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CE 085 381

Horticulture-Agriculture Technologies. State CompetencyProfile.

Ohio Board of Regents, Columbus.; Ohio State Dept. ofEducation, Columbus.; Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Tech PrepCurriculum Services.1998-12-07286p.

For full text: http://www.ohtpcs.org/cp/horticulture.asp.Guides Non-Classroom (055)

EDRS Price MF01/PC12 Plus Postage.Accounting; *Agricultural Education; AgriculturalOccupations; Agriculture; Associate Degrees; *CompetencyBased Education; Education. Work Relationship; *EmploymentQualifications; Horticulture; Job Skills; MinimumCompetencies; *Ornamental Horticulture; OrnamentalHorticulture Occupations; Postsecondary Education; SecondaryEducation; State Standards; Statewide Planning; *Tech Prep;Technical Occupations; *Vocational EducationCareer and Technical Education; Environmental Ethics; *Ohio

This document, which lists the horticultural-agriculturaltechnologies competencies identified by representatives from business,industry, and labor as well as educators throughout Ohio, is intended toassist individuals and organizations in developing college tech prep programsthat will prepare students from secondary through post-secondary associatedegree programs for employment as Landscape Designer/Manager LandscapeTechnicians; Golf Course Maintenance Technicians; Lawn CareSpecialist/Technicians; Tree Maintenance Technician/Arborists; NurseryTechnicians; Floral Designers; Agricultural Custom Applicators; AgriculturalCrop Conultants; and Greenhouse Technician/Managers. The competencies, whichare separated into essential competencies needed to ensure a minimal level ofemployability and recommended competencies, are organized by instructionalunits and include suggestions as to when students should be introduced to,reinforced, and proficient at them. The included Technical Competency Profile(TCP) matrix includes a list of 29 technical competencies that are requiredor recommended for the different types of employment listed above. Some ofthe common competencies are as follows: plant science; workplace safety;basic accounting; daily management tasks; supervision; sales and marketing;horticulture fundamentals; horticultural plant health care; equipmentmaintenance; soil science and management; and environmental science andethics. Includes a list of TCP panel members. (MO)

Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.

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Horticulture-Agriculture Technologies

State Competency Profile

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1INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)

December 7, 1998Columbus, Ohio

BESTCOPY AVAILABLE

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONOft ice of Educational Research and Improvement

EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATIONCENTER (ERIC)

A.-I-his document has been reproduced asreceived from the person or organizationoriginating it.

0 Minor changes have been made toimprove reproduction quality.

Points of view or opinions stated in thisdocument do not necessarily representofficial OERI position or policy.

Horticulture/Agriculture TechnologiesState Competency Profile Meeting

December 7, 1998

Educator Panel

Glenn Abke, Professor, Agri-BusinessOwens Community CollegeToledo, Ohio

John Allen, Instructor, HorticultureJackson High SchoolMassillon, Ohio

Christi Bachman, Instructor, AgricultureEducation

Liberty Union High SchoolBaltimore, Ohio

Bob Boufford, Associate ProfessorClark State Community CollegeSpringfield, Ohio

Chris Carlson, Director/Professor,Horticulture

Kent State University Salem CampusSalem, Ohio

Steve Cooper, Instructor, AgricultureEducation

Mechanicsburg High SchoolMechanicsburg, Ohio

Sharon Davis, Floral Design/GreenhouseMaintenance Instructor, Agriculture

Buckeye Career CenterNew Philadelphia, Ohio

Susan Everett, Associate Professor,Agribusiness

Clark State Community CollegeSpringfield, Ohio

Chris Foley, Assistant Professor, Agri-Business

Owens Community CollegeToledo, Ohio

3

Tom Franek, Horticulture Instructor, UrbanForestry

Kent Roosevelt High SchoolKent, Ohio

Mike Fulton, Associate Professor,Horticulture

Ohio State ATIWooster, Ohio

Dave Goerig, Instructor, HorticultureColumbiana County Career CenterLisbon, Ohio

Tom Green, Agriculture Instructor,Horticulture

Marlington High SchoolAlliance, Ohio

Waid Lyons, Instructor, AgricultureMiami Valley Career Tech. CenterClayton, Ohio

Kevin McCann, Landscape Teacher,Horticulture

Toledo Agriculture Education CenterToledo, Ohio

Dave Munn, Associate Professor, Ag. Ind.Division

Ohio State ATIWooster, Ohio

Steven O'Neal, Professor, LandscapeDesign/Build

Columbus State Community CollegeColumbus, Ohio

Maurice Peoples, Technician, HorticultureKent State University Salem CampusSalem, Ohio

Dave Richards, Instructor, HorticultureAuburn Career CenterConcord Twp, Ohio

Dan Rueger, Teacher, HorticultureAshland High SchoolAshland, Ohio

Jeff Shoup, Agriculture SupervisorMiami Valley Career Tech. CenterClayton, Ohio

Dave Sproull, Landscape Instructor,Horticulture

Greene County Career CenterXenia, Ohio

Tim Turner, Instructor, AgricultureEducationLiberty Union High SchoolBaltimore, Ohio

Sam Woods, Agriculture TechnologyOhio State ATIWooster, Ohio

Debbie Woodworth, Instructor, HorticultureMentor Public SchoolsMentor, Ohio

4

Horticulture/Agriculture TechnologiesState Competency Profile Meeting

December 7, 1998

Business, Industry, Labor Panel

Jim Archer, Branch Manager, Crop Adv.,Custom Applicator

Clark Landmark, IncMedway, Ohio

Richard Baker, Florist, Design GreenhouseBaker FloristDover, Ohio

Jon Berry, Manager, SalesTerra IndustriesMechanicsburg, Ohio

Matt Burden, Manager, Landscape ServicesTurf Doctor Corp.Mt Vernon, Ohio

Todd Dallas, Manager, Ag. BusinessIMC Agri BusinessWest Liberty, Ohio

Ron W Denniston, Manager, SalesIMC Agri Business, IncTroy, Ohio

John Hildebrand, Custom Applicator, Ag.Business

IMC Agri BusinessUrbana, Ohio

Tim Hoffman, Pesticide Control Supervisor,Ohio Dept of Agriculture

Pesticide RegulationsReynoldsburg, Ohio

Tim Jackson, National Recruiter, ResidentialDavey Tree Expert CoKent, Ohio

i v

Richard Jones, Manager, Education &Training

Davey Tree Expert CoKent, OhioLola Lewis, Urban Forester, Division of

ForestryODNRNew Philadelphia, Ohio

Tom Roig, Owner, Landscape ContractorT & B LandscapesShreve, Ohio

Doug Schira, Assistant Superintendent,Greens & Grounds

Wooster Country ClubWooster, Ohio

Gary Stanko, Service Representative,Nursery/Landscape

Barnes Nursery Inc.Huron, Ohio

Dan Stollard, Owner/Manager, NurseryStollard FarmsMontville, Ohio

Greg Supers, Jr, Owner, LandscapeSupers LandscapeOberlin, Ohio

John W Woodall, PresidentWoodall Tree PreservationVienna, Ohio

Horticulture/Agriculture Greenhouse TechnologiesState Competency Profile Meeting

June 29, 1999

BUSINESSANDUSTRY/LABOR REPRESENTATIVES

Jackie GingeryPlant PatchWooster, Ohio

Tom MachamerCedar Lane FarmsWooster, Ohio

Dick ShreveShreve GreenhousePerry, Ohio

Sharon DavisBuckeye Career CenterNew Philadelphia, Ohio

Susie ShreveShreve GreenhousePerry, Ohio

Jackie VlasakVlasak's GreenhouseCutler, Ohio

EDUCATOR REPRESENTATIVES

Jeff JohnsonWayne County Schools Career CenterSmithville, Ohio

Dr. Robert McMahonOhio State ATIWooster, Ohio

Dave RichardsAuburn Career CenterConcord Twp., Ohio

Tim SimpsonMeigs Local School DistrictPomeroy, Ohio

Richard WebbTri-County JVSNelsonville, Ohio

OCCUPATIONAL DEFINITIONS

Horticulture-Agriculture Technologies

Landscape Designer/Manager Landscape TechnicianAn individual who applies horticultural engineering and architectural principles todevelop residential, commercial, and/or recreational environments which are bothfunctional and beautiful and seeks Pesticide Applicator Certification. Technicalskills should include, but not be limited to:

plant identification, selection, and culturedraftingequipment maintenance and operationlandscape contractinglandscape constructionlandscape designprecision agriculturesafety regulationsapplication of pesticides and fertilizerscustomer sales and servicescomputer skillssupervisionrecord keeping and lawsbasic soil and plant sciencepest identification and management

Golf Course Maintenance TechnicianAn individual who applies horticultural principles and business skills in managinga golf course. Technical skills should include, but not be limited to:

turf selection and managementirrigation and drainagecare of trees, shrubs and flowersoperation of equipmentrepair of equipmentgolf course organization/set-updesign concepts and renovationgolf course maintenancebusiness management.

vi

building/facility maintenanceknowledge of game of golfprecision agriculturesafety regulationsapplication of pesticides and fertilizerscustomer sales and servicescomputer skillssupervisionrecord keeping and lawsbasic soil and plant sciencepest identification and management

Lawn Care Specialist/TechnicianAn individual who applies horticultural principles and business skills to install,manage, and maintain lawns, athletic fields, or other turf areas. Technical skillsshould include, but not be limited to:

grass/cultivar selectionturf identificationinstallation of turf areasmaintenance of turf areasfertilization of turf areasirrigation and drainageaeration methodsequipment operation and maintenanceknowledge of environmental impact of lawn pesticides and fertilizersprecision agriculturesafety regulationsapplication of pesticides and fertilizerscustomer sales and servicescomputer skillssupervisionrecord keeping and lawsbasic soil and plant sciencepest identification and management

vii

Tree Maintenance Technician/ArboristAn individual who applies horticultural principles and business skills toresidential, commercial, governmental, and utility tree care. Technical skillsshould include, but not be limited to:

tree selectiontransplanting treespruning treesfertilizing treestree removallightning protectioncabling and bracing of treesoperation and maintenance of equipmentidentification of plantprecision agriculturesafety regulationsapplication of pesticides and fertilizerscustomer sales and servicescomputer skillssupervisionrecord keeping and lawsbasic soil and plant sciencepest identification and management

Nursery TechnicianAn individual who applies horticultural principles and business skills in nurseries,garden centers, arboretums, and botanical gardens and seeks to be a CertifiedNursery Technician. Technical skills should include, but not be limited to:

identification of plantsplant productionpropagationplant cultureequipment operation and maintenancesoil sampling and analysisdrainage and irrigationpruninginventory controlsafe chemical handlingprecision agriculturesafety regulations

viii

9

application of pesticides and fertilizerscustomer sales and servicescomputer skillssupervisionrecord keeping and lawsbasic soil and plant sciencepest identification and management

Floral DesignerAn individual who applies horticultural and artistic principles with business skillsto design fresh and artificial arrangements. Technical skills should include, butnot be limited to:

identification of flowers and their care requirementshandling of flowers and greenshandling and use of pot plantsfloral arrangementsdecorative use of foliagemanagementdesignsafety regulationssafety regulationscustomer sales and servicescomputer skillssupervisionrecord keeping and laws

Agricultural Custom ApplicatorAn individual who applies knowledge of agricultural principles of fertilization andpesticides to aid in the production of crops and seeks to be a Certified CropAdvisor (CCA). Technical skills should include, but not be limited:

soil samplingidentification of plant nutrient needsfertilization of cropsequipment maintenance and operationknowledge of environmental impact of application of agriculturalpesticides and fertilizersemergency first aidprecision agriculture

safety regulationsapplication of pesticides and fertilizerscustomer sales and servicescomputer skillssupervisionrecord keeping and lawsbasic soil and plant sciencepest identification and management

Agricultural Crop ConsultantAn individual who applies agricultural principles to aid farmers and otherproduction agriculturalists and seeks to be a Certified Crop Advisor (CCA).Technical skills should include, but not be limited to:

field evaluationknowledge of crop managementcrop selectionsoil sampling and analysissoil management and conservationcrop inspectionfertilization of cropsmarketing and salesknowledge of environmental impact of agricultural practicesapplication of agricultural chemicalssafe chemical handlingprecision agriculturesafety regulationsapplication of pesticides and fertilizerscustomer sales and servicescomputer skillssupervisionrecord keeping and lawsbasic soil and plant sciencepest identification and management

Greenhouse Technician/ManagerAn individual who applies horticultural and business principles in all areas ofgreenhouse production, as well as in sales, service, and consulting. Technicalskills should include, but not be limited to:

identification of plantsplant productionplant propagationfertilizationpruningpest and pathogen managementgreenhouse environmental controlharvesting, handling and use of pot plants, bedding plants, foliage, cutflowers, vegetables, hanging baskets, and perennialsgreenhouse equipment maintenancemarketing and salesgreenhouse constructioncommunication skills

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

LEVELING CODES* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

GRADE LEVEL12 = by the end of grade 12

AD = by the end of the Associate Degree

DEPTHI = Introduce (applies to at least three or 25% of the competency builders)

R = Reinforce or add depth (after introducing or proficiency)

P = Proficient (achievement of the competency without supervision)

OTHER (Determined by Business, Industry and Labor Panel)Essential Competency: Competency is needed to ensure minimal level ofemployability. Entry level employees should be able to perform this competencywithout supervision. Competencies required for certification, licensure, and/ornational skills standards should be tagged as essential.Recommended Competency: Competency should be included but is not essentialfor minimal level of employability.Delete: Competency should not be included.

