be in theAO. (9) Probable enemy courses of action.(10) Battle damage assessment (BDA).4. Team chief maintains the coordinate registers. Figure 2'4below shows a coordinate register with written entries. Fig-ure 2-5 shown on page 2-12 shows a coordinate register withschematic entry.

COACI{ING FOINT: Timely maintenance of thecoordinate registers might not be practical in fast-moving, high-intensity situations such as pursuit, delay,or exploitation. This recording device would be valuablein a relatively static situation or in a trow-intensity con-flict (LiC).a. Use a iooseleaf notebook with each page representing asingle grid square of the SITMAP. Use st'rong, semi-

IEM TII/IECOOR83*ATE REGSTER W!T{ WRBTTEN EruTRES

2

092235

3

09231 IcooRo

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2S381 539

GRIO SQUARE 2E15STATEMENT

transparent bond paper whenever possible. Ensure that youcover the following;(1) AO.(2) Areaofinterest.(3) Enemy area.(4) Areas on both flanks.b. Maintain a written entry page (Figure 2'4) for each gridsquare. This entry page should describe:(1) Enemy activity.(2) Locations of enemy weapon systems.(3) Other significant data that impacts on battalionoperations.c. Precede each entry by the date-time group (DTG) andmap coordinates.d. Add comments or notations to any entry as directed bythe 52.e. Maintain a schematic entry page (Figure 2-5) for eachgrid square. Use a grid scaie underneath the schematic pageto allow a more accurate and rapid plotting of, or reference to,the entries. A standarized scale will assist in disseminationof intelligence data from higher to lower echelons. Plot theentry on the grid square in the same manner used to plot theSITMAP.f. Review the coordinate register when your unit moves toa new area, whenever new data is added, or when obsoletedata is deleted.

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28021 523 lo2A14152728141527 lo2822142929611545 lo28781 551

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Figure 2-4. Coordinate Register with Written Entries.

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COORDNATE REGISTER WITH SCHEMATIC ENTRV

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ElRt-L 2mtelligeEee Freparatiom of the Battle'fie8d

TASK: Perform intelligence preparation of the battlefield(IPB).CUE: The intelligence officer directs his section to performIPB to support the unit's assigned contingency mission.STAN.A.RS: No prior drills are required. The intelligencesection will perform IPB in conjunction with other staff ele-ments to project significant battlefield events and enemyactions, and to predict the enemy's probable courses of actionprior to initiation of hostilities.SUPPORTING INDIVIUAL TASKS: See Appendix A,Individual Task to Drili Matrix.ILLUSTRATIONS: See Figures 2-6 (IPB Process), 2-7 ("ter-rain Factor Matrix), 2-B (Terrain Factor Overlay), 2-9(Weather Factor Analysis Matrix), 2-10 (Weather FactorOverlays), 2-11 (Doctrinal Templ ate),2-72 (Situation Tem-plate), 2-13 (Available Collection Resources), 2-74 (EventTemplate), and 2-I5 (Decision Support Template).PRFORMANCE MEASURS: Found in the walk-through instructions.SETUP INSTRUCTIONS:a. Resources. Based on TOE 07245J470. Other type unitsshould use equipment organic or available to their respectiveunit. (1) Carrier command post, light tracked.(2) Radio set, AN/VRC-90.

(3) Radio set, AN/VRC-92.

(9) Other TOE equipment, as necessary.b. Training site. The intelligence section is coliocated withthe S3 (operations section) in the BTI" TOC. The location ofthe TOC must provide for good communications and be nearroutes to higher headquarters, company teams, other subor-dinate units, and the BTI- trains. Buil'u-up areas are goodlocations for the BTF TOC. If built-up areas cannot be used,the TOC should be located on a reverse slope to provide coverand concealment from enemy ground observation and fire.This dritl may also be perfbrmed in a garrison environment.c. Section instructions.(1) Arrange the intelligence section in a realistic config-uration for field operations within a TOC (!'igure 2-1).(2) Ensure that all section personnel have a thoroughunderstanding of recording devices and procedures.(3) Break the section down into teams to simulate 24-hour operation. Each team will consist of a team chief and ateam member.(4) Ensure that the required resources are on hand priorto cornmencement of training.(5) Use only that equipment authorized by TOE.TAT-K-TFIR,OIJGH INSTRUCT'IONS :a. Orientation. IPB is a process which the intelligence sec-tion must perform in conjunction with other staff elements ona continuous basis. IPB is used as the basis for briefing thecornrnander ancl his staff daily, or more frequently whendirected. The information developed during IPB isffiGinceFerves as the basis for command decisions at battalion andhigher headquarters. Each mernber of the intelligence sectionis personally responsible for ensuring that all useful pro-

(4) Telephone set, TA-312/PT (2 each).(5) Power supply, vehicle, HYP-57/TSEC.(6) Administrative supplies including acetate,markers, paper, pens, pencils, masking tape, blankand so forth.(7) Map board with maps (appropriate scale).(8) Applicable reference materials, unit OPORD, intelli-gence estimate, terrain studies, weather forecast, ciimatologystudies, and current OB holdings.2-r4

chinaforms,

cessed intelligence and combat information have be'ior-pratd into the IPB process, mad available to the battalioncomrrrander and his staff, and clisseminated to using units(Figure2-6)on the next page.tions should beb. Safety.

c.d

DemonstraExplanation.

rmal traini d equipment safety precau-

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IPB FROCESS

THREATevaLBATTLEFIELD

AREAEVALUATION

THREATINTEGRATION

WEATHERANALYSIS

Figure 2-6. IPB Frocess.(1) Use a mapboard with a map of the battlefield area'

Explain each step of the IPB process to all section members'Explaln the purpose and use of each overlay and matrix'Taik through the process of completing each overlay andmatrix using an actual copy of those products to illustrateeach step. Explain the information used as input in each stepof the IPB process. Tell all section members where the infor-mation can be obtained when it is needed.(2) Assign each team member to a specific duty positionin the intelligence section, and explain the duties of that posi-tion to each individual. Performance measures outline theresponsibilities of each individual.2L6

(3) Conduct a brief back. Have each individual explainhis role in the battle drilt, to include performance steps forwhich he is responsible.WAI-K-THRO{JGII: Initiating Cue. This drill begins whenthe TOC has been established and the initial situation hasbeen posted to the SITMAP. The intelligence section beginsreceiving messages from higher, adjacent, and lower eche-lons. These messages arrive by radio, telephone, and courier.PERFORMAI{CE MEAS{JRES1. Team chief performs battlefield area evaluation.a. Identify commander's AO from OPORD.b. Portray AO on overlay.(1) Ensure that overlay is properly marked.(2) Ensure that overlay is properly oriented to map"c. Identify commander's area of interest.(1) Identify territory beyond and adjacent to the AOcontaining enemy forces capable of affecting futureoperations.(2) Identify range limitations of available monitoringand coilection assets.(3) Identify lead time beyond the FLOT or attack objec-tives required by the commander to act or react to thesituation. .iid. Portray area of interest on overlay based on command-er's guidance.2. Team member 1 performs terrain analysis.a. Develop terrain data base.(1) Review existing data base.(2) Accurately identify the five military aspects of ter-rain (observation and fields of fire, concealment and cover,obstacles, key terrain, and avenues of approach and mobilitycorridors).(3) Identify gaps in data base.(4) FiIl gaps identified in data base.COACHING FOINT: The engineer terrain analysisteam operating at division level will collect, process, anddisseminate terrain intelligence to supported units. Stud-ies and overlays depicting obstacles, cross-country

EVALIIATION

TERRAINANALYSIS

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movernent, percent of slope, and other aspects of terrainwill be made avaiiable by the terrain analysis team.b. Develop terrain factor matrix (Figure 2'7).- t[: ?c. evelop terrain factor overlays. Figure 2-B shown on-thenext page is a terrain factor overlay of built-up areas, LOC,and hydrology areas.(1) Compare terrain features to the terrain factormatrix.(2) Determine type of overlays required'

FUNCTIONSf'.1! ol td.

TERRAIil F'ACT@R TIATRIX

Scd.cr(Sle

Srd!clSoil'l

x

FACTONS

xT

xx

Wcatlat[ff.cts0n Ttto

T

I

0 nd LZ

x

x

t0C rd MS8

x

x

0rrcl.

