research design
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Research design. H ow to conduct good investigation in social sciences. Albu Iulian Alexandru. First of we need a Design. But what is a Design ?. Design. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
How to conduct good investigation in social sciences
RESEARCH DESIGN
Albu Iulian Alexandru
FIRST OF WE NEED A DESIGN
But what is a Design ?
Is a strategy that directs a researcher in planning and implementing a study in a way that is most likely to achieve the intended goal
DESIGN
Every research project has an implicit or explicit logic that provides the framework for the research and guides the
research strategy.
It is the plan, the structure and the strategy of the investigation, so conceived as to obtain answers to research
questions or problems
RESEARCH DESIGN
There are thus two functions of research design: first, to develop or conceptualize an operational plan and the second, to ensure that the procedures adopted within the plan are adequate to provide valid, objective and accurate solutions to the research problems. Usually the researcher has limited funds and limited time to do the research.
FACTS
There are two main ways of viewing the process of research :
THE RESEARCH TYPES
• Wheel model
• Linear model
The first stage consists of deciding on the topic of the research project, specifying its scope, developing hypotheses to explain its working, and developing a conceptual framework or model showing the relationships between the different hypotheses and variables the researcher wishes to investigate.
It includes all the thinking and theorizing that has to be done before the empirical work can begin.
THE LINEAR MODEL
Theoryspecificatio
nand the
developmentof
hypotheses
Dataspecificatio
n
Datacollection
Dataanalysis
Publication
LINEAR MODEL
The second stage consists of deciding what kinds of data are appropriate for answering the research questions,
testing the hypotheses or investigating the accuracy of the model.
Depend on the naturę of the research problem but also on the kinds of data that are available and that can be
generated and collected.
DATA SPECIFICATION
This stage is the actual process of collecting the data.
DATA COLECTION
Once the data has been collected, it needs to be coded so that analysis of the results can take place more efficiently.
CODING
The analysis of data is never as straightforward as might be thought.
DATA ANALYSIS
The final stage of research is the publication of the results. This usually occurs in the form of a report, academic papers
or a book.
PUBLICATION
THE LINEAR MODEL SUMMARY
In the research process as wheel, the researcher follows a not dissimilar set of steps to the linear model but may
repeat some of the steps
The research process can thus be shown as a large circle containing internal circles.
THE RESEARCH WHEEL
MORE
PONYS
Experimental design a research design that eliminates all factors that influence outcome except for the cause being
studied (independent variable). All other factors are controlled by randomization, investigator-controlled
manipulation of the independent variable, and control of the study situation by the investigator, including the use of
control groups.
Experiments arę widely considered to be the best way of determining cause and effect in scientific research.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
As experiments are so difficult to carry out in real life, social scientists have adopted cross-sectional design as one
of their most popular research designs. Cross-sectional design involves the collection of information on a large
number of cases at a single point in time.
CROSS-SECTIONAL DESIGN
Longitudinal design a research strategy in which one or more group(s) of subjects in various stages of development
are examined simultaneously with the intent of inferring trends over time. The assumption is that the phenomenon
under study progresses with time.
The major limitation of cross-sectional design is that it is unable to explain change over time.
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
Case study design an investigation strategy involving extensive exploration of a single unit of study, which may be a person, family, group, community, or institution, or a very small number of subjects who are examined intensively. The
number of variables is usually very large.
Case studies are an extremely popular form of research design and are widely used throughout the social sciences.
Case studies enable researchers to focus on a single individual, group, community, event, policy area or
institution, and study it in depth, perhaps over an extended period of time.
CASE STUDY DESIGN
Example
Comparative design is one of the most important research designs in political science and compares two or more
groups on one variable.
Example: comparing the grades of female students to the grades of male students.
COMPARATIVE DESIGN
The planning and execution of a research project are critical to its success. This plan or research design involves determining the object of the research, developing research
questions, transforming these questions into hypotheses, and deciding on the appropriate research strategy
CONCLUSION
AND NOW A
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
THANK YOU