Example:BIL: Essential Recommended Delete

EDU12 AD ACP R

Competency:

Example:BIL: Essential Recommended Delete

EDU12 AD ACP R

Competency: YYYYYYYCompetency Builders:

SSSXXX

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13

Horticulture-Agriculture TechnologiesTech Prep Competency Profile

Matrix

LD. Landscape Designer/Manager Landscape TechnicianGS= Golf Course Superintendent Golf Course/Grounds Maintenance TechnicianLC= Lawn Care Specialist/TechnicianTM= Tree Maintenance TechnicianNT= Nursery TechnicianFD= Floral Designer/ManagerCA= Agricultural Custom ApplicatorCC= Agricultural Crop ConsultantGT= Greenhouse Technician/ManagerPaee Unit LD GS LC TM NT FD CA CC GT

1 Plant Science X i X X X X X X X

14 Workplace Safety X X X X X X X X X

17 Basic Accounting X X X X X X X X X

19 Daily Management Tasks X X X X X X X X

21 Supervision X X X R2 R R X

25 Sales and Marketing X X X X X

35 Horticulture Fundamentals X X X X X X

39 Horticultural Plant Health Care X X X X X X

49 Equipment Maintenance X X X X X X 065 Landscape Technology X X X

70 Turf and Landscape Operations X X X

80 Nursery Production Management X

90 Irrigation R X R X X

92 Landscape Design X R R

115 Drafting Technology X R

121 Computer Aided Design Fundamentals X

125 Arboriculture X X X 03140 Landscape Construction X R

149 Golf Course Operations X

156 Turfgrass Management for Golf Courses X

162 Nursery Operations X

172 Floral Design X

186 Soil Science and Management X X X X X R

201 Environmental Science and Ethics X X X X X X X X R

216 Crop Pest Identification and Management X X X

226 Fertilization of Crops X X X

233 Crop Production X

248 Agricultural Business Management andMarketing

X X X

264 Greenhouse Management X

1 X = Unit required2 R = Recommended only3 0 = Some competencies, not applicable

xiiil 4

BEST COPY AVAILABLE

Unit: Plant Science

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Demonstrate general knowledge of plant anatomy

Competency Builders:'List the parts of the plant and their functions including: seed (embryo, cotyledon,

coat), root, modified stems (tuber, rhizome, stolon, corm, bulb) stem (xylem,phloem, pith, cambium), leaf (blade, lobe, auricle, ligule), meristem (apical,dominant, terminal, auxiliary bud), and flowers (petals, corolla, sepals,calyx, bracts, anther, stamen, style, ovary)

Identify the major components of cellsIdentify different types of root cells, where they are found in the root and what

function they serveIdentify different types of stem cells, where they are found in the stem and what

function they serveIdentify different types of leaf cells, where they are found in the leaf and what

function they serveIdentify differences between meristematic tissue and differentiated tissueExplain the function of the major tissue systems and how they are arranged in

plant organs

1 1 5

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Identify different types of sexual and asexual reproduction

Competency Builders:Identify the male and female flower parts as well as non-sexual flower parts and

their modificationsIdentify the parts of a seedIdentify the environmental influences on seeds that are critical for germinationExplain the pollination process and factors that contribute to successAnalyze germination results from seeds using different seeds and mediaIdentify advantages of utilizing hybrid seedsIdentify factors that affect germination percentageExplain the differences between the basic process of asexual growth and sexual

cell developmentExplain the process of propagating plant material by crown division; layering; and

rhizomes and stolons

21 6

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Identify genetic principles and terminology

Competency Builders:Identify major steps or phases of mitosisIdentify major steps or phases of meiosisExplain the similarities and differences between mitosis and meiosisExplain dominant and recessive gene characteristicsExplain homozygous and heterozygous gene characteristicsIdentify difference between genotype and phenotypeDescribe the possible impact of genetic engineering on plant improvementDescribe possible applications of genetic engineering and gene splicing on pest

control

17

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Classify plants

Competency Builders:Describe the functions of plants (e.g., food, feed, fiber, soil, wood, recreation,

erosion control, nutrient recycling, medicinal, industrial-dyes, chemicals)Describe the basis for plant classificationIdentify the components of the binomial system of nomenclatureIdentify the life cycle conditions necessary to classify a plant as an annual, a

biennial, or a perennialClassify living plant seeds or reproductive structures according to life cycleIdentify basic plant biological classification units (i.e., family, order, class,

division, genus, species)

4

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Explain plant metabolism and physiology

Competency Builders:Identify components of photosynthesis processes in plantsIdentify plant pigmentsExplain the importance of plant pigments to photosynthesisIdentify different color patterns found in plant leavesDescribe the effect of different color patterns found in plant leaves on

photosynthesisOutline the respiratory processExplain the inter-relationship between the respiratory process and photosynthesis

and plant growthContrast transpiration and evaporationExplain the use of water within the plant

19

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Demonstrate knowledge of plant growth and development

Competency Builders:List micro or macro nutrientsClassify micro or macro nutrientsDescribe the process of water uptake and use in plantsExplain the effects of light intensity, quality and duration on plant growthExplain the concept of plant hardiness and the classification based upon minimum

temperature toleranceExplain the effect of temperature on growth rate, life cycle, seed viability, and

germination as well as plant reproductionIdentify major classes of chemical/hormonal growth regulators and their functions

6

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Explain plant nutrition and fertilization

Competency builders:Define available nutrients, leaching, element, organic fertilizer and inorganic

fertilizerIdentify the primary elements and their functions in plant growthIdentify deficiencies caused by the lack of the minor elementsDifferentiate between organic and inorganic fertilizersDescribe the advantages and disadvantages of organic versus inorganic fertilizersDescribe the hazards associated with over fertilization

7 21

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Identify environmental factors affecting plants

Competency Builders:Describe external influences on plant growthExplain photoperiodism and dormancy in plantsDescribe affects of plant hormonesExplain the commercial uses of auxinsList optimum growth conditions for different types of plantsDescribe the influence of day length on plant growthExplain how the cycle of the seasons influences plant growth

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Explain how to improve plant seed quality

Competency Builders:Define heredity, genetics, inbreeding, crossing, progeny, self-fertilization, cross

fertilization, mutation, hybrid, systemic pesticide, toxic, and vigorExplain seed development, morphology, and compositionList the characteristics of good seedsDescribes the factors which create poor seed qualityDescribe the history of plant improvementList major aims of plant breedersDescribe three methods of plant improvementIdentify state agency responsible for seed certificationDescribe major points and economic aspects to consider when identifying varieties

for plantingExplain the danger of monogenetic type crops (e.g., southern corn blight)Describe the possible impact of genetic engineeringDescribe breeding for pest resistance (e.g., insects, nematodes, and diseases)Describe the classes of seeds (e.g., breeders, registered, certified)Differentiate between hybrid seed and seeds from open pollinated or self-fed

plantsExplain how "hard seeds coat" can be used to maintain high quality seedExplain why plant breeding take several yearsExplain why breeders have to constantly be developing improved varieties

9

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Describe plant diseases

Competency Builders:Define microorganism, pathogens, symptoms, day length, wilt, mosaic, blight,

curl, dwarfing, gall, mildew, rot, smut, and diseaseIdentify major causes of plant diseaseDescribe the symptoms and effects of major diseases on major

agricultural/horticultural cropsIdentify several methods by which diseases are transmitted in plantsExplain Koch's Postulates and their use in determining primary and secondary

pathogensExplain how fungi attack plantsDescribe the typical structure and function of fungiDescribe the life cycle of wheat rust and potato blightDifferentiate between a saprophyte and a parasiteExplain how some fungi are helpful to plantsExplain how fungi are classifiedExplain how bacteria are classifiedExplain that bacteria affect their host using exotoxins or endotoxinsExplain that the ability of bacteria to reproduce by fission makes them dangerousExplain how viruses are noncellular pathogens that use the cell's DNA or RNA to

reproduceExplain how viruses are classified by their hostDescribe the lytic cycle of a virusIdentify environmental conditions that favor or hinder disease development

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Explain management of plant diseases

Competency Builders:Define damping off, fumigant, fungicide, resistance, sprays, dust, volatile, crop

rotation and sanitationExplain the "disease triangle"Describe cultural practices that may be used to prevent plant diseasesDescribe the impact of genetic engineering on control of plant diseasesExplain how chemicals manage diseasesExplain how genetic resistance reduces production costs and potential

environmental impact from sprayingExplain the economic importance of managing plant diseases

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Explain weed management

Competency Builders:List ways weeds spreadList reasons weeds are harmfulList methods of weed managementExplain mode of action of common herbicidesExplain weed resistance to herbicidesDescribe possible applications of genetic engineering and gene splicing to weed

controlExplain how herbicides kill weedsIdentify the major weed species and explain options available for managing each

1226

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Explain moisture control

Competency Builders:Define irrigation, mulch, organic matter, runoff, seepage, subsoiling, and tillageList three methods of moisture controlList the cultural practices used in moisture control (i.e., annually and at planting)Describe importance of internal and external drainage in soilsDescribe importance of irrigation to plantsDescribe the methods of irrigation (e.g., drip, furrow, sprinkler, flood)Explain the hydrologic cycleExplain how irrigation causes salinity problemsExplain salt water intrusion in irrigation wellsExplain subsidence caused by removal of irrigation waterDescribe methods used to reduce irrigation water lossExplain the use of tensiometers and moisture metersExplain irrigation scheduling

1327

Unit: Workplace Safety

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Demonstrate safe work habits

Competency Builders:Wear protective clothing and equipment, including eye and ear protection as

requiredInterpret information on signs and labelsExplain why safety equipment and personal protective equipment are necessary,

including cost and consequencesCheck working condition of safety equipment and personal protective equipment

(e.g., physically, listening)Report malfunctioning safety equipment and personal protective equipmentObserve safety precautions when handling chemicals or fertilizersFollow personal cleanup procedures after handling chemicals and fertilizerInterpret hazardous materials noticesRecognize the existence of hazardous materials, their use and disposal procedures

according to government regulations (e.g., fertilizers, mulch, gasoline)Explain why wastewater must be disposed of safelyIdentify safety problems within work environment (e.g., loose wiring, broken

concrete, slippery surfaces)Pay attention to safety as you work (i.e., don't create safety problems that are not

there)Explain why safety problems and corrective measures are important (e.g., focus on

loss of time, money, energy)Differentiate safety as it relates to customer vs. employees

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Maintain safe work environment

Competency Builders:Maintain clean and safe work areaIdentify hazards presented by hazardous materialsIdentify hazardous materials and location of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS),

including comparative hazardsFollow MSDS safety information and "Right-to-Know" legislationComply with shop and equipment safety rulesFollow environmental and safety issues pertaining to the Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA), Food and Drug Administration, OSHA, and/or other stateand federal regulations

Report safety hazards and accidents to supervisor immediatelyComplete detailed accident report and explain the consequencesIdentify why safety devices are important, and the consequences of their absenceMaintain safety devicesComply with general - use and restricted - use product regulationsRecognize safety hazards at each work site (e.g., trees, underground utilities)Minimize risks associated with safety hazardsMonitor regulation updatesFollow government regulations and restrictionsApply fire safety rules and proceduresApply basic knowledge of first aid and CPR when necessary

1529

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Operate equipment safely

Competency Builders:Follow safety rules for equipment operation and maintenanceComply with safety zones around equipmentOperate eqiupment defensivelyInterpret safety symbolsUse slow - moving - vehicle signs when operating vehicles on roadKeep riders off mobile equipmentMaintain safety shields on all equipmentShut down power equipment before servicingReport potential equipment safety hazardsFollow manufacturer's service recommendationsMaintain valid driver's licensePerform lockout and tagoutIdentify equipment safety issues

Unit: Basic Accounting

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Use arithmetical skills for accounting

Competency Builders:Compute cash discounts for various termsCompute extension, sales tax, and totals of sales slips

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Identify accounting principles

Competency Builders:Identify basic accounting principlesIdentify basic accounting applicationsExplain use of record keeping in relation to business and economical applicationsPrepare budgetsPrepare comparative (actual vs. budget) income statementDefine cost accounting, direct materials, direct labor and overheadCalculate depreciationComplete a profit and loss statement

Unit: Daily Management Tasks

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Perform general office duties

Competency Builders:Use office machinesPlan work schedulesOperate computerMaintain organized work areaTake proper notesCommunicate messages properly

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Order merchandise

Competency Builders:Identify when to order particular merchandiseIdentify where to order particular merchandiseIdentify how to order particular merchandiseIdentify how much merchandise to orderOutline amount of storage neededUse price lists and catalogs