I

x

I

X

I

I'n. ol S,9hr

8uil!p

X

x

,"*' I I ' | ' | ' I ' | ' | ' INOTE: The terrain factor matrix dentif ies the terrain factors that are mili-tarily sgnifcant. lt provides a guide for terrain and weather overlays'.Where an "X" is indicated denotes a relationshp between the factor andf unction.

S,cr

x

x

S!ilcc0r'ier-(Htdrolol

x

x

I

x

x

I

X

x

x

x

X

x

x

x

2-L8

x

x

I

x

x

x

X

x

!

x

Figure 2-T.Terrain Factor Matrix"

x

x

x

x

x

X

Figure 2-8. Terrain Factor Overlay.COACHING POINT: Examples of overlays: soils,built-up areas, roads and bridges, alternate landingsites, drop zones, percent of slope, hydrology, vegetationdensity, fields of fire, canopy closure, lines of communi-cation, fording sites, and obstacles to nap of earth.d. Develop combined obstacles overlays.e. Identify avenues of approach that support friendly andenemy capabilities to move, shoot, and communicate.f. Perform line-of-sight analysis.g. Analyze avenues of approach.h. Develop avenues of approach overlay for frindly andenemy capabilities and courses of action.3. Team chief performs weather analysis.a. Develop a weather data base.(1) Review historical and current weather data toinclude light data charts; 12-, 24-,36-, and 72-hour forecasts,long-range forecasts; climatology studies; and special studies.

x

x

fx

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(2) Assess the.tactical aspects of .weather (temperatureand humiditv, precipit;; ; wi"d' vi sib.ilitv' clouds' severeweather, and illumiriti-^"a "btructions to vision)'(3) Identify weather effects on friendly and enemyequipment and oPerations'(4) IdentifY gaPs in data base'(5) FilI gaps identified in data base'COACHING POINT: Weather forecasts' studies' and;;;;v" t"';i;-; historical dta base can berequested fr",t ;h;ilitt" l"n weather officer and AirForce weather team'b. Develop a weather factor analysis matrix' Figure 2'9 onthe next p.g" .ho*" a *eat'"' factor analysis matrix'c. Develop weather factor overlays' Figure 2-10 shown onpage 2-22illustrates weather effects and cloud coverageoverlays.d. Place multiple weather o-verlays over multiple terrainoverlays (-'f more t;;;;lt evelopedt to determine ifweather informatii'*ili lr""t the venues of approach andmobilitY corridors'4. Team member 1 performs threat evaluation'

IVEATHEN FACTOR AI|ALYSIS NATRIX

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NOTE: The weather factor analysis matrix helps to determine whatweather effects overlays will be required. lt identfies th weather factorsthat are militarily signif icant and correlates their efforts wth specif icntellgence uses and tactical applcations. Where an "X" is indicateddenotes a relationshp between the factor and it uses/applications.

o.

tIIIrxIIII

!3IxIIxIIrIIII

;

ao

3

x

rIrT

T

IIxI

o

IrxxIxITxxIITTI

Figure 2-9. Weather Factor Analysis Matrix.

TxIIxrI

IT!III

x

2-21


15/49

CLOUD COVERAGE OVERLAY

a. Assembie and veview- all available data.(1) Mission.(2) OB holdings.COACFIII{G PINT: OB holdings consist of the nineOB factors (cornposition, disposition, strength, trainingstatus, tactics, combat effectiveness, logistics, electronictechnical data, and miscelaneous data).(3) Higher headquarters analyses, estimates, reports,and IPB prod.ucts.b. trdentify threat forces expected to be found in the AOand area of interest.c. Develop applicable doctrinal templates for threat forces(Figure 2-11).

Figure 2-10. Weather Factor Overlays'

COACIIING POINT: Threat evaluation consists of a"tila study of enemy forces, their composjtion. and;;;;;i; tti;n] tactical doctrine, weapons and equipment'#J;;p;ttin g b attlefield function al svstems' Thetfrt".if tnis 'valuation is to determine enemy capab-ili-ii"t " how they operate based on their doctrine andtraining.o .)o

c^xoPY clost REProbrblllty ol balgobrvad trcms,qx, fra 00-25%

B 25-50.c 50'75tD 75-100%

ffi@TOBZED RrFLE {tsfr!P} DEFET{SE REGHET- g!-CE

ll| -rI K-,''i- t@'1.5&

{'30rsu-zs-l I+ltiI

-!lffi'l'Hffi1j-lflr IalI z.srm,,l. I#rIro\,ry| ,.,1,,-. +d

IFigure 2-1'1. Doctrinal Ternplate.=

I

o .)DL-L


16/49

d. Identify gaps in data base.e. Fill gaps identified in data base.5. Team chief performs threat integration.a. Deveiop situation templates (Figure 2-12).2 SITUAT!TN TEMF.ATE

UNI DISTANCES ANO FRONTAGESADJUSTEO TO TERRAIN CONSTRAINTS

(1) Affix combined. obstacles, terrain, and weathe. orr".-lays to map.(2) Affix doctrinal template over appopriate avenue ofapproach or mobility corridor.(3) Prepare template showing unit and. equipment dis-positions, frontages, depths, and echelo., spaci.rg adjusied forterrain and weather factors.(4) Label this overlay "situation template."b. Identify named areas of interest (NAIs).(1) Identify enemy locations.

.(2) Choose_a potential enemy course of action along aparticular mobiliiy corridor.(3) Identify capabilities of available collection resources(Figure 2-13).

2-24

Figure 2-'l 2. Situation Tennplate.

EOUC!T. uGa la I Fm. yato. or cilytty lrom wlchlto@tg tt oit.ty gt tad. Sourcoe noy Orhay not a udg l1cdly cqtrol.

coMrroN S0URCESCgrurad a.my CtyiledOCUanl gnCl.lartal Racoyr.ad US rilryEay clactao-.lgnt,c ol9lc'd 9'rtontaraonl eOmy aCUyrtro!S.tl ndi,-i,. - Loqr r.rdcnr!lrgatr Nuctaa, Dutcotrnat.d Atlugacara u^OtRatoactrYa l'g.rymalaarl Crt.rrwaathar foracrl ododr'9gdl ouot

MaorSlur.o /ltornab EpW

AGEHCIESAn gacy rr y ldtvtdut or o.gruilo rhcaxplorl uaco to collt !dlor pr08!Inlo.!tto.

COIIHON AGEHCIESLowor O adtCanl Mtttlry ootrcacooa

PYog un,tNtron!t talagac'at Atl'ad 'ntalcY'.ttrr aoa vlturl! CSS un,rCh.rcrr snrrr TNSCOMEgrnoar urtt Cl trr,Tcrrar aat Tt taamtWatha. ta!t Mt unrrtOthar srvcot Artrfi..yfrogg! patqCvalryFlgure 2-13. Available Collection Flesources.

2-25


17/49

COACHING POINT: All coliection resources are con-sidered at this point, to include resources at higherechelons, sincerequested via a(RII).- f(4) xamine the map to identify points and areas alongtne molinty corridor where activity, or lack of activity' willi'.pffi p allgllgJjnglLsgIepfudltqg. andcan be monitored and collected agarnst'/ iS; Mark the NAI on the overlaY.(6) Repeat this process for each mobility corridor andenemy course of action'(7) Labe1 this overlav "gg-l*HH (Fieure 2-14)'c. Identify target areas of interest (TAI)'

non-organic collection resources can berequest for intelligence information(1) Review ail NAIs in selected avenue of approach to:d, destroyed, or manrpulated. -)(2) Designate as titrrp#t, *h"r" the enemy canbe disrupted, delayed, destroyed, or manipulated.(3) Identify other areas that may be used to target theenemy.(4) Identify capabilities of available ground and air

interdiction systems.COACEIING POtrNT: All systems, including those of,higher echelons, should be considered at this point, sincenon-organic systems can be requested to provide assis-tance in targeting.(5) Repeat this process for each mobility corridor andenemy course of action.(6) Recommend the TAI to 53 for targeting.(7) Coordinate with S3 to identify options available atthe TAI and lead time required to exercise options.(8) Determine enemy rate of movement restricted by ter-,"in rrr ues used n thebattlefield area.(9) Determine decision points by comparing lead timerequired to implement a decision against distance and enemyrate of movernent.(10) Post decision points to the overlay and label it the'Secision support template." Figure 2-75 on the next pageshows a decision support template.

PR^dCTICE:a. When personnel can walk through this drill, it is time tocreate new inputs and practice under realistic volume andtime constraints.b. As proficiency is developed, rotate personnel to ensurecross training.c. Inject realisrn to fully test the capabilities and to providesoldier interest in the training. Realistic situations caninclude personnel who are absent due to work or sleep shifts(24-hour operation), and completion of short-notice,command-directed reports and details.2-26

Figure 2-'!4. Event TennPlate.t.>n


18/49

d. The intelligence section must be prepared to operate onthe integrated battlefield by practicing at MOPP-4 prior tomoving to the performance stage.e. Incoming reports should not be considered totally com-plete or accurate. Evaluators should vary input accordingly'PERFORMANCE: When intelligence section personnel canperform all tasks in this drill in a timely and accurate.nurr.r"r, inform the commander or evaluator that the sectionis ready for evaluation or reevaluation.

DECISION SUPPORT TEMPLATE

PROEABLEN EMYOBJ ECIIVE

8mE-H- 3mte!gearce ,qmmex *ei he &pes'ato OnderTASK: Prepare the intelligence annex to the OPORD.C{JE: The intelligence officer directs his section to preparean intelligence annex to the OPORD.STANDARDS: This drill may be performed in conjunctionwith 34-80-5-Drill, Dissemination of Intelligence. The intelli-gence section will extract information from all recordingdevices and use that data to prepare an intelligence annex tothe OPORD. This intelligence annex will contain informationabout enemy forces thai is essential to the conduct of a speci-fied operation.SUPPORTING INDIVIDUAL TASKS: See Appendix A,Individual Task to Drill Matrix.ILLUSTRATIONS: See Figure 2-16 (Format of an Intelli-gence Annex).PERFOR,MANCE MEASURES: Found in the walk-through instructions.SETUP INSTRUCTIONS:a. Resources. Based on TOE 07245J4I0. Other type unitsshould use equipment organic or available to their respectivgunit. (1) Carrier command post, light tracked.(2) Radio set, AN/VRC-90.(3) Radio set, AN/VRC-92.(4) Telephone set, TA-372/PT (2 each).(5) Power supply, vehicle, HYP-57/TSEC.(6) Administrative supplies including acetate, chinamarkers, paper, pens, pencils, masking tape, blank forms,and so forth.(7) SITMAP with appropriate overlays.(B) Applicable reference materials, unit OPORD, intelli-gence estimate, intelligence summaries (INTSUMs), dailystaff journal, and OB holdings.b. Training site. The intelligence section is collocated withthe 53 (operations section) in the BTF TOC. The location ofthe TOC rnust provide for good communications and be near

LEGND

H+- -Time Lire. Time les are developed on doc- lrinel rates ol movemenl as etlecled by lerran 'Key lerra nand weather. Time lines re modified based Non acfual rales ol moveenl.

2-28

Figure 2-15. Decision Support Template.

Moblily corridorsbv prorily ol use

2.29


19/49

routes to higher headquarters' company teams, other subor-in"t" unitl and the TF trains- Built-up areas are goodlocations for the BTF TOC. If built-up areas cannot be used,It " iOC should be located on a evese slope to provide-coverand concealment from enemy ground observation and fire'This drill may also be performed in a garrison environment'c. Section instructions.(1)Arrangetheintelligencesectioninarealisticconfig-urati for fiel operations within a TOC (Figure 2-1)'(2) Ensure that all section personnel have a thoroughundersanding of how to prepare an inteliigence annex to anOPORD.(3) Break the section down into teams to simulate 24-ho.r'' p"rution. Each team will consist of a tearn chief and ateam member.(4) Ensure that the required esources are on hand priorto commencement of training.(5) Use only that equipment authorized bv TOE'TAI-K-T}IROUGT{ INSTRUCTIONS:a. Orientation.(1) The intelligence annex disseminates informationaboui enerny forceJwhich is essential to the conduct of anoperation ..td to give any other necessary intelligence ordersoi guidance for a particular operation. It also serves as a*"irr* for instructing subordinate commanders to acquireinformatior, ,re""ssaty for the conduct of an operation but*fri"f, can only be obiained immediately before or when theoperation itself has begun. The intelligence annex is. not a..rb.tit,.t" for an intelligence collection plan; rather it is away to communicate the taskings or requests of the collectionplan. (2) The intelligence annex is a formal intelligence task-ing document that may accompany an operation plan(OLAN) or OPORD. It should be as brief as possible con-istent with clarity. trts first paragraph is a summary of theenemy situation required to understand the OFLAN orOPORD and may rfer to annotated maps' enenly situationoverlays, or currnt intelligence reports (INTREPs)' Subse-quent paragraphs contain specific collection requirementsnd initructions. Standing operating procedures (SOPs)information should not be repeated in the intelligence annex.The format for an intelligence annex is shown in figures2-16a through 2-16h.2-30

b. Safety. Normal training and equipment safety precau-tions should be observed.c. Demonstration. None.d. Explanation.(1) Use an example of an intelligence annex (Figure2-L6a) to explain the purpose of the annex. Emphasize thatthe intelligence annex is a formal intelligence tasking docu-ment that may accompany an OPLAN or OPORD. It isstandardized and has a more rigid format than otherannexes.(2) Assign each team member to prepare a portion of theintelligence annex. Explain each individual's duties involvedin completing this task. Performance measures outline theresponsibilities of each individual.(3) Conduct a brief back. Have each individual explainhis role in the preparation of the intelligence annex, toinclude the performance steps for which he is responsible.WALK-THROUGFI: Initiating Cue. This drill begins whenthe TOC has been established and the intelligence section isscreening materials and preparing to disseminate intelli-gence information by means of an intelligence annex to theOPORD.

PERFORMANCE MEASUR,ES :1. Team member 1 prepares the draft annex heading with thefollowing data:a. Copy number.b. Issuing headquarters.c. Place ofissue.d. DTG when signed.e. Message reference number.f. OPORD number.g. References.h. Time zone used throughout the order.i. Classification.

2-:lr


20/49

COACHING trOINT: Anheading is shown below.INTEI.LIGENCE ANNEX HEADI NG

rffidffiI(Change from oral orders, if any)Copy4of5Copies1/4 Mech Inl BnzELLE (467r), BUTTANO101900U Sep 458013.Anner A (lntelllgence) to Operatlone Order 24Reference: Map, BUTTANO, Edltlon 2, f :50,000 sheets 204(zELLE-PAGT).Zulu Tlme

example intelligence annex

Figure 2-16a. Format of an lnlelliEence Annex.2. Team chief prepares a draft of paragraph 1, Summary ofnemy Situation (Figure 2-16b).a. Include information about enemy that is essential toimplement the OPI-AN OR OPORD.b. Reference other intelligence documents, if applicable.c. Ensure that referenced documents are made available toall recipients of the annex.COACIIING POINT: The first paragraph of the intel-ligence annex gives a summary of the enemy situationrequired to understand the plan or order. It may refer toannotated maps, enemy situation overlays, or currentintelligence reports. An example of paragraph 1 of theannex is reflected below.

3. Team member 1 prepares a draft of paragraph 2, Intelli-gence Requirements (Figure 2-76c).a. List each PIR in a separate subparagraph.b. State the order of priority of each PIR.c. I-ist information requirements.COACHING FOINT: An example of paragraph 2 ofthe annex is shown below. Paragraph 2 lists the com-mander's PIR and information requirements in priority.

SUMMARY OF EIIEMY STUATIOI1. SUMMARY OF ENEMY SITUATION. See INTSUM, thlsHQ, 1018002 September, and Appendlx 1, SltuatlonOverlay.

r) 1) r)

2. INTELLIGENCE REQLJIREMENTS.a. PlRs.(1) Will enemy reirforce his forces along the FloodRiver before the time of attack? lf so, when, where, and witfiwhat lorces? Special attention to the mechanized regirnentand the mediurn tank neEirnent in vicinity of Burg.(2) Wll enerny ernploy nuclear weapons against us? lfso, when, where, how rnany, of what yields, and by whatdelivery means?b. ln{orrnation requiremenls.(1) V/ll enemy continue to delend in his present posi-tion? lf so, how will he organize his forces on the ground,and with what troops? Special attention to locations andactivities of reserves and vulnerability to nuclear attck.(2) Will enemy attack prior to 1105002 September? lfso, when, where, and in what strength? Special attention tothe axis Hill536-Hill524-CR9841 and TAI 1,2. and 3.