Unit: Supervision

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Demonstrate human resource skills

Competency Builders:Apply interview skillsApply appropriate management and leadership stylesDisplay managerial and supervisory skillsApply human relations skillsCommunicate performance expectationsAdhere to company policies regarding discrimination and harassmentDocument personnel issuesRecognize legal requirements of employee and employer relationsDisplay team building skills

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Manage human resources

Competency Builders:Use foresight to anticipate and manage changeDiscipline employeesCounsel employees (e.g., career objectives)Dismiss employeesMaintain performance recordsAddress employees regarding disciplinary actionRecommend employee for promotionExplain procedure for handling grievancesEvaluate employee performance

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I

Competency: Manage work flow

Competency Builders:Communicate operating policies and proceduresMeet production standardsInterface with other departments/crewsPrioritize workAssign work to other crew membersDelegate workProvide instructionsMonitor progressComplete productivity reportsComplete managerial reportsMaintain appropriate work environmentTroubleshoot operational problemsComplete assigned tasks in a timely mannerCoordinate with team members

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I

Competency: Manage projects

Competency Builders:Develop strategic planDevelop project budgetSchedule work assignmentsApply quality measures and counter measures

Unit: Sales and Marketing

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Promote company image

Competency Builders:Explain importance of imageIdentify factors affecting image, positive and negativeProject company imageExhibit good personal hygienePerform quality workFollow instructions and uniformityKeep equipment cleanFollow dress codeHandle customer complaintsCommunicate positively with customersRead company manualMaintain continuity and uniformity of company logoFollow customer awareness programs

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Demonstrate presale skills

Competency Builders:Maintain product and service knowledgeDifferentiate between product features and product benefitsExamine types of selling techniquesIdentify types of customersIdentify customer buying motives and signalsMaintain prospective customer relationship

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I

Competency: Demonstrate post sale skills

Competency Builders:Compose personal appreciation notesFollow up purchases and salesDevelop repeat customer contact listAdd customer to annual mailingsDevelop a follow-up fileDemonstrate seasonal greetings

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Conduct sale

Competency Builders:Greet customersUse appropriate questioning techniquesUse appropriate selling techniquesIdentify customer needs, problems and recommendationsDescribe services and expectationsExplain extent of guaranteeAccess support servicesClose saleUse good telephone skillsCompute taxesRecord sales informationUtilize product demonstrations, exhibits, and displaysAddress customer complaintsResolve customer complaintsProcess tax exempt sales transactionsProcess charge account sales transactionProcess charge card sales transactionCalculate customer discountWrap purchasesHandle special orders

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Prepare estimate

Competency Builders:Calculate square footage and cubic yardsUse price listEstimate total amount of materials neededEstimate fixed costs

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I

Competency: Advertise products and services

Competency Builders:Identify products and services to be presentedIdentify opportunities for publicityImplement presentationPrepare advertising materialsImplement product demonstrations, exhibits, and displaysSelect signsArrange retail area according to season

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Maintain price lists and catalogs

Competency Builders:Compare prices of similar products and servicesOutline material and service availabilityKeep product and service catalogs currentKeep profit and loss in line

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Price merchandise/service

Competency Builders:Estimate fixed and variable expensesCalculate markupCalculate break-even pointCompare pricing strategiesIdentify factors affecting pricingPrice merchandisePrepare merchandise for inventory or displayUse computerized pricing systemsAttach price tags

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R.

Competency: Display merchandise

Competency Builders:Design displaysSet up displaysSelect items for displayUse propsIdentify display areas

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Provide technical assistance

Competency Builders:Provide customer with informative materialsInterpret product labelsProvide care and safety instructionsDemonstrate product useExplain safety precautions regarding product use or applicationOutline extent of product guaranteeAddress customer complaintsIdentify when merchandise is to be deliveredProvide specialized care instructions

Unit: Horticulture Fundamentals

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Demonstrate knowledge of the horticulture industry

Competency Builders:Identify fields of endeavor within the horticulture industryDescribe economic importance of the horticulture industryDescribe environmental importance of the horticulture industryIdentify employment opportunities within the horticulture industryIdentify regulatory aspects of the horticulture industryIdentify continuing education opportunities within the horticulture industryIdentify professional organizations within the horticulture industry

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Identify plants

Competency Builders:Classify plants as monocots or dicotsIdentify plants using scientific and common nameSpell and pronounce using scientific and common nameClassify plants as annuals, biennials, and perennialsList environmental preference of plants (e.g., shade, sun, wind, moisture, soil

conditions)Classify plants according to growth habit

36 50

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Demonstrate pruning skills

Competency Builders:Identify methods of pruning plants to achieve desired growthSelect proper pruning tools for the taskIdentify appropriate time to prune plantsExplain root pruning appropriate plantsPrune plants for desired shape and growthIdentify means of sterilizing pruning toolsDistinguish between proper pruning and shearingDevelop proper pruning equipment maintenance (e.g., schedule repair)

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Keep records

Competency Builders:Keep fertilizer and pesticide application recordsKeep equipment maintenance and service recordsKeep job records and daily log sheetsKeep inventory records

Unit: Horticultural Plant Health Care

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Make proper plant selection

Competency Builders:Identify plants appropriate to a regionList environmental preference of plants (e.g., shade, sun, wind, moisture)Classify plants according to growth habitMatch tree and planting siteDescribe installationPerform planting and transplantingDescribe proper care after plantingIdentify disease-resistant and insect-resistant species/cultivars

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Demonstrate knowledge of cultural practices

Competency Builders:Demonstrate knowledge of soilsDemonstrate knowledge of soil, water, air relationship, temperature, light and

fertilizerExplain methods of plant-water management

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Explain knowledge of irrigation and drainage

Competency Builders:Explain methods of aerification and vertical mulchingExplain irrigation proceduresExplain aerification proceduresExplain drainage proceduresExplain importance of mulch (e.g., air, water, temperature, nutrients)Identify types of mulching materialsDemonstrate proper mulching techniques

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Manage pests

Competency Builders:Classify insects according to feeding habitsIdentify common insects, weeds, and diseases of plantsDescribe life cycle of insect pests, weeds and diseasesDescribe methods (i.e., biological, chemical, and cultural) of managing plant

insects, weeds and diseasesReport insect, weeds and disease damage for proper control measuresInterpret information on a pesticide/agricultural chemical labelInterpret spray compatibility chartsSelect pesticides according to the product labelSimulate mixing of pesticides according to the product labelApply fundamentals of IPMSimulate application of pesticides according to the product labelClean spray equipmentCalibrate spray equipmentDispose of pesticide containers in compliance with local, state, federal, and EPA

regulationsMaintain pesticides recordsDescribe symptoms of pesticide poisoning and identify first aid requiredSelect pesticide according to controlling action (e.g., stomach, contact, systemic)Identify chemical injury to plantsTake pesticide applicator test

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Manage pests in trees and shrubs

Competency Builders:Select the proper pesticideIdentify coverage and coverage requirementsPrepare pesticide solutionsAdjust sprayersOperate sprayersSimulate spraying of prescribed area safelyClean sprayersRepair sprayers

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Implement integrated pest management (IPM) program

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsIdentify insects, diseases, weeds, and vertebrate pestsIdentify pest damageCalculate area to be coveredComplete certification requirements for prescribed chemical applicationEvaluate chemical/cultural/biological control optionsInterpret chemical labels and compatibility chartsIdentify appropriate methodsEstimate pest population numbersAssess degree of damageOutline when management is neededMap chemical application, methods, and resultsDocument chemical application, methods, and resultsCompute treatment costsRecognize environmental limitationsSelect options

44

58

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Identify tree and shrub pests

Competency Builders:Differentiate chewing, sucking, boring, and rasping insectsDifferentiate bacterial, viral, and fungal diseasesExplain preventative measures to protect trees and shrubs from injuries

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Diagnose and treat plant problems

Competency Builders:Demonstrate the diagnostic processExplain tree "stress" and the "healthy" treeIdentify common insects and diseasesIdentify physiological disorders and injuriesDescribe prevention treatment and continued health careDemonstrate methods of applying fertilizer to trees and shrubsIdentify abiotic problems (e.g., weedeater, mechanical, paving damage)

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Demonstrate proper pruning practices as related to planthealth care

Competency Builders:Identify dead, diseased, and dying branches and plantsDemonstrate proper pruning/removal techniquesDemonstrate importance of maintaining natural growth habit of plantsExplain importance of timing as related to pruning, mowing, etc.Demonstrate accepted industry standards

47

61

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Apply fertilizers

Competency Builders:Identify soil and media materialsIdentify types and kinds of fertilizersIdentify methods of distributing fertilizersInterpret information on tag or containerIdentify symptoms of nutritional deficiencies of plantsCollect a soil sample for soil analysisIdentify fertilization requirements of plant materialsSet a fertilizer scheduleApply fertilizer and soil amendmentsApply special fertilization methods appropriate to a region/plant groupDescribe symptoms of fertilizer burnClean fertilizer application unitMaintain fertilization records

Unit: Equipment Maintenance

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Maintain equipment

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsCalibrate equipmentAdjust beltsAdjust chainsInspect assembled equipment for operating defectsLubricate partsSharpen equipmentMaintain service recordsEstablish a preventative maintenance program

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Maintain engine cooling systems

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsTest coolant mixtureAdjust or replace fan beltReplace hosesInspect for leaksAdd coolantFlush cooling systemDispose of coolant and containers safely

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Service engine lubricant systems

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsCheck oil levelSelect oilChange oil and oil filtersMaintain grease fittingsReplace grease fittingsGrease or oil jointsDispose of oil and containers safely

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Maintain small-engine fuel and air systems

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsService air cleanerBleed diesel fuel systemMix gas and oil for two-cycle engineService crankcase ventilation componentsClean carburetorAdjust carburetorService fuel filter assemblyReplace exhaust system componentsAdd proper fuel

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Maintain small-engine electrical systems

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsReplace spark plugs and wiresClean spark plugsAdjust spark plug gapCheck specific gravity of batteryInstall batteryClean battery terminals, cables, and battery boxCharge batteryReplace fuses and light bulbs

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Service wheels and tires

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsInspect tiresCheck tire pressureInflate tiresTighten lug nutsReplace flat tiresRotate tiresCheck valve stemsPatch tubes

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Maintain hydraulic systems

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsInspect system for oil leaksClean couplingsInspect hosesIdentify proper reservoirCheck oilAdd oilReplace oil filterDispose of hydraulic fluids safelyBleed air from systemReplace hoses

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Perform predeparture functions

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsConnect front-end-operated equipmentConnect 3-point-hitch equipmentAttach power takeoff equipmentDetach power takeoff equipmentHitch towed equipmentConnect hydraulic linesConnect electrical hookupsConnect safety chainsRefuel power unitsInspect working condition of lightsCheck fluid levelsSecure all equipment and materialsCheck tires and tire pressureCheck mirrorsMaintain service scheduleCheck prestart mechanismFlag extended materialsInspect beltsAdjust beltsAdd coolantInspect for leaksService air cleanerMix gas and oil for two-cycle engineLabel fuel containers properly

BIL: Recommended(BIL strongly recommends that this competency be addressed)

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Operate equipment and vehicles

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsAdjust throttle for operating conditionsInterpret equipment gaugesStart engineShut down engineUse hand operating signalsOperate manual transmissionPreheat dieselsSecure vehicle when parkedOperate automatic transmissionUse brake systemsAdjust seating and steeringSet out safety markersFlag extended materialsOperate liftgatesOperate dump bedsOperate winchOperate snowplowOperate utility vehiclesObtain driver's licenseOperate aerial liftJump-start vehicle

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Operate power equipment as required

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsUse and calibrate equipment/spray equipmentUse rotary tillerUse edgerUse blowerUse aeratorUse rollerUse mowing equipmentUse trimming equipmentUse lawn sweepersUse sod cutterUse chain sawUse verticutter/turf groomersUse tractorUse and calibrate spray equipmentUse power washerUse straw blowersUse hand-held augersUse power tampsUse skid loaderUse trencherUse backhoeUse hydroseeders/mulchersUse chippersUse tree spadeUse cutoff sawsUse landscape rakeUse hydraulic tools

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Clean and store equipment

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsRemove debris from equipmentUse steam or high-pressure wash equipmentPrepare engines for storageLubricate equipment for storageDrain pumping system

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Use hand, power, and pneumatic tools

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsIdentify tools needed for job/taskSelect tools according to job/taskSet up toolsAdjust toolsClean toolsLubricate toolsRecondition toolsSharpen toolsStore tools

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Apply protective coatings

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsClean surfaceSand surfaceApply masking tapeThin paintMix primer coatApply primer coatApply wood preservativeUse steam and high-pressure wash equipmentIdentify types of coatingsUse environmentally safe preservative

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Maintain application equipment

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsLubricate spreaderDispose of waste safelyCalibrate spreaderClean blade propeller