E ruT'E[.tIG ET-I C E RQ [.I I REM EroTs

Figure 2-16b. Format of an lntelligence Annex.

Fgure 2-16c. Forrnat of an lntelligence Annex-4. Team chiefprepares a draft ofparagraph 3, IntelligenceAcquisition Tasks (Figure 2-16d).a. List, by unit, detailed instructions for reports requiredby the issuing headquarters.b. List RtrIs from units not organic or attached.COACI{ING FOINT: Paragraph 3 is used to issueinstructions to subordinate commanders and requests tohigher headquarters to collect information before or dur-ing the initial phase of an operation. An example ofparagraph 3 ofthe annex is on the next page.

z-,1,1


21/49

NTE!-LtGENCE ACQUISET(}N TASKS3. INTELLIGENCE ACQUISITION TASKS.a. Orders to Attached and Subo'dinate Units.(1) Co A.(2) Co B.(a) Report as obtained-

1 Status of conslruction ol defensive posi-tions and minef ields on and to the east of the Flood River.2 Location and size of ammunition storagesites and location, size, and content ol engineer equip-rnent parks.(b) Report as obtained-neEalive reports by1104002 September.1 Activity in medium tank regiment (-) andtank baltalion assembly area in vicinity of Burg.2 Localion and activity of mechanized regi-ment in vicinity of Burg.b. Requesls to Higher, Adjacent, and Cooperatingl-.lnits.(1) 1st Brigade is requested to provide:(a) As obtained-1 Location, size, and type of unit in vicinity ofHll 536 (north of Burg).2 Number, types, direction of movement, andtime of movement of air or surface vehicular traflic withinthe division zone, with special attention to Highway 2.(b) As obtained-Negalive reports by 1104002

September. 1 Location and activity of mechanized regi-ment in vicinity ol Burg.2 Localion and activity of mechanized regi-ment south-est of CR9944.(2) Supporting GSR teams provide inlormationobtainable from radar surveillance of designated NAI/TAl.

5. Team member 1 prepares a draft of paragraph 4, h{easuresfor Handling Personel, Documents, and Materiel (Figure2-I6e).a. Include instructions for handling and segregation ofenemy prisoners of war (EPWs), deserters, repatriates, inhab-itants, and other Persons.b. Include locations of EPW collection points'c. Include instructions for handling and processing cap-tured documents.d. Include instructions for processing (disposition) of cap-tured enemy materiel.COACEIING POINT: Paragraph 4 of the annex con-tains instructions for handling captured personnel, doc-uments, or equiprnent that differ from SOP' An examp'eof paragraph 4 of the annex is shown below'

2,:i.4

Figure 2-16d. Format of an Intelligence Annex.

4. MEASURES FOR I,IA}.DI.NG PERSONNEL, E}OCU-MENTS, AND MATERIE-.a. EPWs, deserter, repatrateoo lnhabltants, and otherperuons wlll be handled per lleld SOP.

b. Captured docunenla wll! e evacuated accordlng tofhe dlvllon SOP wlth one ercepllon: eny document onradlo equlpment, C-E lrequencler of radloc, rsdart' or alr-cralt mut be evacualed lmmedlately through CEIUIchannel.c. Captured malerlel wlll be evscualed per dlvlrlonSOP. Equlpment that l erulceable, uch as trck andenglneer egulpment, may be relalned and ued at thecommander' dlcrellon.

DOCI *lEt{T AND MATERIE.

Figure 2-16e. Format of an lntelligence Annex'6. Team chief prepares a draft of paragraph 5, Documentsand Equipment Required (Figure 2-76.a. List all maps required.b. List aerial photographs required (if applicable)'COACHING POtrNT: Paragraph 5 of the annex liststhe conditions under which certain maps' documents, or

2-35


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equipment required by, or allocated to, units can beotalned or requestea. en example of paragraph 5 of theannex is reflected below.E}@CUffi ENTS A8{E} EQUPMNT REqEJIRED

5. OCI.JMEhT'S AN EQIJPIIENT REQURED.a. Mape. SOF dletrlbutlon of map, BUTTAI{O, 1:50,000'ZE-LE-PAGT.b. Photographlc. Followlng aerlal photographs w!!! beftrnlehed: BUTTANO, Yertlcal coverage.

Figure 2-'|-6. Forrnat of an lntelligence Annex'7. Team member I prepares drafts of paragraph 6, Counter-i"t"fiigu""", and paragraph 7, Reports and Distribution' If;;;;;;;y, includ t ptugttph for other Instructions (Fig-ure 2-169).COA.CHING FOINT: An example of paragraphs 6' 7'and 8 are depicted below.

c@&,NTER!ruTELLGENcE,REP(IRTsNDDsTRlBjTloN'A{D OTI{ER I{STRUCT'ONS6. COUhIT'ERINTELLIGENCE. Soo Appendlr 2, Counter-lnteillgence of lst Brlgade !nlelllgence Arnex'?. REFORTS AND DISTRBIITIOF{. Effectlve'1108002September unlte wl!l aubmlt ltuatlon/status reports(sirneps) lAw battsllon reconralasance end surYell-lance plan.8. OTHER STRUCTIONS (as requlred)'a. Battallon TOC opens vlclnlty of MA 626592 D-day'H + 6 hours.b. Reconralg8ance and Survelllance, Appendlx 2'

d.e.

Distribution.Appendixes.COACHING POtrNT: An example of the closing partof an annex is shown below.

FiEure 2-169. Format of an lntelliEenee Annex'B. Team chief prepares a draft of the closing portion 9f -th".;";;, ili.r-"" ""elopment of appendixes (Figure 2-16h)'a. Acknowledge line.b. Name and rank- of commander'c. Authentication block.

Acknow!edge.

Appendlres:1-Sltuatlon Overlay

I NTELLGENE E ${ N EX C LCIS ?{G

2-Reconnalssance and Survelllance

2-36

Dltrlbutlon: Same as OFORDOFF!CIAL:/e/AI.JSTINAUST!Ns2

Flgure 2-'16h. Format of an lntelliEence Annex (Concluded).9. Team member 1 finalizes the intelligence annex to theOPORD.a. Collect all paragraphs and appendixes ofthe annex.b. Collate them in alphanumeric order.

c. Write or type (or have written or typed) the final draft ofthe annex.d. Proof the annex and make (or have made) any neces-sary changes.e. Provide to team chief for final review.10. Team chief attaches the intelligence annex to theOPORD.a. Review annex for completeness.b. Have annex acknowledged and authenticated.

POWERSLTC

(C"""1f1"rfl"")

t) ,)a


23/49

c. Have appropriate number of copies made.d. Distribute annex in rnost secure and expedient manner.trRACT'ICE:a. When personnel can walk through this battle driil, it istime to create new inputs and practice under realistic volumeand time constraints.b. As section members develop proficiency, rotate person-nel to ensure cross training.c. Inject realism to fully test the capabilities of each soldierand to maintain soldier interest in the training- Realisticsituations include personnel who are absent due to work orsleep shifts (24-hour operation), and completion of short-notice, command-directed reports and details.d. The intelligence section must be prepared to operate onthe integrated batttefield by practicing at MOPP-4 prior tomoving to the performance stage.e. Incoming reports should not be considered totally corr,-plete or accurate. Evaluators shouid vary input accordingly.PERFORMANCE: When intelligence section personnel canperform all tasks in this drill in a timely and accurate-anner, inform the commander or evaluator that the sectionis ready for evaluation or reevaluation.

Battalion Rec@nnassance and SurveillancePlannlngTASK: Prepare a reconnaissance and surveillance (R&S)plan.CUE: The intelligence officer directs his section to preparean R&S plan to support the unit's mission.STANDARDS: No prior drills are required. The inteligencesection (S2) will develop an R&S plan thai describes allassets used in information collection. A completed plan willstrongly influence the accuracy and timeliness of intelligenceproducts.SUPPORTING INDIVIDUAL TASKS: See Appendix A,Individual Task to Driil Matrix.ILLUSTRATIONS: See Figures 2-1 (Organization of a TOCArea) and 2-17 (Battalion Reconnaissance and SurveillanceOverlay).PERFORMANCE MEASURES: Found in the walk-through instructions.SETUP INSTR,UCTIONS:a. Resources. Based on table of TOE 07245J4I0- Other typeunits should use equipment organic or available to theirrespective units.(1) Carrier command post, light tracked.(2) Radio Set, AN/VRC-9O.(3) Radio Set, AN/VRC-92.(4) Telephone Set, "I^-3I2/P"f (2 each).(5) Power Supply, vehicle, HYP-57ITSEC.(6) Administrative supplies including acetate, chinamarkers, paper, pens, pencils, masking tape, blank forms,and so forth.(7) Map board with maps (appropriate scale).(B) Applicable reference materials, unit OPORD, intelli-gence estimate, terrain studies, weather forecast, climatologystudies, and current OB holdings.

DRILL 4a

2-38

#

2-39


24/49

(9) Unit R&S SOP.(10) Other TOE equipment, as necessary.b. Training site. The 52 is collocated with the 53 (opera-tion section) in the BTF TOC. The iocation of the TOC mustprovide for good communications and be near routes tohigher headquarters, company teams, other subordinateunits, and the BTF trains. Built-up areas are good locationsfor the BTF TOC. If built-up areas cannot be used, the TOCshouid be located on a reverse slope to provide cover and con-cealment from enemy ground observation and fire. This drillmay also be performed in a garrison environment.c. Section instructions:(1) Arrange the 52 in a realistic configuration for fieldoperations within a TOC (Figure 2-1).(2) Ensure that all section personnel have a thoroughunderstanding of the R&S Plan.(3) Break the section down into teams to simulate 24-hour operation. Each team will consist of a team chief and ateam member.(4) Ensure that the required resources are on hand priorto commencement of training.(5) Use only that equipment authorized bv TOE.T'A I-K-TT{RO{JGF{ INSTRUCTIONS :a. Orientation. R&S pians provide a systematic watch overthe battlefield and early warning of enemy activity, targetsfor fire and maneuver and, most importantly, information tosatisfy the commander's PIR and information requirements.(1) Reconnaissance is undertaken to collect informationby visual or other detection means. It is characterized by itsdirection toward coverage of one or more specific targetareas. The reconnaissance mission may be developed fromcues indicating that an area contains information of intelli-gence value, or because current or planned operations requiredetailed coverage of a specified area.(2) Surveillance is the systematic observation of aero-space, surface, or subsurface areas, places, persons, or thingsby visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means.Surveillance is characterized by wide coverage of a target

area and by repetition. It is normally used to gain informa-tion from the aforementioned areas over a long period of timeto note any changes that take place. Surveillance missionsare normally preplanned and are particularly suited to coverlarge areas rapidly and repetitively; minimize risk to the col-lector; observe or detect changes on the enemy side of theI'LOT; and cue other collectors for more detailed coverage'(3) The collection effort at brigade and battalion level ismanaged using the same 5-function analytical collectionmanagement process used at division and higher echelons'However, at brigade and battalion, the products of the collec-tion management cycle are a gtaphlgR&S oveJlay with writ-ten or oral instructions. To t63Glif,Tffirmal written-outrequirements analysis on the collection plan and the assetevaluation sheets are not prepared; rather this process iscognitive. Additionally, you should understand that long-range planning is conducted at division and higher echelons,while brigade and battalion planning normally involvesevents that wilt occur within a few hours.

(4) Normally R&S planning at brigade and battalion -levels consists of an overlay depicting assets, areas coveredand accompanying instructions. The brigade supplies its bat-talions with an overlay depicting battalion zones for recon-naissance and mission tu"ki.tg. ePicting asset dePloYment andasset tasking. (Figure 2-I7 on the next page shows a battal-ion R&S overlay.) BTF R&S overlays are then compiled atbrigade, with brigade asset plans to create the overall bri-gade R&S plan. Once this plan is created, gaps in coveragere identified and resolved by further taskings or, possibly,RII are sent to brigade. When time does not permit the crea-tion of overlays, battalions use fragmentary orders (FRA-GOs) for tasking and control.

2-40 2-4r


25/49

BATTAN.ION R&S PLAN

^ ^,{'^?lIIiA.BI

Bn R&S PlanLegendMap sheet name(s):Map eheet number(s):Map serles:Map Scale:Prepared by:E

INSTRUCTIONS:-@itovlde lwo lhree-m8n oPs and eltabllsh contlnuous sur-velllanc ol NAls 2 and 3 from Op 1 and 2 NLT 2306002. Coordlnateroules to/lrom OP wlth FSO. falggl. Fnglneers cleerlng obstacle (NA!3), recon (BRDMT) at NAt 2. -_Team B: Proylde ona seyen-man patrol to conducl a roule rocon ofrre Gr-trt 23O5OOZ. Conduct surveiltance of NAt 20 trom 2306002TO 2307002. Target: Artlltery battery porlilons.

-lggilstabllsh screen ilne trom NBO2O2O5 ro NBO23f 56 NLT23O7O0z. Coordlnate screen llne wlth Team A.

O - polnt NAI

b. Safety. Normal typ.*g#"quipment safety precau-tions should be olsefied._/c. D-errstration. None.d. Explanation.(1) Use an iliustration of the R&S overlay (Figure 2-17)to talk through the procedure for completing the R&S plan'Explain the purpose of each step and ensure that all person-nel understand the relationship between each step-(2) Assign each team member to a specific duty positionwithin'the 52 and explain the duties of that position to eachindividual. Performance measures outline the responsibilitiesof each individual.(3) Conduct a brief back. Have each individual explainhis role in the battle drill, to include the performance stepsfor which he is responsible.\ryALK-T[IR.O[JGH: Initiaiing Cue. This drill begins whenthe TOC has been established and the 52 has received bri-gade collection requirements, the commander's PIR andinformation requirements, and the S3's essential elernents offriendlyinformation(EEFI).Ananalysisofthebattlefield>area (AO / area of intelest) has been performed and a current !.it.ruE-pil-ITMAP is posted. )PER,FORMANCE MEASUR,ES1. Receive and anayze requirements. Team chief receives,analyzes, and prioritizes the PIRs, information requirements,and EEFLCOACHING POINT: This is a mental process.Initially it may be helpful for the team to record all of itsanalyses. As the team members practice and becomemore proficient, they should be able to perform allactions mentally.a. Check to see if the information required is readily avail-able in the current data base.b. Determine indicators by identifying those enemy activi-ties or characteristics of the AO that answer the PIRs andinformation requirements. The determination of indicators isbased on those characteristics that reflect-(l) Normal doctrinal activity and disposition.(2) Aciivity required for a particular course of action.

vJ

3. Coordlnate all movemenl and poslllons wlth Teams B and C. Target:BMPs ardT62s movlng soulh on MC 1, enrure your coverage ertends oulto NB 080350.Acllons on conlacl/obslacles: Ae per Bn TAC SOp.Reporlr: All assets rporl on the Bn command nel unill 0g00 thenchange lo the ecout net. Repo!'t lnlllsl contact a ..FLASH," olher reportsper SOP.DISTRIBUTION:Teams A, B, C, Company D, Scout pLT, S3/FSO, Brtgade 52.

Q\ mobltrycorrldor

GSR: Erlabllsh postttons 1 rnd 2 NLT 23O2OOZ. O/o estsbilsh postilon

area NAI

IJr" ',12

Figure 2-17. Baltalion Reconnaissance and SurveillanceOverlay.

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,(

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(3) Activity within enemy capabilities and limitations.(4) Possible or practicable operations.(5) Collection characteristics.(6) Identification of target characteristics.COACI{ING POINT: Encourage section members touse event templates to help decide where and when tolook, and for what indicators.c. Determine specific information requirements (SIRs) bytranslating the indicators into specific missions. SIRs are thebasic questions that need to be answered to confirm or denythe existence of an indicator.d. Evaluate the SIRs and PIRs based on the time sensitiv-ity. Consider:

(1) Time necessary to assign the indicator to an R&Sasset.(2) Time necessary to collect and report the information.(3) Time necessary to disseminate the resulting inteiligence to meet the needs of the commander.(4) Time needed by the commander to react to theinformation.(5) Mobility of the target.e. Determine reporting requirements of each SIR.(1) Specify when, where, and in what detail the informa-tion is to be reported.(2) Determine if the commander needs the informationby a specified time, or upon the occurrence of a specific event.(3) Determine if the information should be reported pe-riodically or if periodic negative reports are required.(4) Report combat information as soon as it is collected,using the most direct means available.2. Team member 1 determines R&S resource capability andavailability to collect against each SIR.a. Consider the following factors when determiningresource capability to collect information.(1) Range. How far from the target can the resource beand still collect effectively against it?