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Weld with gas

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsSet up gas welding equipmentAdjust gas welding equipmentSelect rodApply fluxCut metalWeld steel in horizontal positionsWeld steel with filler rodBraze metalClean equipmentStore gas cylinders safely

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Weld with electric arc

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsSelect welding equipment and accessoriesSelect electrode sizes and typesSelect settingsPrepare metalWeld steel in non-horizontal positionsWeld steel in horizontal positionsWeld pipeCut metalStore equipment

Unit: Landscape Technology

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Prepare estimate and contracts

Competency Builders:List materials required for the projectIdentify equipment needsEstimate time and man hoursOutline costs of materials, equipment, and laborPrepare price for customer based on specifications

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P

Competency: Organize the project (landscape and/or interiorscape)

Competency Builders:Interpret plans and specificationsIdentify safety requirementsOrganize site preparationLocate project materialsOutline personnel needsOutline equipment needsOutline project schedule

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Maintain landscapes and equipment

Competency Builders:Identify water requirementsApply water at proper ratesIdentify weedsApply herbicides safelyApply fertilization requirements at proper ratesApply corrective measures to pest, insect, and disease problemsPrune landscape plantsMaintain turf viability (i.e., mow at proper height and frequency, aerate, edge, clip,

and remove trash)Cultivate plantsRemulch plantsStake treesRepair landscape plants (e.g., trees, shrubs)Provide protection for plants from adverse weather conditionsMaintain landscape equipmentDemonstrate procedures for protecting plants from adverse weatherDemonstrate procedures for protecting equipment from adverse weather

67

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Maintain customer relations

Competency Builders:Conduct walk-through of project with client to assure satisfactionIdentify current and future maintenance requirements

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Maintain landscape tools and equipment

Competency Builders:Identify equipment needs for the companyOperate equipment for the jobDemonstrate the service and maintenance of power equipmentDemonstrate the repair and maintenance of facilitiesInstruct employees in the safe use of tools and equipmentDemonstrate the safe use of tools and equipment to employeesDevelop preventative maintenance program for landscape equipment

Unit: Turf and Landscape Operations

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Identify plant requirements and value

Competency Builders:Identify hardiness zonesIdentify landscape valueIdentify plant environmental preferencesIdentify planting and maintenance levelsIdentify environmental value

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Identify and classify plants

Competency Builders:Classify turf and landscape plants as monocots or dicotsClassify turf and landscape plants as annuals, biennials, or perennialsIdentify bulbsIdentify annual flowersIdentify perennial flowersIdentify shade treesIdentify ornamental treesIdentify ornamental grassesIdentify shrubsIdentify ground coversIdentify conifersIdentify plants according to scientific nameIdentify environmental plant preferencesClassify plants according to growth habitIdentify wildflowersIdentify herbsIdentify fruit treesIdentify fernsIdentify weedsIdentify turfgrassesIdentify vinesIdentify vegetable plantsIdentify improved varietiesIdentify foliage plantsIdentify flowering plants

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Prepare for installation

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsOutline planting depthOutline planting timeInterpret seed and bulb tag informationRead landscape planConvert scale to siteIdentify material quantitiesIdentify underground utilitiesPlan planting schedulesPlan soil erosion controlsPrepare seeds for sowingMatch plant requirements to environmental conditionsSelect seeds and plantsFollow planting rate recommendations

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Prepare soil mixes

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsIdentify soil typesMix materialsPrepare compostIdentify mixing techniquesIdentify media materials

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Prepare planting area

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsDefine areasProvide rough gradeCreate contourIncorporate soil amendmentsProvide finish gradeApply soil amendments

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Install turf, landscape, and nursery plants

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsPlant seedsPlant bulbsPlant shrubsPlant ground coversPlant annual and perennial plantsPlant treesStake treesGuy treesWater in plant materialLay sodApply mulchPlant drought-resistant and disease-resistant cultivarsSterilize equipmentDivide plantsSeparate plantsPot trees and shrubsTransplant seedlingsIdentify planted specimensPerform initial waterings

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Fertilize plants

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsInterpret manufacturer's fertilization rate chartsInterpret fertilizer labelsIdentify application methodsCalibrate fertilizer application equipmentMix fertilizer solutionsApply liquid fertilizerApply dry fertilizerIdentify application patternIdentify nutrient requirementsIdentify symptoms of nutrient deficiencyIdentify kind and amount of fertilizer and soil amendments to applySelect application methodUse fertilizer injectorsUse organic fertilizersUse polymersMaintain fertilizer records

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Maintain plants

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsPinch plantsCultivate plantsWater plantsApply mulchesPrune treesPrune shrubsTransplant bulbs, corms, and tubersTreat tree woundsRemove fallen leavesRemove old flowersApply growth-regulating compoundsMaintain plants on arbors and trellisesCompost plant debrisUse growth regulatorsDisbud flowering plantsThin plants, seedlings, and cuttingsSpace plantsRepot plantsStake treesGuy treesClimatize plantsWeed fieldsCheck for insect and disease problemsWeed planting beds

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Maintain turfgrasses

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsApply top dressing to turfgrass areasVerticut turfOverseed turfWater turfArify turfRenovate turfFill in holes and depressions in turfRelocate holes and tee markersSlit seed turfMow turfString trim turfEdge turfApply growth regulatorsCompost clippings

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Prune plants

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsIdentify pruning toolsSterilize pruning equipmentIdentify pruning timeIdentify structural problemsIdentify lowest branch heightOutline desired shapeIdentify water sproutsSpace branchesSelect scaffold branchesPrune shrubsRoot pruneTrain central leaders

Unit: Nursery Production Management

BIL: Essential

,

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Identify plant requirements and value

Competency Builders:Identify hardiness zonesIdentify landscape valueIdentify plant environmental preferencesIdentify planting and maintenance levelsIdentify environmental value

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Identify and classify plants

Competency Builders:Classify turf and landscape plants as monocots or dicotsClassify turf and landscape plants as annuals, biennials, or perennialsIdentify bulbsIdentify annual flowersIdentify perennial flowersIdentify shade treesIdentify ornamental treesIdentify ornamental grassesIdentify shrubsIdentify ground coversIdentify conifersIdentify plants according to scientific nameIdentify environmental plant preferencesClassify plants according to growth habitIdentify wildflowersIdentify herbsIdentify fruit treesIdentify fernsIdentify fernsIdentify weedsIdentify vinesIdentify improved varietiesIdentify foliage plantsIdentify flowering potted plants

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Prepare for planting and propoagation

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsOutline planting ratesOutline planting depthOutline planting timeInterpret seed and bulb tag informationPrepare seeds for sowingMatch plant requirements to environmental conditionsSelect seeds, plants, and cuttingsSterilize equipment and containersFollow planting rate recommendations

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Prepare media mixes

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsIdentify soil typesMix media materialsPrepare compostIdentify mixing techniquesIdentify media materials

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Prepare planting area

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsIncorporate soil amendmentsApply soil amendmentsIdentify surface drainage areas

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Prepare for planting

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsPlant seedsPlant bulbsPlant shrubsPlant ground coversPlant annual and perennial plantsPlant treesStake treesWater in plant materialsApply cover crops as neededPlant drought-resistant and disease-resistant cultivarsTake cuttingsSterilize equipmentDivide plantsSeparate plantsPerform grafts and bulbsPot trees and shrubsTranspla'nt cuttings and seedlingsApply rooting hormoneIdentify planted specimensPerform initial waterings

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Fertilize plants

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsInterpret manufacturer's fertilization rate chartsInterpret fertilizer labelsIdentify application methodsCalibrate fertilizer application equipmentMix fertilizer solutionsApply liquid fertilizerApply dry fertilizerIdentify application patternIdentify nutrient requirementsIdentify symptoms of nutrient deficiencyIdentify kind and amount of fertilizer and soil amendments to applySelect application methodUse fertilizer injectorsUse organic fertilizersUse polymersMaintain fertilizer records

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Maintain plants

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsPinch plantsCultivate plantsWater plantsApply mulchesPrune treesPrune shrubsTransplant bulbs, corms, and tubersTreat tree woundsRemove fallen leavesRemove old flowersApply growth-regulating compoundsMaintain plants on arbors and trellisesCompost plant debrisUse growth regulatorsDisbud flowering plantsThin plants, seedlings, and cuttingsSpace plantsRepot plantsWrap treesStake treesGuy treesClimatize plantsWeed fieldsCheck for insect and disease problemsWeed planting beds

8, 1 01

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Prune plants

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsIdentify pruning toolsSterilize pruning equipmentIdentify pruning timeIdentify structural problemsIdentify lowest branch heightOutline desired shapeIdentify water sproutsSpace branchesSelect scaffold branchesPrune shrubsRoot pruneTrain central leaders

88 102

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Harvest plants

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsPackage plantsLabel plantsClean plantsAcclimate plantsGrade plantsPreserve plant viabilityApply antidesiccantsWrap tree headDig shrubs and treesBall shrubs and treesBurlap shrubs and treesHarvest bare root stockComply with regulations regarding plant inspection and movementApply American Association of Nurserymen (AAN) sizing/grading standards

89

103

Unit: Irrigation

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Maintain water delivery systems

Competency Builders:Identify types of pipe, pipe fittings, insulation, and plumbing fixturesOpen trench lineLocate existing underground water linesCut and fit pipe or tubing (e.g., PVC, aluminum)Tap into existing waterlinesInstall pipe and pipe fittingsInstall valves and faucetsInstall filtersTest sprinkler spray patternsAdjust sprinkler spray patternsBackfill trenchesReplace gasketsUnclog pipesInstall flow-control devicesWinterize water delivery systemsMaintain filter systemInstall insulationMaintain automatic waterersInstall sprinkler heads and mist headsRepair lines and nozzles on spray equipmentRepair broken pipes, sprinkler heads, mist heads, valves, and faucetsThread metal pipeTroubleshoot automatic sprinkler systemRepair automatic sprinkler system

90 104

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Operate irrigation system

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsDetermine sprinkler precipitation rateAdjust sprinkler patternsAdjust water pressureProgram automatic timersHand water plantsCalibrate injection systemsMonitor injection systemsWinterize systems

91 105

Unit: Landscape Design

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Conduct site analysis

Competency Builders:Identify soil typesIdentify rock outcroppingsIdentify water sourcesIdentify existing vegetationIdentify existing structuresIdentify direction (North, South, East, West)Identify climate of siteIdentify location of utilitiesIdentify legal aspects of site, right of waysIdentify circulation routesCite unfavorable and favorable viewsCite location of pedestrian trafficCite noise sourcesCite dust sourcesCite sources of bright lightEvaluate equipment accessibility

92

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Analyze customer needs

Competency Builders:Identify general entertaining preferencesIdentify sports areasIdentify cooking needs, indoor and/or outdoorIdentify gardening and/or bird watching preferencesIdentify pet needsIdentify storage needsIdentify laundry needsIdentify cost parameters for projectIdentify family needs (e.g., children, plant preferences, colors)

93

107

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Perform area layout

Competency Builders:Layout public areaLayout private/outdoor living areaLayout service/utility area

94108'

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency:

CompetencyUse principleUse principleUse principleUse principleUse principleUse principleUse principleUse principleUse principleUse principle

Apply principles of design

Builders:of simplicityof contrastof transitionof radiationof scaleof rhythmof balance (symmetry, asymmetry)of unityof harmonyof focus

95 109

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Apply elements of design

Competency Builders:Use element of textureUse element of colorUse element of formUse element of size and massUse element of line and directionUse element of spaceUse element of shadow

961 0

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Describe how plants are used in design

Competency Builders:Describe plants used as shade and/or as climate controlDescribe plants used as enframementDescribe plants used as backgroundDescribe plants used as boundary or borderDescribe plants used as screensDescribe plants used as accentsDescribe plants used as softening architectural lines or featuresDescribe plants used as specimen plantsDescribe plants used as foundation plantingsDescribe plants used as ground cover plantingsDescribe plants used as espalier plantingsDescribe plants used in muffling noiseDescribe plants used in attracting wildlifeDescribe plants used in the creation of illusion of space, size, and distanceDescribe plants used in direction of trafficDescribe plants used as fruit, flower, fragrance

97

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P

Competency: Correlate architecture with landscape design

Competency Builders:Identify types of landscape design suitable for Colonial architectureIdentify types of landscape design suitable for European architectureIdentify types of landscape design suitable for Oriental architectureIdentify types of landscape design suitable for Contemporary architecutre

98 112

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Plan transport structures

Competency Builders:Plan walksPlan drivewaysPlan stepsPlan decks and patiosPlan handicap accessibility

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Plan retention structures

Competency Builders:Plan fences and wallsPlan miscellaneous structures (e.g., gazebos, lawn statuary)

114100

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Describe use of structural materials

Competency Builders:Describe advantages andDescribe advantages andDescribe advantages andDescribe advantages andDescribe advantages andDescribe advantages andDescribe advantages andDescribe advantages and

disadvantagesdisadvantagesdisadvantagesdisadvantagesdisadvantagesdisadvantagesdisadvantagesdisadvantages

of using asphaltof using concreteof using brickof using flagstoneof using field stoneof using loose aggregatesof using woodof using tanbark and wood chips