(2) Timeliness. f)oes the asset have the capabiity to col-lect and report in time to meet the commander'srequirements?(3) Technical characteristics. Does the resource have theequipment to collect what you want? (A ground surveillancera"r (GSR) cannot distinguish self-propelled artillerv from ttanks except when they are within visual range') (4) Environment (weather and terrain)' How willweather and terrain afiect the resource's collection capa- Rbility? (GSR capabilities are reduced in heavy precipitation)' t\(5) Enemy. How will enemy forces affect the resource's : rcollection "upbihty? (Mounted patrols required to recon- ,I {noiter through enemy positions will be easily identified and . s \engaged') ,' ^, " r --^ L^+:*^^^+ ^* ^^l^^+.i^ $-Rb. Compare assets to factors that impact on selection'B. Team chief coordinates with the SB to ensure compatibilit, $with the BTF gqmmandfS -q.ch{ne*o*fuga+euYgr and the \-^tasked unit's primary mission.

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a. R&S esouces assigned to support the BTF include (for trefer6'ffi4-80, pages 2-1 through 2-15):(2) Scout platoons (perform screens and zone, area androute reconnaissance).(3) GSR and remotelv emploved sensors (REMS)'(4) Artillery latget acquisition resources'(5) Observation posts (OPs) and patrols - * ('/(6) Engineer platoon assets.-r Lf ,* -tq "7 fui*$dt.,b. Determine time criticality of ,eqoi,emet'tJ 'Obiu)ct(1) If a formal plan cannot be created, individual collec-tion resources are tasked using FRAGOs.(2) If time is available, create a graphic plan withinstructions and tasks.COACHING POINT: Once the team has demon-strated its proficiency in creating a graphic-R&S^plan,the team should be tiained to disseminate the R&Steqrrirem"nts in a time critical scenario where the use ofFI{AGO's replaces the issuance of graphic plans'

(1) Maneuver comPanies.

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4. Team member 1 constructs the R&S overlay. As a min-imum, the R&S overlay will include three sections (see Figure2-77).a. Administrative data for the overlav that includes:(1) Registration marks (at least 2).(2) Classification at the top and bottom of ihe overlay.(3) Overlay title.(4) Map sheet name(s).(5) Map sheet number(s).(6) Map series.(7) Map scale.(8) Prepared By:(9) Legend.b. A graphic display of deployed R&S assets that depicts:(1) Number, location, and parent unit of listening post(LF)or OP.(2) Patrol routes, start point (SP), release point (RF), andcheckpoints.(3) Scout screen lines; boundaries ofreconnaissancez o n e s,/ ar ffi ilcf T&-ti o n s.left andffil'-mission, an(monitor or general search).(4) GSR primarv, alternate(5) REMS locations (strings or fields).(6) Engineer reconnaiss.nce missions (where required).-f v


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e. The 52 must be prepared to operate on the integratedbattlefield by practicing at MOPP-4 prior to moving to theperformance stage.f. Incoming reports should not be considered totally com-pete or accurate. Evaluators should vary input accordingly.PERFORMANCE: When 52 personnel can perform alltasks in this drill in a timely and accurate manner, informthe commander or evaluator that the section is ready for eval-uation or reevaluation.

tlRl[-E- 4btsrlgade Recomnaissarce ard SurveillancePlannimgTASK: Prepare an R&S PIan.CUE: The intelligence officer directs his section to preparean R&S plan to support the unit's mission'STANDARS: No prior drilis are required' The intelligencesection (S2) will develop an R&S plan that describes allassets used in information collection. A completed plan willstrongly influence the accuracy and timeliness of intelligenceproducts.SUPPORTING INDMDIJAL TASKS: See Appendix A,Individual Task to Drili Matrix'IX-LUSTRATIONS: See Figures 2-1 (Organizaton of a TOCArea), 2-18 (Brigade Initial Reconnaissance and surveillanceOverlay), and' 2-79 (Brigade Consolidated Reconnaissanceand Surveillance OverlaY).PERFORMAI'JCE MEASUR,S: Found in the walk-through instructions.SETUP INSTR,UCTIONS:a. Resources. Based on TOE 07245J470' Other type unitsshould use equipment organic or available to their respectiveunits.(1) Carrier command post, light tracked'(2) Radio Set, AN,/VRC-9O.(3) Radio Set, AN,/VRC-92.(4) Telephone Set, TA-312/PT (2 each).(5) Power Supply, vehicle, HYP-57lTSEC'(6) Administrative supplies including acetate, chinamarkers, paper, pens, pencils, masking tape, blank forms,and so forth.(7) Map board wiih maps (appropriate scale)'(B) Applicable reference materials, unit OPORD, intelli-gence estimate, terrain studies, weather forecast, climatologystudies, and current OB holdings.

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(9) Unit R&S SOP.(10) Other TOE equipment, as necessary.b. Training site. The 52 is collocated with the 53 (opera-tion section) in the BTF TOC. The location of the TOC mustprovide for good communications and be near routes tohigher headquarters, company teams, other subordinateunits, and the BTF trains. Built-up areas are good locationsfor the BTF TOC. If built-up areas cannot be used, the TOCshould be located on a reverse slope to provide cover and con-cealment from enemy ground observation and fire. This drillmay also be performed in a garrison environment.c. Section instructions:(1) Arrange the 52 in a realistic configuration for fieldoperations within a TOC (Figure 2-1).(2) Ensure that all section personnel have a thoroughunderstanding of the brigade R&S overlays. Figure 2-18 onthe next page shows a brigade initial R&S overlay. Figure2-1-9 on page 2-52 shows a brigade consolidated R&S overlay.(3) Break the section down into teams to simulate 24-hour operation. Each team will consist of a team chief and ateam member.(4) Ensure that the required resources are on hand priorto commencement of training.(5) Use only that equipment authorized by TOE.

01BRGAE !NT8AL R&S @\dERtAV

2-50

g R&S Pl.nLogandMrp.he.l n.mc(t):map rh..l nubo,(r):Mrp r.lg.:Mtp !cal.:Praprod by:( t , -polnlNAl

NSTRUCTIOI"IS: | 18TF 3-29: Ettabllsh contlnuous Burvelllance ol NAI 3 and MC 1 Nl-T2306002. Targel: Enemy MRCa (BMFs w/T52e) movlng sorth on MC 1and englneere clearlng obslacles at NAI 3. Esllmate screen fromN8020205 to N8023156 NLT 230702.

2-51 INF: Establlrh contlnuou survelllance of NAI 5 and MC 2 NLT2306002 and esllmate contacl wllh elements of 521D al conlact polnts Iand 7 NLT 2305002. Targel: Enemy MRCo (BMPa w/T62s) on MC 2 andrecon (BRDMa) al NAI 5.TF 3-51: Establlsh conllnuous suryelllance of poselble LZ at NAI 8NLT 2302002. Targel: Alrmoblle lndlng (mlle-8 and mlle-24).

Reports: As per Bde TAC SOP.Other assets aYallable:

- Tm A/205 Ml: Prlorlty of ESM/ECM lo Bn-Regl nels lor enemyon MC 2.- 2-17 FA (MPO-36): Submlt requesls lor consolldatlon NLT

- AeroScoul Pll: Submlt requesls for consolldaton NLT- D/2-59 ADA (FAAR): Prlorlly ol gearch to MC 2 and alr MC 6.DISTRIBUTION: TF 3-29; 2-51 INF; TF 3-51; S2,2-17 FA; D/2-59ADA; AeroScout Plt; 53/FSO; G2 2AD.

f--a--tl - lro NAI- Mgitt-"\ - moblllly-----J corrldort^K: " -ltrmobttttyf- cot.ldorP't-Jr,t' 1v i-i'-''

Figure 2-18. Brigade lnitial Reconnaissance and SurveillanceOverlay.

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BRIGAE}E CONSO.I DATE} R&5 OI/ERLAV

LegendMap rheet name{o):Map eheel number(a):Map oerlec:Mop rcale:Prepared by:

Figure 2-19. Brigade Consoldated Reconnassance andSurveillance Overlay.TALK-T}IROUGTI INSTRUCTtrONS :a. Orientation. R&S plans provide a systematic watch overthe battlefield and early warning of enemy activity, targetsfor fire anC maneuver and, most importantly, information tosatisfy the commander's PIRs and information requirements.(1) Reconnaissance is undertaken to collect informationby visual or other detection means. It is characterized by itsdirection toward coverage of one or more specific targetareas. The reconnaissance mission may be developed fromcues indicating that an area contains information of intelli-gence value, or because current or planned operationsrequired detailed coverage of a specified area.(2) Surveillance is the systematic observation of aero-space, surface, or subsurface areas, places, persons, or things

by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means'Surveiilance is characterized by wide coverage of a targetarea and by repetition. It is normally used to gain informa-tion from the aforementioned aeas over a long period of timeto note any changes that take place' Surveillance missionsare normally preplanned and are particularly suited to coverlarge areas rapidly and repetitively; minimize risk to the col-Iector; observe or detect changes on the enemy side of theFI-OT; and cue other collectors for more detailed coverage'(3) The collection effort at brigade and battalion level ismanaged using the sarne 5-function analytical coLlectionmanagement process used at division and higher echelons'Ho*ever, at brigade and battalion, the products of the collec-tion rnanagement cycle are a graphic R&S overlay with writ-ten or oral instructions. To this end, the formal written-outrequirements analysis on the collection plan and the assetevluation sheets are not prepared; rather this process iscognitive. Additionally, you should understand that long-,^.rg" planning is conducted at division and higher echelons,whiie brigade and battalion planning norrnally involvesevents that will occur within a few hours.(4) Normatty R&S planning at brigade and battalionIevels consists of an overlay depicting assets, areas coveredand accompanying instructions. The brigade supplies its bat-talions with an overlay depicting battalion zones for recon-naissance and mission tasking. Battalions translate brigaderequirements into an overlay depicting asset deployment andasset tasking (see Figure 2-17). BTF R&S overlays are thencompiled at brigade, with brigade asset plans to create theoverall brigade R&S plan. Once this plan is created, gaps incoverage are identified and resolved by further taskings or,possibly, RII are sent to division. When time does not permitthe creation of overlays, brigades use FRAGOs for taskingand control.b. Safety. Normal training and equipment safety precau-tions should be observed.c. Demonstration. None.d. Explanation.(1) Use an illustration of the R&S overlav (Figure 2-19)to talk through the procedure for completing the R&S plan.

- polnt NAI- rea NAI-itc-\- moblllty-----J corrtdors

#l'-'"rrmobttttyf;- corrldor

o troL.L 2-53


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Explain the purpose of each step and ensure that atrl person-neiunderstut d th. relationship between each step'(2) Assign each team member to a specific duty positionwithin the Sf and explain the duties of that position to 9?:lindividual. Performance measures outline the responsibilitiesof each individual.(3) Conduct a brief back. Have each individual explainhis role in the battle drili, to include the performance stepsfor which he is resPonsible'WAI.K-THROUGII:InitiatingCue.Thisdrillbeginswhenthe TOC has been established and the 52 has received divi-sion collection requirements, the commander's PtrRs andinformation requirements, and the S3's EEFI' An analysis ofthe battlefield rea (AO/area of interest) has been performedand a current situation template or SITMAP is posted'PERFORMANCE MEASURES1. Receive and analyze requirements' Team chief receives'analyzes, and prioritizes the PIRs, information requirements'and EFI.COACIIING POINT: This is a mental process'Initiatly it may be helpful for the team to record all of itsanalyss. As the team members practice and becomemore proficient, they should be able to perform allactions mentallY.a. check to see if the information required is readily avail-able in the current data base.b. Determine indicators by identifying those enemy activities or characteristics of the AO that answer the PIRs andinfor*ation requirements. The determination of indicators isbased on those characteristics that reflect-(1) Normal doctrinal activity and disposition'(2) Activity required for a particular course of action'(3) Activity within enemy capabilities and limitations'(4) Possible or practicable operations'(5) Collection characteristics'(6) Identification of target characteristics'

COACHING POINT: Encourage section members touse event templates to help decide where and when tolook, and for what indicators.c. Determine SIRs by translating the indicators into spe-cific missions. SIRs are the basic questions that need to beanswered to confirm or deny the existence of an indicator'd. Evaluate the SIRs and PIRs based on the time sensitivi-ty. Consider:(1) Time necessary to assign the indicator to an R&Sasset.(2) Time necessary to collect and report the information'(3) Time necessary to disseminate the resulting intelli-gence to meet the needs of the commander.(4) Time needed by the commander to react to theinformation.(5) Mobility of the target.e. Determine reporting requirements of each SIR.(1) Specify when, where, and in what detail the informa-tion is to be reported.(2) Determine if the commander needs the informationby a specified time, or upon the occurrence of a specific event'(3) Determine if the information should be reportedperiodically or if periodic negative reports are required'(4) Report combat information as soon as it is collected,using the most direct means available.2. Team member 1 determines R&S resource capability andavailability to coilect against eaci- SIR.a. Consider the following factors when determiningresource capabiiity to collect information.(1) Range. How far from the target can the resource beand still collect effectively against it?(2) Timeliness. Does the asset have the capability to col-lect and report in time to meet the commander'srequirements?(3) Technical characteristics. Does the resource have theequipment to collect what you want? (Artillery radars cannotdistinguish type of artillery unit firing.)

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(4) Environment (weather and terrain)' How willweather and terrain affect the resource's collection capabil-ity? (Aerial scout capabilities are reduced in heavyprecipitation.)(5) Enemy. How wiil enemy forces affect the resource'scollection capability? (A mounted patrol required to recon-noiter through enemy positions will be easily identified andengaged.)b. Compare assets to factors that impact on selection'3. Team chief assigns collection requirernents (SIR) to bri-gade R&S esources. Assignments are coordinated with theS3 to ensure compatibility with the brigade scheme ofmaneuver and other brigade requirements-

COACIIING POIITT: Brigades do not identifv andtask battalion assets to cover individual brigade SIRs.Instead, the maneuver battaiion as a whole is con-sidered a brigade "asset" and assigned an R&S zone ofaction which may include severaL collection require-ments. Brigades may, however, assign specific missionsto BTFs such as the establishment of a screen line' Thisstill leaves the BTF the flexibility to manage its ownassets within the guidance (see Figure 2-19).a. Brigade R&S resources include (for reference' seeFM 34-80, pages 2-15 through2-25):(1) Maneuver battalions.(2) Artillery target acquisition resources and artilleryradars.(3) Ensineer and military police (MP) assets.(4) Aerial scouts.(5) Mititary intelligence (MI) battalion/Ml cornpanvelements (based on support relationships).b. Determine time criticality of requirernents.(1) If a formal plan cannot be created, individual coliec-tion resources are tasked using FRAGOs-(2) Iftime is available, create a graphic plan withinstructions and tasks.COACHIh{G FOII'{T: Once the team has dernon-strated its proficiency in creating a graphic R&S plan,2-56

the team should be trained to disseminate the R&Srequirements in a time critical scenario where the use ofFRAGOs replaces the issuance of graphic plans.4. Team member 2 constructs the initial brigade R&S over-lay. As a minimum, the R&S overlay will include four sec-tions (see Figure 2-18).a. Administrative data for the overlay that includes:(1) Registration marks (at least 2).(2) Classification at the top and bottom of the overlay.(3) Overlay title.(4) Map sheet name(s).(5) Map sheet number(s).(6) Map series.(7) Map scale.(8) Prepared By:(9) Legend.b. Graphic display of resource zones of responsibility toinclude:(1) BTF boundaries.(2) Limits of zones of responsibilities.(3) Collection requirements (NAIs, mobility corridors, orother areas that the BTF must cover).c. Collection resource instruction which will include:(1) Mission tasking or SIRs to be collected by BTF.(2) Reporting instructions.COACHING POINT: Instructions to collection re-sources may also appear in the intelligence annex to theOPORD, or may be written separately in 5-paragraphorder and attached to the R&S overlay. R&S overlaysare routinely included as an annex to the intelligenceannex to the OPORD.d. A distribution list (provided by the team chie.COACHING POINT: Brigade should maintain onecopy of this initial R&S plan which will be used to com-pile BTF R&S plans in the next step.