1_1.5101

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P

Competency: Identify plant considerations

Competency Builders:Describe habits of growth of various plantsDescribe hardiness of various plantsDescribe maintenance of various plantsDescribe fruit, flower, foliage, and branching characteristics of various plantsDifferentiate evergreen and deciduous plantsDescribe advantages and disadvantages of various trees, shrubs, ground covers,

espaliers, and vinesDescribe color coordinationDescribe use of bedding plants and ground covers

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Address problem areas of landscape design

Competency Builders:Address slopes and erosion controlAddress harsh exposureAddress poor drainageAddress cutsAddress fillsAddress compactionAddress retention of existing vegetation

117103

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Design special types of gardens

Competency Builders:Design rock gardensDesign Japanese gardensDesign formal gardensDesign informal gardensDesign perennial gardensDesign shade and forest gardens

118104

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Design around focal point(s)

Competency Builders:Design around ponds, basins, pools, waterfalls, and fountainsPlace outdoor lighting properly to enhance focal point(s)Place irrigation system properly to enhance focal point(s)Install sod and lawn around focal point(s)

105 1 1 9

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Apply landscape grading techniques

Competency Builders:Interpret prints and specificationsLocate utilitiesBuild topographic features

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Install plant materials

Competency Builders:Interpret prints and specificationsInstall treesInstall shrubsInstall ground covers, annuals, or perennialsProvide for weed controlApply mulches (e.g., plastic, organic, fiberglass)Apply herbicidesProvide for erosion controlEdge bedsOutline costs and labor for installationWater as requiredFertilize as required

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Explain use of various construction materials

Competency Builders:Describe uses and costsDescribe uses and costsDescribe uses and costsDescribe uses and costsDescribe uses and costsDescribe uses and costsDescribe uses and costsDescribe uses and costsDescribe uses and costsDescribe uses and costsDescribe uses and costs

of lumber in landscape designof railroad ties in landscape designof brick in landscape designof block in landscape designof stone and flagstone in landscape designof gravel in landscape designof plastic and fiberglass in landscape designof concrete in landscape designof metal in landscape designof sand in landscape designof artificial turf in landscape design

108 122

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Construct garden surfaces

Competency Builders:Construct garden paths and walksConstruct patios and terracesConstruct stepsConstruct foot bridgesIdentify costs of labor and materials involved in constructing garden surfaces

109123

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Construct landscape enclosures

Competency Builders:Construct raised bedsConstruct retaining walls and free standing wallsConstruct fences, screens, and gatesConstruct trellisIdentify costs of labor and materials involved in constructing enclosuresConstruct other structures

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Install electrical landscape features

Competency Builders:Install outdoor lightingInstall submersible pumpsInstall timers and valvesFollow electrical contractor's codeIdentify costs of labor and materials involved in installing electrical features

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Construct water features

Competency Builders:Construct pools

Construct fountainsConstruct waterfallsConstruct creek bedsIdentify costs of labor and materials involved in constructing water features

112 126

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Construct irrigation and drainage systems

Competency Builders:Apply knowledge of pressure and flowApply knowledge of pipes, nozzles, and valvesApply knowledge of trenchingInstall tileInstall sumps and drainsIdentify costs of labor and materials involved in constructing irrigation and

drainage systems and site reclamationCompare sprinkler, bubbler and drip irrigation systems

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Maintain customer relations

Competency Builders:Conduct walk-through of project with client to assure satisfactionIdentify current and future maintenance requirements

Unit: Drafting Technology

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Apply basic drafting skills

Competency Builders:Use drafting equipment, measuring scales, drawing media, drafting instruments

and consumable materials, blueprint machineIdentify line styles and line weightsSelect proper drawing scale, introduction to different typesPrepare title blocks and other drafting formatsApply forehand and other lettering techniquesPrepare multi-view drawingsPrepare multi-view sketchesPrepare orthographic viewsPrepare change control blockDescribe change control block/revision blockMeasure anglesDraw horizontal, vertical, angular, parallel, and perpendicular linesTransfer an angleControl tangent lines (to arcs) and tangent arcs (to arcs)Bisect lines, angles, and arcsDivide linesConstruct three-point circleConstruct regular hexagon, pentagon, and octagonReproduce a drawingPrepare single-view drawingsPrepare dimension drawingsInterpret notes and dimensions to determine partDraw arcs, circles, and conicsTransfer measurements

129115

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Apply intermediate drafting skill

Competency Builders:Describe types of diazo and their applicationsApply isometric, oblique and perspective sketching techniquesPrepare isometric, oblique and perspective sketchesPrepare sectional viewsPrepare auxiliary viewsIdentify landscape symbolsApply systems drafting techniquesIdentify a materials listDescribe purpose of auxiliaiy and sectional views

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I

Competency: Apply advanced drafting skills

Competency Builders:Interpret reports and specificationsPrepare pictorial drawingsPrepare schematics

131117

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Interpret prints

Competency Builders:Visualize object from drawingInterpret sectional viewsInterpret dimensionsInterpret tolerancesInterpret special symbolsInterpret schematics

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Convert dimensions and tolerances

Competency Builders:Convert dimensions and tolerances from English units to metric unitsConvert dimensions and tolerances from metric units to English units

119 3 ,3

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Demonstrate dimensioning techniques

Competency Builders:Construct arrowheads using various styles/discipliensApply symbols for surface and texture controlAdd labels/notes to drawingInterpret decimal tolerance dimensionsDimension arcsDimension anglesDimension curvesDimension rounded-end shapesDimension spherical objectsDimension cylindrical objectsDimension cones, pyramids, and prismsDimension features on circular center lineDimension theoretical point of intersectionDimension object using rectangular coordinate systemDimension object using polar coordinate systemDimension object using tabular coordinate systemDimension object using ordinate dimensioning system

120134

Unit: Computer Aided Design (CAD) Fundamentals

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Operate a CAD system

Competency Builders:Execute CAD systemUse keyboard inputUse screen and pull down menusUse other input devices (e.g., scanner, digitizer)Create scaled plotsOperate a pen plotterOperate a printer-plotter (e.g., laser plotter)Access online help for commandsUse file conversionUse data transfer

135121

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Select entities for action

Competency Builders:Add or remove entities separatelyAdd or remove entities using a windowSelect entities using a fenceSelect entities by other methods (e.g., last, previous, type, all, etc.)

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Control display

Competency Builders:Apply view control while drawing (e.g., zoom and pan)Control view resolution (e.g., viewers)Save viewsDisplay views

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Extract basic entity and drawing information

Competency Builders:Measure distancesMeasure areasIdentify coordinatesList entity characteristics (e.g., length, size, location, properties, etc.)

Unit: Arboriculture

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Demonstrate knowledge of tree biology

Competency Builders:Identify tree anatomy and physiologyIdentify tree structure and functionIdentify tree taxonomyUse scientific nomenclatureIdentify plant characteristicsDescribe principles of identification

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Describe tree, soil, and water relationships

Competency Builders:Identify soil propertiesExplain root growthDescribe water movement and retentionDescribe water managementDescribe tree nutrition and fertilization mineral requirements

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Demonstrate knowledge of tree selection

Competency Builders:Match tree and planting siteDescribe installationExplain planting and transplantingDescribe care after planting/transplanting

141127

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Transplant large trees and shrubs

Competency Builders:Differentiate deciduous trees and shrubsDifferentiate needled, conifer, and broadleaf evergreen trees and shrubsDescribe tree and shrub growth requirementsIdentify tree root systemsHarvest ball and burlapHarvest bare root treesPrepare holes for transplantingPlant treesStake treesWater trees

BIL: EssentialNot applicable for NT

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Prune mature trees and shrubs

Competency Builders:Remove pruned materialsDispose of pruned materialsDescribe effect of tree growth habits on pruning operationsDifferentiate pruning time for broadleaf evergreens and conifers, and deciduous

shrubsUse climbing equipment safelyHandle laddersUse power wood chipper safelyClimb treesUse aerial lift equipment safelySelect appropriate pruning equipmentUse hand pruning tools (e.g., saws, shears)Operate saws and power shears safelyOperate hydraulic equipment

bi 3

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Explain pruning principles and techniques

Competency Builders:Identify pruning cuts: CODIT (compartmentalization of decay in trees)Explain central leader systemExplain open center systemExplain modified leader systemExplain espalieringExplain topiaryExplain thinningExplain heading backExplain shearingExplain root prune

Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P

Competency: Maintain basic hand pruning tools and equipment

Competency Builders:Sharpen pruning tools and equipmentAdjust pruning tools and equipmentLubricate pruning tools and equipmentStore pruning tools and equipmentSterilize pruning tools

BIL: EssentialNot applicable for NT

EDU:12 AD AC

P

Competency: Work in the tree

Competency Builders:Demonstrate safe climbing techniquesDemonstrate cabling and bracingInstall lightning protectionUse basic rigging systemsSafely cull trees and shrubsShape trees and shrubsRepair trees and shrubsSafely use ropes and knots

146132

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Demonstrate diagnostic procedure for plant problems

Competency Builders:Describe the diagnostic processExplain tree stress and the "healthy" treeIdentify common insects and diseasesDescribe physiological disorders and injuriesDescribe prevention treatment and continued plant health careDemonstrate methods of applying fertilizer to trees and shrubsIdentify abiotic problems (e.g., weedeater, mechanical, paving damage)

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Identify tree and shrub pests

Competency Builders:Differentiate chewing, sucking, boring, and rasping insectsDifferentiate bacterial, viral, and fungal diseasesExplain preventative measures to protect trees and shrubs from injuries

BIL: EssentialNot applicable for NT

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Manage pests in mature trees and shrubs

Competency Builders:Select the proper pesticideIdentify coverage and coverage requirementsPrepare pesticide solutionsAdjust sprayersOperate sprayersSpray prescribed area safelyClean sprayersRepair sprayers

149135

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Evaluate trees

Competency Builders:Identify nutritional deficienciesPrevent injury to trees and shrubsRecognize mechanical injuryRecognize damage caused by rodents and deerRecognize water injuryRecognize hazardous trees

BIL: EssentialNot applicable for NT

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Remove trees

Competency Builders:Fell treesPrepare area for safetyPrepare drop areaSelect proper equipmentApply safety proceduresMake primary notch cutMake final cutBuck limbsDemonstrate ropes/knots/rigging

151137

BIL: EssentialNot applicable for NT

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Repair mature plant material

Competency Builders:Support limbsBrace limbsClean cavities and splitsTreat cavities and splits

BIL: EssentialNot applicable for NT

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Describe the arborist's legal responsibilities

Competency Builders:Explain pesticide liabilityExplain property liability

153139

Unit: Landscape Construction

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Install the project landscape

Competency Builders:Locate existing utilitiesRough grade the siteOutline procedures for installing large materialsInstall irrigation systemDescribe procedures for constructing hardscape (e.g., walls, walks, patio, drives)Lay out plantsInstall plants (i.e., remove labels, fertilizer application)Prepare final gradeInstall lawns and turfsInstall mulchWater as requiredPerform final cleanup (tool search)

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Install a drainage system

Competency Builders:Identify the natural slope/grade of an areaIdentify the texture and percolation characteristics of the soilIdentify techniques for constructing ditches and culvertsDirect the movement of water away from structures and installationsPlan the construction of an underground drainage systemOrder appropriate fill materialsIdentify proper elevations for a landscape siteGrade a landscape siteRead soils and contour maps

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Install an irrigation system

Competency Builders:Identify irrigation requirementsAssess quality of irrigation waterPlan an irrigation systemSupervise the installation of irrigation equipmentService electric and engine driven pumpsOperate a low-volume irrigation systemOperate an overhead irrigation systemOperate an automatic irrigation systemCalculate cost efficiency of an irrigation system

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I

Competency: Construct with concrete

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsSelect hand concrete toolsUse hand concrete toolsExcavate structure sites for concrete pouringInstall concrete reinforcementBuild concrete formsRemove concrete formsMix and pour concreteCure concreteUse survey levelSelect concrete materials and additivesCalculate volume of concrete to order or mixFinish concrete surfaceLay blockLay brickInstall concrete edgingUse power concrete tools

15,4,7

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P

Competency: Construct with stone and pavers

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsExcavate for foundationApply aggregatesCompact aggregatesGrade sand using screenInstall edgingLay paversLay gravelSelect stoneFace stoneSet landscape stonesLay stoneConstruct wallOperate cutting saws/toolsInstall drainage behind walls

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P

Competency: Construct with wood

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsCut lumber to dimensionCut and fit jointsSelect and use metal fastenersAssemble joints with glueCut and set timber and polesInstall bracingRepair bracingInstall sidingRepair sidingSelect types of woodIdentify use of recycled materials

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I

Competency: Plan electrical installations

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsFollow electrical codesIdentify electrical needsPlan distribution systemPlan wiring layoutsSelect wire and electrical suppliesIdentify alternative electrical sources

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P

Competency: Maintain electrical systems

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsRepair extension cordsInstall low-voltage lighting fixturesReplace or reset circuit breakers and fusesInstall outlets and switchesInstall electric motorsRepair outdoor wiringSplice outdoor wiringLubricate motorsInstall computerized components

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P

Competency: Maintain fencing

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsLay out fenceInstall posts and bracesInstall fastenersIdentify options in fencing systemsIdentify amount of fence requiredSelect fencing materialsSelect posts and bracesSelect fastenersInstall gatesIdentify use of recycled materials (e.g. plastics)

Unit: Golf Course Operations

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Differentiate golf course types

Competency Builders:Classify golf courses by ownershipClassify golf courses by clienteleClassify golf courses by length and layoutClassify golf courses by management structure

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Demonstrate knowledge of golf course design andconstruction

Competency Builders:Identify objective of the constructionExplain cost analysis and financingExplain the role of the architectDescribe form and function of featuresRelate golf course design to length, difficulty of play, flexibility, speed of play,

ease of maintenance, safety, use of landDemonstrate knowledge of installation, irrigation, and drainageDemonstrate turfgrass establishmentDescribe putting green construction according to USGA specificationsCompare other means of putting green constructionDescribe water hazardsDescribe bunker constructionDescribe lateral water hazardsDescribe cart path constructionExplain the length of golf holes and golf coursesExplain the rating of golf holes by par

164150

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Explain chemical programming

Competency Builders:Describe fertilizer and pest control programsDescribe reasons for product selectionExplain purchasingUse application equipment

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Demonstrate knowledge of capital equipment

Competency Builders:Define inventory, valuation, and depreciationIdentify items needing replacementSelect appropriate equipmentExplain purchasing vs. renting or leasingExplain how budgets cover capital itemsExplain importance of preventative maintenance

166152

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Prepare annual budget

Competency Builders:Collect informationInterpret last year's recordsPut budget on paperSell the budgetFollow the budget

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Irrigate plants and turfs

Competency Builders:Identify water needs of plantsIdentify irrigation components and types of systemsIdentify sources of water for irrigationInstall irrigation systems with control valves and clocksIdentify drainage components for different types of drainage systemsInstall drainage systemsRepair irrigation systemsIdentify soil structures to determine proper irrigation and drainage systems (e.g.,

topsoil, subsoil)

168154

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Explain the ground rules of golf course maintenance

Competency Builders:Describe the marking of the course (e.g., lengths, out-of-bounds, hazards, grounds

under repair)Demonstrate the setting of cups and teesIdentify appropriate mowing heightsDemonstrate bunker maintenanceExplain the special needs associated with tournaments, outings, and contestsExplain rules of golf

Unit: Turfgrass Management for Golf Courses

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Establish golf course turf

Competency Builders:Select proper turfgrass species and cultivar for various locations (e.g., cool vs.

warm season, greens, tees, fairways, roughs, maintenance budget, availability,species and cultivar features)

Acquire materialsMeasure site areaDetermine material application rateCalculate amount of material neededExplain interseeding and overseedingPrepare the siteClear the siteRough grade the siteContour the siteFertilize the sitePlant turf (e.g., seeding, sodding, plugging)Calibrate application equipmentDemonstrate sprigging, seeding, sodding, and plugging

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Mow golf course turf

Competency Builders:Explain mowing needs of turfExplain differences and pros and cons of reel mowers vs. rotary mowersDemonstrate rotary mower operation and adjustmentDemonstrate reel mower operation and adjustmentDevelop a golf course mowing schedule, given equipment and manpower

resources and hours of operationMaintain reels

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Irrigate golf course turf

Competency Builders:Explain turfgrass water needsProgram sprinkler controller to achieve turfgrass water needsDemonstrate hand watering of turfDetermine need for irrigation by observing turf and soil

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Fertilize golf course turf

Competency Builders:Demonstrate sampling for a soil testEvaluate soil test resultsExplain types of fertilizers and their compositionDevelop a fertilization plan, given performance needsDevelop a fertilization plan, given budgetDevelop a fertilization plan, given type of turfgrass varietyCalibrate fertilization equipmentApply fertilizer to turf areas

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Demonstrate types of turfgrass cultivation

Competency Builders:Demonstrate aerificationExplain pros and cons of hollow tine aerificationExplain pros and cons of solid tine aerificationDemonstrate high pressure water aerificationExplain pros and cons of high pressure water aerificationDemonstrate spiking/slicingExplain pros and cons of spiking/slicingDemonstrate deep tine aerification (Vertidrain)Explain pros and cons of deep tine aerification (Vertidrain)Demonstrate vertical mowingExplain pros and cons of vertical mowingDemonstrate groomingExplain pros and cons of groomingDemonstrate rollingExplain pros and cons of rollingList methods for topdressingList advantages to different methods for topdressingDemonstrate topdressingExplain pros and cons of topdressingDemonstrate brushingExplain pros and cons of brushing

174160

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Control pests

Competency Builders:Identify common turfgrass insect pests and their damageExplain cultural control methods of common turfgrass insect pests and their

damageList common chemical control for common turfgrass insect pests and their damageIdentify common turfgrass disease pests and their damageExplain cultural control methods for common turfgrass disease pests and their

damageList common chemical controls for common turfgrass disease pests and their

damageApply fundamentals of IPMIdentify common turfgrass weed pestsExplain cultural control methods of common turfgrass weed pestsList common chemical controls for common turfgrass weed pests

175161

Unit: Nursery Operations

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Propagate nursery stock

Competency Builders:Collect propagation materials (e.g., seeds, cuttings, scions, bulbs) at proper timeDemonstrate propagation by grafting, budding, layering, separating, dividing,

cutting, and tissue culturingPrepare flats and a seedbedPlant seedsPrepare a rooting bedPrepare propagation materials (e.g., seeds, cuttings, scions) for plantingApply growth stimulants to propagation materialsControl propagation facility environment (e.g., moisture, temperature, light, pH

and fertilization of field grown material)Transplant rooted propagation materials, including tissue culture transplantsDemonstrate sanitation and safety practices

I 7 6162

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Market nursery stock

Competency Builders:Label plants for saleMaintain clean and attractive merchandising and display areasUse various advertising methods to promote salesTake telephone ordersUse sales catalogGreet customersDescribe care and use of plants to customers

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Perform field and container planting and maintenance

Competency Builders:Manage material in cold storageUse cover cropsDescribe elements of soil preparation in the field (e.g., drainage, pH, nutrient

levels)Design field layout and spacing, including irrigation systems and erosion controlMaintain field nursery (e.g., mowing, weed control, pruning, spraying, fertilizing)Demonstrate sanitation and safety practicesPrune nursery stockShape nursery stockPrune plants to achieve desired growthSelect chemical growth regulatorsUse chemical growth regulatorsRoot-prune nursery plants and treesIdentify techniques for pruning specialty items (e.g., topiary, espalier, bonsai)

178164

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Perform field harvesting

Competency Builders:Use specialized digging equipmentPerform hand digging, ball and burlapPerform bare root diggingDetermine care of ball and burlap and bare root plants before plantingIdentify proper loading and shipping techniques

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Demonstrate agronomy knowledge

Competency Builders:Identify soil types and the properties of eachExplain soil amendments and how they are used (e.g., peat, sand, clay, compost)Demonstrate how irrigation and drainage systems affect soil and plant health

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Irrigate plants

Competency Builders:Identify various types of irrigation components and systemsUse various types of irrigation components and systemsSet up irrigation system for propagation areaSet up irrigation system for greenhouse or enclosed structureSet up irrigation system for shadehouseSet up irrigation system for retail display areaSet up irrigation system for field growing area

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Prepare growing media and seeds

Competency Builders:Prepare rooting and growing media according to plant requirementsSterilize rooting, potting, and growing mediaCollect and test a soil sample from field and potting mediaAdjust pH and nutritional levels of mediaPrepare planting beds and sitesFill benches and pots with mediaLevel benches and pots with mediaDemonstrate sanitation practices when handling and storing plant media materialsConstruct drainage ditches in field growing areaRepair drainage ditches in field growing area

1'4

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Propagate plant materials

Competency Builders:Collect propagation materials (e.g., seeds, cuttings, scions, bulbs) at proper timeDemonstrate propagation by grafting, budding, separating, dividing, cuttingExplain layering and tissue culturePrepare flats and seedbedsPlant seedsPrepare a rooting bedPrepare propagation materials (e.g., seeds, cuttings) for plantingApply growth stimulants to propagation materialsControl propagation facility environment (e.g., moisture, temperature, light)Transplant rooted propagation materials, including tissue culture transplantsDemonstrate sanitation and safety practices when propagatingIdentify proper tools and their maintenance (e.g., sterilization)

I 3 369

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Control plant growth by cultural, environmental, andchemical methods

Competency Builders:Disbud flowering plantsApply growth-regulating chemicalsApply shading compound to greenhouse structurePrune plants to achieve desired growth

184170

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Irrigate plants

Competency Builders:Identify water needs of plantsIdentify irrigation components and types of systemsIdentify sources of water for irrigationInstall irrigation systems with control valves and clocksRepair irrigation systemsIdentify soil structures to determine proper irrigation and drainage systems (e.g.,

topsoil, subsoil)

1F7a5

Unit: Floral Design

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Explain the use of value as it relates to floral design

Competency Builders:Describe the number of flowers used in a $25.00 arrangementExplain the concept of over-stuffing an arrangement and the consequence to the

businessDescribe how to arrive at proper value for an arrangement

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Explain the use of color as it relates to floral design

Competency Builders:Describe monochromatic color as it relates to floral designDescribe analogous color as it relates to floral designDescribe complementary and split complementary as it relates to floral designDescribe triadic color scheme as it relates to floral designDescribe color as it relates to interior design (e.g., floral shop, customers' homes,

and businesses)Mix colors (e.g., to create a color to match an accessory)Describe colors to go with situations (e.g., baby boy - blue, baby girl pink)Describe color principles and use of color wheel

187173

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Demonstrate care and handling of flowers and greens

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsExplain importance of bucket and tool cleanliness and disinfectionIdentify temperature needsUse proper cutting techniqueMix preservatives and treatmentsStrip foliageSeparate flower varieties and colorIdentify ethylene sources (e.g., fruits)Identify preservatives and treatmentsSelect preservatives and treatmentsIdentify major cut flowers and decorative foliageExplain the correct procedure for unpacking and storing cut flowersDifferentiate non-saleable and healthy flowers

188174

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Process potted plants, planters, and dish gardens

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsIdentify foliage and blooming plants for specific plant needs (e.g., light, water, and

temperature)Clean plants and containersTrim plantsDecorate plants and containersAttach care instructionsAttach price tags and Universal Product Codes (UPC's)Explain the correct procedure for handling potted plants in the flower shopDecorate and package a potted flowering plant for saleIdentify plant pests and/or diseasesDecorate with fresh/dried flowers

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Construct floral arrangements

Competency Builders:Identify flowers and foliageIdentify arrangement style for occasionSelect flowers, foliage, and containers for specific tasksConstruct asymmetrical arrangementsConstruct round arrangementsConstruct oblong arrangementsConstruct vertical arrangementsConstruct horizontal arrangementsConstruct triangular arrangementsApply color principlesApply principles and elements of designIdentify design variationsIdentify principles of designIdentify principles of efficient production of multiple piecesConstruct bud vasesConstruct handheld bouquets (e.g., hand-ties, presentation bouquets)Use silk and dry materialsArrange fruit basketsConstruct sympathy arrangementsConstruct party arrangementsConstruct wedding arrangementsConstruct contemporary arrangements (e.g., free form, vegetative, parallel, etc.)