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5. Team chief compiles and evaluates battalion R&S plansand determines gaps in coverage.a. BTF R&S plans are compiled into one master brigadeR&S ptan. Brigade initial R&S plan is used to compile BTFR&S plans. The following items are compiled and added tothe brigade initial overlay (see Figure 2-18).(1) BTF asset deployments to include:(a) Scout screen lines on location.(b) Patrol routes, SPs, RPs, and checkpoints.(c) Locations of LPs,/OPs.(d) GSR primary, alternate, and subsequent loca-tions, and left and right scan limits.(e) REMS locations (strings on fields).(f Engineer reconnaissance missions (whererequired).(2) A graphic display ofbrigade controlled assets areadded to cover gaps in battalion R&S plans and/or to extendthe depth of brigade coverage. At a minimum this will

include: (a) Asset location.(b) Routes, SPs, RPs, and checkpoints.(3) Instructions to brigade controlled assets.b. Any gaps that are identified and that cannot be coveredby adjusting battalion assets and/or by brigade assets arerouted and referred to division as an RII.c. Plan is coordinated with brigade staff to ensure thatsupport requirements are coordinated6. Team member 1 coordinates with and provides the R&Soverlay to-a. Brigade R&S assets attached from division (for exam-ple, aerial scouts).b. s3.c. FSO.d. Engineer platoon leader.e. Division G2.

7. Team chiefevaluates reports received from collectionassets. Reviews reports for:a. Timeliness. Compare the time the event occurred to thetime the event was reported.b. Content. Check to see that reporting follows the guide-Iines established in the plan.c. Responsiveness. Ensure that the information is beingreported in time to effect the cornmander's operations.8. Team chief uses reports to answer SIRs, informationrequirements, and PIRs and when requirements are estab-lished and process started again.FRACTICE:a. Brigade R&S SOPs shouid be established or refined tominimize the time necessary for a full R&S plan to be devei-oped. For example: A brigade defensive R&S SOP couid statethat battalions were responsible for creating their pians outto the first major terrain feature or out to the 15 kilometerrnark, whichever is farther.b. When personnel can walk through this drill, it is time tocreafe new inputs and practice under realistic volume andtime constraints.c. As proficiency is developed, rotate personnel to ensurecross training.d. Inject realism to fully test the capabilities of the sectionand to maintain soldier interest in the training. Realisticsituations can include personnel who are absent due to workand sleep shifts (24-hour operations), and completion of short-notice, command-directed reports and details.e. The 52 must be prepared to operate on the integratedbattlefield by practicing at MOPP-4 prior to moving to theperformance stage.f. Incoming reports should not be considered totally com-plete or accurate. Evaluators should vary input accordingly.PERFORMANCE: When 52 personnel can perform aIItasks in this dritl in a timely and accurate manner, informthe commander or evaluator that the section is ready for eval-uation or reevaluation.

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RELL SBrEefimg/Trmsmttetg bY RadE

TA,SK: Disseminate intelligence and combat informationthrough a briefing or transmitting over a radio.CUE: The intelligence officer directs his section to dissemi-nate intelligence and combat information.STANARDS: No prior drills are required. The 52 willconduct a briefing, in conjunction with other staff members,ffi commander to adopt a specific course ofaction based on the unit's contingency mission. The briefingwill follow the intellieence estimate format and willbe basedon snot reporffirlgence u,,,ffiTionffie value to higher headquarters. An INTSUMwill then be prepared.SUPPORTING INMDUAL TASKS: See Appendix A,Individual Task to Drill Matrix.ILI-UST'RATIONS: None.PERF ORMANCE MEASURES: Found in the walk-through instructions.SETUP INSTRUCTtrONS:a. Resources. Based on TOE 07245J4I0' Other type unitsshould use equipment organic or available to their respectiveunits.(1) Carrier command post, light tracked.(2) Radio Set, AN,/VRC-9O.(3) Radio Set, AN,/VRC-92.(4) Telephone Set, TA-312/PT (2 each).

(5) Power Supply, vehicle, IIYP-57/TSEC.(6) Administrative supplies including ace!'ate, chinamarkers, pape, pens, pencils, masking tape, blank forms,and so forth.(7) Map board with maps (appropriate scale).(B) Appticable reference materials, unit OPOR, intelli-gence estimate, terrain studies, weather forecast, climatologystudies, and current Ots holdings.(9) Other TOE equipment, as necessary.2-60

b. Training site. The 52 is collocated with the 53 (opera-tions section) in the BTF TOC. The location of the TOC mustprovide for good communications and be near routes tohigher headquarters, company teams, other subordinateunits, and the BTF trains. Built-up areas are good locationsfor the BTF TOC. If built-up areas cannot be used, the TOCshould be located on a reverse slope to provide cover and con-cealment from enemy ground observation and fire. This drillmay also be performed in a garrison environment..c. Section instructions:(1) Arrange the 52 in a realistic configuration for fieldoperations within a TOC (Figure 2-1).(2) Ensure that all section personnel have a thoroughunderstanding of recording devices and procedures.(3) Break the section down into teams to simulate 24-hour operation. Each team will consist of a team chief and ateam member.(4) Ensure that the required resources are on hand priorto commencement of training.

(5) Use only that equipment authorized by TOE.TALK-THROUGH INSTRUCTIONS:a. Orientation.(1) Intelligence must be reported in a manner whichpermits its ready use. There are several ways to disseminatecombat information and intelligence. The methods mostcommonly used at the battalion level are described below.Corirbat information is passed by the most direct means pos-sible from the collector to the user. These means vary accord-ing to the nature, location, and echelon of the prospectiveuser and the urgency of the information. Intelligence may bedisseminated electronically, by written means, or oraliy.(2) Intettigence information is disseminated to higher,lower, and adjacent units based on the time available for dis-semination and the units' need for it. Listed below are thebasic reports,/documents prepared by brigades and battal-ions. These reports may be disseminated orally, in a briefing,transmitted over the radio, or in written form.(a) Spot report. One-time reports used to transmitinformation or intelligence of an immediate value.

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(b) Intelligence estimate' An examination of intelli-gence fu"t.., *"ut=h.r, enemy' and terrain, that affect mis-ior, .""o-plishment. IJsuaIIy written at division or higherand briefeat brigade and battalion'(c) Inteltigence annex' Intelligence document con-taining information on enemy forces and formal intelligencetaskinls. Usually accompanies the OPLAN or OPORD'(d) Situation report (SITREP)' Used to report infor-mation about the currenl tactical situation, friendly andenemy. (e) INTSUM. A brief summary of intelligencegathered over a specified period of time'(f) Patrol reports. Written by the 52 after the verbaldebrief of a patrol.(e) FRAGO. A modification to orders, used to brieflvdisseminate instructions.(3) The reports listed above are outlined in FM 34-3'Chapt 8. Thi; drill is designed for the preparation of anoralntelligence estimate; however, any of the other reportsmay be substituted.(4) The intelligence estimate is a logical and orderlyexamination of the intelligence factors affecting missionaccomplishment' It provides the commander with an analy-sis of the AO, enemy strength, and capabilities that caninfluencehismission.Theintelligencestaffbriefingfollowsthe format of the intelligence estimate'

(5) The staff briefing is the most widelv uigd tvpe of.militlv briefing. In the staff briefing, the intelligence off^iceris calle on to piesent information pertinent to his area ofresponsiitity. The presentation of the staff briefing is vital,sine it culminates i., r "ottt*und decision to adopt a specificor,,r." of action. Each member of the intelligence section ispersonally responsible for ensuring tat all useful processedrt"lfig"" utrd combat information has been incorporatedinto the briefing.b. Safety. Normal training and equipment safety precau-tions should be observed.c. Demonstration. None-d. Explanation.

(1) Use a formal briefing checklist to expain how toorganize and develop the briefing. Explain the purpose of thebriefing. Emphasize that the briefing must be accurate, thor-ough, and detailed. Explain the information used as input tothe briefing. Tell all section members where the informationcan be obtained when it is needed.(2) Assign each team member to prepare a portion of theintelligence estimate. Explain each individual's dutiesinvolved in completing the assignment. Performance mea-sures outline the responsibilities of each individual.(3) Conduct a brief back. Have each individual expiainhis role in the battle drill, to include the performance stepsfor which he is responsible.\ryALK-TIROUGII: Initiating Cue. This drill begins whenthe TOC has been esta