IPP

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Prepare materials for arrangements

Competency Builders:Identify flowers/foliageWire and tape materialsSelect and prepare accessoriesMake bowsPrepare containers using proper mechanics (e.g., oasis, Sahara, tape, chicken wire,

styrofoam, etc.)Use tulle, ribbon, netting, and lace as neededSpray/tint dried and live floral products as neededExplain the proper use of various floral containers and basesExplain sizes and use of florist wireExplain sizes, grades, and uses of floral ribbon and nettingExplain use of various mechanical aids used in floral design

191177

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Design dish gardens (planters)

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsSelect plant containersArrange plants in a containerFill containers with soilIdentify foliage and blooming plantsSelect plants that are environmentally compatiblePrepare planters for sale (e.g., cleaning plant and container, and watering)Design custom dish gardensTrim with fresh or dried flowers and/or ribbons

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Prepare wedding flowers

Competency Builders:Identify proper flower/foliageFollow wedding form instructions (e.g., proper bouquet knowledge and

flower/foliage knowledge)Construct novelty type bouquetsConstruct colonial/nosegay bouquetsConstruct arm-style bouquetsConstruct assorted cascade bouquetsConstruct traditional bouquetsConstruct wedding boutonnieres and corsagesConstruct rehearsal dinner, wedding and reception decorationsSet up rehearsal dinner, wedding and reception decorationsDismantle wedding decorationsService weddingPerform maintenance of rental decorationsAssist with design of custom wedding flowers

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Prepare sympathy flowers

Competency Builders:Take specialty ordersExplain styles of sympathy arrangementsIdentify proper flowers/foliage for style chosenIdentify funeral home proceduresConstruct mechanics for assorted funeral piecesConstruct assorted casket piecesConstruct easel/standing sprays or wreathsConstruct vasesConstruct pillowsAssist with design of custom sympathy flowers

194

180

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Maintain floral shop equipment and facilities

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsUse assorted floral cleaning supplies (e.g., bucket cleaner)Clean display coolersClean storage containers and floral bucketsPerform general cleaning of showroom, work room, etc.Maintain sidewalks and parking area (e.g., snow and ice removal)Sharpen cutting toolsLubricate cutting toolsTake an inventory

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Deliver merchandise

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsRead an order correctlyLoad floral arrangements properlyOutline delivery routeMaintain company image (e.g., personal appearance and ability to present

themselves in a professional manner)Unload merchandiseMaintain a good driving record and a driver's licenseRead a road mapDescribe proper weather protection of floral arrangementsDescribe proper procedure to follow for non-deliverable arrangements

") 6182

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Prepare silk/dry arrangements

Competency Builders:Prepare mechanics/containerUse equipment properly (e.g., Pik machine, glue gun, hot melt/pan glue, cool melt,

wire cutters, etc.)Design custom silk/dry arrangements

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Prepare flowers to wear

Competency Builders:Wire and tape flowers and foliage efficientlyUse floral glues and adhesives to construct or enhance flowers to wearMake bowsConstruct boutonnieresConstruct shoulder corsagesConstruct wristletsConstruct fashion flowers (e.g., hat, purse, or shoe decorations)Construct hair flowersPackage corsages and boutonnieresDesign custom flowers to coordinate with clothing

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Take general customer's orders

Competency Builders:Take an order over the phone and in personInterpret an order formTake proper information needed for a specific orderDescribe various types of floral industry wire services and the proper way to place

and receive ordersApply basic computer skills in using a wire service computer

199186

Unit: Soil Science and Management

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Explain the importance of soil

Competency Builders:Describe soil as a life supporting layer of materialDescribe soil as a medium for plant growthIdentify agricultural uses of soilIdentify nonagricultural uses of soilDescribe land use in the U.S.

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Describe the geology of soil

Competency Builders:Identify the four major layers of the earthIdentify soil componentsDefine parent materialDifferentiate among the major types of parent materialDescribe the role of climate, organisms, and plants in soil formationDescribe the role of topography in soil formationList the forms of plant life found in poor soil conditionsDefine soil profileIdentify the soil horizons in a soil profileDifferentiate between surface soil and subsoil

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P.Competency: Describe composition of soil

Competency Builders:List the main components found in a normal soilExplain the composition of the solid part of the soilDescribe the main sources of organic matterList the approximate percentage in which each of the soil properties is found in a

normal soilDifferentiate between soil low in organic matter and soil high in organic matterExplain the value of each soil component with regard to proper growth of plants

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Identify physical properties of soil

Competency Builders:Define soil textureDefine soil density and permeabilityDescribe soil structureDefine soil consistenceDefine soil tilthDescribe the role of soil temperatureExplain the significance of soil colorInterpret the organic matter content of the surface soil using soil colorInterpret internal drainage of the subsoil by observing soil colorDifferentiate between "light" and "heavy" soilsDetermine the texture of a soil sampleClassify soil samples using the textural triangle as a guideExplain the effects of soil structure on productivityExplain why dark color is not always due to organic matter contentExplain the effects of organic matter on soil structureDescribe the effects of soil structure on infiltration, percolation, and the potential

for ground water contaminationExplain how soil type affects crop identificationCompare root restricting boundaries (e.g., plow pan, fragipan, etc.)Describe factors that contribute to the formation of tillage or traffic pansDescribe methods for alleviating traffic pans (e.g., subsoiling, reduced tillage, no-

till)

203190

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Describe the biological properties of soil

Competency Builders:List the biological properties of soilsExplain how biological properties affect the nature and conditions of the soilIdentify the microorganisms that are found in the soilList the soil microorganisms that are found in the soilList the soil microorganisms that are beneficial to farmersDescribe the role of higher forms of plant and animal life in the soilExplain the nitrogen and phosphorus cycleExplain where the energy comes from to carry out the nitrogen transformationsIdentify common bacteria in the nitrogen cycleExplain the symbiotic relationship between bacteria and plantsSpecify where bacteria are located in the roots of the plantsExplain nitrogen fixationIdentify the roles of different types of bacteria in nitrogen fixationDescribe the concept of mineralization and immobilization of plant nutrients by

soil microorganismsExplain the biological effects on soils when amended with fertilizers, pesticides,

and recyclable materials such as municipal wastesDescribe the effects of poor drainage or waterlogging on soil properties and plant

growth

2 0 4191

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Describe the chemical properties of soil

Competency Builders:List the chemical properties of soilExplain how chemical properties affect the biological properties of soil and the

nature and conditions of the soilExplain the effect of cation-exchange capacity on plant productionExplain the chemical effects on soil when amended with fertilizers, pesticides and

recyclable materials such as municipal wastesDescribe the effect of sand, silt and clay content on water and nutrient holding

ability of soil (CEC)Explain how charges on clay particles affect nutrient retentionCompare different types of clay to soil nutrient availability

2 0 5

192

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Define soil acidity and alkalinity

Competency Builders:Define pHCreate a chart of the pH scale to show degrees of soil acidity and alkalinityConduct laboratory tests for acidity of common products (e.g., fresh milk, sour

milk, orange juice, and lemon juice)Explain how calcium affects soil acidity and the availability of other elementsExplain how pH symbols are used in denoting the degree of acidity and alkalinity

in soilsDescribe the conditions that lead to soil acidity or alkalinityList the optimum soil pH range for the major cropsExplain how soil acidity or basicity is correctedExplain how soil pH affects the availability of nutrients

206193

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Demonstrate knowledge of soil water

Competency Builders:Define gravitational, capillary and hygroscopic waterDemonstrate the water holding capacities of sandy and clay soilsDetermine soil water availabilityList ways available water can be lost by soilsIdentify the important factors in determining water movement in the soilExplain the main purpose of water conservationExplain how strip cropping can contribute to the conservation of soil waterDescribe two types of mulchExplain how production techniques influence the efficiency with which water is

utilized by plantsExplain water holding capacity and how to determine field soil moistureExplain the effect of texture and structure on field capacityDescribe responsibilities to ground water qualityDescribe the plant, soil, and environmental factors that influence crop responses to

irrigationList several devices or methods used to schedule irrigation to conserve water and

maximize crop yields

r4- U

194

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Explain liming to correct soil acidity

Competency Builders:List the benefits obtained from liming a soilList the steps involved in liming acid soils used for growing plantsExplain how lime reduces soil acidityExplain how to determine the lime requirements for a specific cropIdentify different kinds of lime materialsDescribe the appearance of plants growing in soils of different pH levelsList some sources of commercial limeDescribe different methods of applying lime and the type of equipment usedFormulate a liming schedule for various cropsExplain the effect of soil acidity on soil structure, water infiltration and soil

aggregationList some problems and effects associated with over-liming soilExplain how lime particle size affects its ability to reduce soil acidityList several materials that can be used to increase soil acidity or lower pHDefine dolomite limestone and calcitic limestone

208195

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Test soil samples to determine characteristics

Competency Builders:Collect soil samples from test areaComplete soil data formsRecord texture, structure, temperature and color of each soil layerAnalyze soil dataWrite report

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Test plant tissue samples

Competency Builders:Take plant tissue samplesSubmit prepared plant tissue samples and forms to analysis laboratoryInterpret results of plant analysis

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Test water samples

Competency Builders:Take water samplesSubmit water samples to analysis laboratoryInterpret results of water test

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Manage soil

Competency Builders:Evaluate soil drainageIdentify soil texture and percent organic matterIdentify soil structure and typeDetermine slopeDetermine soil-use capability for agricultureDetermine suitability of soil for nonagricultural usesEvaluate problems affecting soil use and managementDetermine management and conservation practicesImplement management and conservation practicesComply with government regulations and guidelines

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Practice soil conservation

Competency Builders:Define various types of erosionExplain how water erosion occursIdentify methods of predicting soil lossDemonstrate use of the Universal Soil Loss EquationDescribe ways of controlling water erosionDescribe wind erosion and its effects

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Demonstrate knowledge of irrigation and drainage

Competency Builders:Explain the importance of drainageDefine wetlands and wet soilsDescribe methods of artificial drainageIdentify types of irrigation systemsDescribe the use of irrigationAnalyze water quality

Unit: Environmental Science and Ethics

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Explain the relationship between plants and animals withinecosystems

Competency Builders:Classify the major categories of organismsDifferentiate among biomesDifferentiate among types of ecosystemsExplain the dynamic nature of ecosystemsDefine habitat and its importance to natural systemsIdentify the functions of producers and consumersExplain how biotic and abiotic factors affect producers and consumersCategorize the various forms of animal lifeDescribes the interactions between producers, consumers, decomposers, and

antagonistsIllustrate a food chain and food web

215202

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Describe the character and value of natural resources

Competency Builders:Describe the value of natural resourcesDescribe the major categories of natural resourcesDescribe the types and distributions of natural resourcesContrast the origins of natural resourcesDifferentiate between renewable and non-renewable natural resources

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Identify renewable natural resources

Competency Builders:Define renewable natural resourcesDefine the major categories of renewable natural resourcesIdentify the origins of renewable natural resourcesDescribe the value of renewable natural resources

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Identify non-renewable natural resources

Competency Builders:Define non-renewable natural resourcesDefine the major categories of non-renewable natural resourcesIdentify the origins of non-renewable natural resourcesDescribe the value of non-renewable natural resources

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Evaluate the exploitation of natural resources

Competency Builders:Describe natural events that altered the environmentDescribe various methods used to obtain natural resourcesDescribe effects of obtaining natural resources on the environmentIdentify the primary factor for the exploitation of natural resourcesIdentify the technological advances contributing to the exploitation of natural

resources by industryIdentify the technological advances contributing to the exploitation of natural

resources by agricultureIdentify the transportation advances contributing to the exploitation of natural

resources

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Describe the impact of an increasing human population onthe environment

Competency Builders:Define doubling time, natural increase, natural decrease, rate of population

change, and zero population growthInterpret a population profileIdentify the results of the increases in the population on the environment

22 0207

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Explain the consequences of resource use and abuse on theenvironment

Competency Builders:Trace the effects of pollution through a food chainDifferentiate between biodegradable and non biodegradable productsDifferentiate between organic farming and farming practices that incorporate the

use of biocides and inorganic fertilizers and their comparative effects on theenvironment

Describe solid-waste disposal methods and groundwater contaminationIdentify several causes for the reduction of habitatDifferentiate among the various types of habitatExplain why preservation of habitat is essentialDefine threatened, endangered, introduced and extinct as applied to both plant and

animal speciesList examples of threatened, endangered, introduced and extinct plant and animal

speciesCite causes for the decrease of both plant and animal speciesExplain the circumstances contributing to accidental, incidental, and deliberate

resource abuseIdentify the results of overuse that occurred from exploitation

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Identify the impact of individuals/organizations on thedevelopment of environmental policies and issues

Competency Builders:List prominent individuals/organizations involved with environmental issuesExplain current trends in property rights and compensationIdentify the major issues addressed by environmental organizationsIdentify major incidents that have resulted in legislationMatch major events in restoration and / or conservation activities to the

individuals/organizations responsibleEvaluate results of environmental restoration and conservation effortsIdentify pros and cons of environmental organizations

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I

Competency: Evaluate the effects of research and education onenvironmental issues

Competency Builders:Identify the methods of research used by both public and private agencies in

restoration and conservation effortsIdentify the process used in restoration and conservation researchExplain the interrelationship between research and educationEvaluate the outcome of environmental research projects

223210

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Explain government's role in environmental restorationand conservation

Competency Builders:Describe the effects legislation has had on the environmentIdentify federal and state agencies and their roles in restoration and conservation

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I

Competency: Describe the impact and implications of environmentalrestoration

Competency Builders:Explain the importance of environmental restorationCite examples of various levels of environmental restorationIdentify the results of restoration effortsDescribe economic issues of restoration projectsIdentify non-economic benefits of restoration activities

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Describe the impact and implications of resourceconservation

Competency Builders:Explain the importance of resource conservationCite examples of various levels of resource conservationIdentify the results of conservation effortsDescribe economic issues of conservation effortsIdentify non-economic benefits of conservation activities

213

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I

Competency: Describe the impact and implications of environmentalpreservation

Competency Builders:Explain the importance of environmental preservationCite examples of environmental preservationIdentify the results of preservation effortsDescribe economic issues of preservation effortsIdentify non-economic benefits of preservation activities

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Identify the environmental ethical issues in agriculture

Competency Builders:Define organic agricultureExplain the environmental issues regarding the use of genetically engineered

plants in agricultureIdentify agricultural methods/practices that reduce negative effects on the

environment

215

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Identify the role of responsible stewardship in maintaininga healthy environment

Competency Builders:Define responsible stewardshipExplain the need for responsible stewardship and environmental accountabilityIdentify types of environmental accountabilityCite examples of each type of environmental accountabilityCite results stemming from responsible stewardship

229216

Unit: Crop Pest Identification and Management

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Identify pests

Competency Builders:Explain why identification of the pest is the first step in developing an effective

pest control strategyDefine what a pest isIdentify common plant pests and their damagesExplain differences between continuous pests, sporadic pests, and potential pestsIdentify fungi and bacteria and their symptomsIdentify symptoms of insects and nematodesClassify feeding habits and life cycles of insectsDescribe life cycles of bacteria and fungiIdentify noxious weeds and vines of crops and specialty plantsIdentify insects, diseases, and other pathogens of crops and specialty plants

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Determine when pest control is needed

Competency Builders:Identify pestDetermine pest control goal (e.g., prevention, suppression, eradication)Determine acceptable threshold level of pests

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Explain Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Competency Builders:Explain the theory of Integrated Pest ManagementExplain natural controls (e.g., climate, natural enemies, geographic barriers, food

and water supplies, shelter)Explain applied controls (e.g., host resistance, biological control, cultural control,

mechanical control, sanitation, and chemical control)

232219

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Plan an Integrated Pest Management control program

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsIdentify insects, diseases, weeds, and vertebrate pestsIdentify pest damageCalculate area to be coveredComplete certification requirements for prescribed chemical applicationEvaluate chemical/cultural/biological control optionsInterpret chemical labels and compatibility chartsIdentify appropriate control methodsIdentify disease-resistant and insect-resistant speciesEstimate pest population numbersAssess degree of damageOutline when controls are neededRecognize environmental limitationsSelect control optionTake pesticide applicator testCompute treatment costDocument chemical application, methods, and results

3 3

220

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Interpret pesticide labeling

Competency Builders:Explain pesticide registration including Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),

special local needs, and emergency exemptionsExplain "restricted-use pesticide"Identify certification requirements for use of restricted-use pesticidesInterpret restricted use designation on labelsInterpret ingredient statement on pesticide labelsInterpret identifying information on pesticide labels (e.g., brand name, registration

number, establishment number, manufacturer, net contents, type of pesticide,type of formulation)

Interpret precautionary statements (e.g., signal words, symbols, first-aid measures)Interpret hazard warnings (e.g., acute effects, delayed effects, allergic effects,

personal protective equipment required, environmental hazards, physicalhazards, and chemical hazards)

Interpret "Directions for use "requirementsExplain importance of following "Directions for use"Interpret entry statementsInterpret storage and disposal requirementsExplain legal requirements of following label instructions

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Demonstrate knowledge of pesticide formulations

Competency Builders:Explain what a pesticide formulation isExplain the difference between active ingredients and inert ingredientsIdentify the factors to consider when choosing a formulationIdentify the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of different types of

pesticide formulationsExplain the purpose of adjuvantsList several types of adjuvantsExplain compatability of pesticides

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency Explain how pesticides can affect the environment

Competency Builders:Explain the meaning of the word environmentDistinguish between point-sources and non-point-sources of environmental

contamination by pesticidesList ways that careless pesticide handling can lead to point-source pollutionList the environmental factors that should be considered when a pesticide is

accidentally or intentionally released into the environmentGives examples of sensitive areasDescribe factors that influence whether pesticides will move off site in the airDescribe factors that influence whether pesticides will move off site in the waterDescribe ways pesticides move off site in or on objects, plants, or animalsExplain how non-target plants and animals can be harmed by a pesticideDescribe the harmful effects that pesticides can have on surfacesIdentify pesticide handling activities that pose a threat to groundwater or

endangered speciesExplain how pesticide use site determines special actions needed to protect the

environmentIdentify factors that determine whether pesticides will reach ground waterExplain how to prevent pesticides from reaching groundwaterExplain the importance of the Endangered Species Act when applying pesticides

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Use personal protective equipment when working withpesticides

Competency Builders:Explain the concepts of hazard, exposure, and toxicity and how they relate to one

anotherIdentify the four main ways pesticides can contact the human bodyList the factors that determine how quickly pesticides will be absorbed through the

skinExplain the main types of acute effects pesticides can cause in humansExplain the main types of delayed effects pesticides can cause in humansExplain the main types of allergic effects pesticides can cause in humansDescribe general signs and symptoms of pesticide poisoning and of pesticide

irritationDescribe appropriate first-aid for pesticide exposuresDescribe your legal responsibility for following personal protective equipment

requirements in pesticide labelingDefine chemical resistantIdentify factors that determine how well coveralls will protect the bodyExplain the importance of wearing chemical-resistant gloves when handling

pesticidesIdentify when protective headgear should be wornDescribe appropriate protective headgearIdentify appropriate protective eyewearDifferentiate between dust/mist filtering respirators, vapor-removing resPirators,

and air-supplying respiratorsDescribe the special hazards that fumigants poseUse appropriate personal protective equipment when handling or applying

pesticidesClean personal protective equipmentMaintain personal protective equipment

2 .3 7224

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Apply pesticides

Competency Builders:Complete certification requirements for prescribed chemical applicationSelect pesticides according to product labelDescribe how to protect the water source at the mixing siteSelect appropriate site for mixing pesticidesUse appropriate personal protective equipment while mixing or loading pesticidesExplain safe handling of pesticide containersDetermine whether selected pesticides can be safely mixedExplain closed system mixing and loadingExplain enclosed application systemsExplain when pesticide containment systems are appropriateList the advantages of pesticide containment systemsIdentify which types of pesticides must be diluted before applicationExplain how to dilute pesticidesDilute pesticidesCalculate the correct amount of dilute pesticide mixture for the applicationMix pesticidesExplain safety procedures that should be followed each time a pesticide is appliedExplain the importance of applying the correct amount of pesticideDescribe how to determine correct amount of pesticide to applyIdentify ways that application rates may be stated on product labelCalculate the application rateExplain the importance of calibrating pesticide application equipmentCalibrate equipmentExplain the importance of rechecking calibration equipment frequentlyApply pesticidesClean pesticide equipmentDescribe what to do with rinsates from equipment cleanupDescribe personal cleanup after pesticide handlingExplain the importance of accurate records of pesticide applications

258

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Handle pesticides safely

Competency Builders:List safety precautions for transporting pesticides in a vehicleDescribe how to protect pesticide containers during transportList actions needed to establish and maintain a safe storage siteDescribe what to do when a pesticide containers leaksExplain what to do with excess pesticides that are still usableList acceptable ways to dispose of pesticide wastesDispose of pesticide containers in compliance with local, state, federal, and EPA

regulationsList ways to avoid the need to dispose of empty pesticide containersIdentify the three C's of spill managementExplain the steps to take in each of the three C'sIdentify sources of assistance for managing a spill

Unit: Fertilization of Crops

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Practice GPS/GIS technology

Competency Builders:Practice grid samplingInterpret sample resultsCalculate recommendationsEvaluate yield resultsOverlay different surfaces using GPS/GISInterpolate differencesAnalyze VRT technologyIdentify compaction differencesAnalyze variable rate planting

240227

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Identify nutrient requirements of plants

Competency Builders:Identify groups into which nutrient requirements of plants are dividedDescribe the interactions of nutrient availability levels on nutrient toxicity and

deficiencyIdentify toxicity symptoms caused by excessive manganese and aluminumIdentify major sources of N, P, K, S, Ca and Mg in soilsIdentify factors that influence the availability of these nutrients in soilsExplain how soil pH affects nutrient availabilityExplain how different types of root systems affect plant nutrient uptake

241228

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Determine fertilization needs

Competency Builders:Identify factors influencing fertilizer requirementsUse results of soil analysis to determine soil nutrient levelsIdentify symptoms of plant nutrient deficiencyDetermine crop nutrient needsDetermine amounts and kinds of nutrients and lime to applyEvaluate effect of leaching on nutrient availabilityEvaluate influence of soil pH on nutrient availabilityAnalyze manure-sample informationDefine meaning of NPK and trace elements on fertilizer information

242229

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Differentiate between organic and inorganic fertilizers

Competency Builders:Identify sources of inorganic fertilizersIdentify sources of organic fertilizersIdentify the main plant nutrients supplied by inorganic and organic fertilizersIdentify multi nutrient fertilizersExplain how plants obtain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and

potassiumDifferentiate between a fertilizer grade and a fertilizer analysisExplain the fertilizer ratio of a 5-10-5 gradeExplain where most of the nitrogen in the soil is derivedDescribe the advantages and disadvantages of dry versus liquid fertilizerExplain the advantages of foliar fertilizationIdentify the factors that influence the efficiency of applied fertilizer such as

leaching or fixation

243230

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Describe the application of fertilizers

Competency Builders:Explain the economic factors to consider in buying fertilizersDescribe the methods of applying solid and liquid fertilizersExplain the purpose of the different placements of fertilizer in the soilList the ways fertilizer benefits crop productionExplain how fertilizer applications can decrease crop productionIdentify possible losses of each major nutrient and their influences on quality of

water in lakes and streams, groundwater quality, and atmospheric qualityPractice calibration of equipment in applying fertilizerExplain variable rate fertilization using GPS

244

231

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I

Competency: Develop fertilization plan

Competency Builders:Interpret fertilization-rate chartsSelect fertilizer analysisSelect fertilizer application methodEstimate costs of lime and fertilizer recommendationsDevelop fertilization scheduleDetermine amount of lime needed to maintain pH levelsCalculate fertilization rates required for maximum return per dollar

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Fertilize crops

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsFollow recommended amounts, timing, and placement of fertilizersInterpret information on a fertilizer labelMix fertilizer solutionsCalibrate fertilizer application ratesTransfer liquid fertilizer from nurse tank to applicatorApply fertilizerApply fertilizer using computerized, on-the-go methodRecognize signs of fertilizer injuryIdentify safety factors involved in handling NH3Clean fertilizer equipmentMaintain fertilizer equipmentHandle all types of fertilizers

'246233

Unit: Crop Production

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Explain agricultural concepts

Competency Builders:Differentiate between seed crops and vegetative cropsDescribe the life cycle of a crop plant (e.g., from seed to vegetative stage to

reproductive stage to seed)Explain multiple croppingDefine forageExplain the purpose of cover cropsIdentify uses of tillageDefine conventional tillageDefine conservation tillageIdentify differences between conventional and conservation tillageDescribe cropping systemsDescribe dryland farmingDescribe organic farmingCompare organic farming to standard production systemsDescribe hydroponic crop productionDescribe permacultureExplain crop rotationIdentify equipment used for tilling, seeding, cultivating, harvesting, etc.Explain "fly-safe date"Explain "Days-to-Maturity" rating systemExplain GDD (Growing Degree Days) maturity rating systemExplain factors to consider when choosing what crop to produceExplain factors to consider when selecting seedDescribe procedures for harvesting cropsDescribe procedures for storing cropsExplain the use of Global Positioning Systems in agricultureExplain the use of Geographic Information Systems in agriculture

234 247

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Demonstrate a knowledge of crops common to Ohio

Competency Builders:Identify small grain crops common to OhioIdentify corn crops common to OhioIdentify forage crops common to OhioIdentify alternative crops common to OhioIdentify cover crops common to OhioDescribe the economic importance of various cropsDescribe the practices necessary to produce various cropsIdentify the major advantages and disadvantages of various crops

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Explain plant nutrition as related to crop production

Competency builders:Define green manure cropsExplain the relationship of adequate fertilization to yieldsExplain the relationship of tillering in grain cropsExplain the relationship of return on investment in crop productionDescribe purpose of inoculation of legume seeds with nitrogen fixing organismsExplain minimum, optimum, and luxury consumption of soil nutrients by the plantCompare nutrients in the soil versus what plants get from air and water

?34 9

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Explain plant fertilization as related to crop production

Competency Builders:Identify deficiencies caused by the lack of the minor elementsDifferentiate between organic and inorganic fertilizersDescribe the advantages and disadvantages of organic versus inorganic fertilizersIdentify global uses of inorganic and organic fertilizersDescribe the pollution hazards associated with over fertilizationDescribe the latest techniques used to dispense only required amounts of fertilizer

for crops

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Identify environmental factors affecting crops

Competency Builders:List some warm and cool season cropsList optimum growth conditions for different types of plantsExplain how crops may be managed to maximize environmental resources (e.g.,

establishing crop canopies to intercept 100% of light energy prior to fruiting,planting at a date that ensures sufficient biomass to obtain maximum yield)

Describe the influence of day length on plant growthExplain how the cycle of the seasons influences plant growthIdentify how planting date, row spacing, and plant population affect crop yield and

quality

5 1238

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Explain weed control of crops

Competency Builders:List ways weeds spreadList reasons weeds are harmfulList methods of weed controlExplain mode of action of common herbicidesExplain weed resistance to herbicidesDescribe possible applications of genetic engineering and gene splicing to weed

controlExplain how herbicides kill weedsExplain why some herbicides are applied before or after a crop is plantedExplain why weed problems depend on when they occur during growing season of

cropIdentify the major weed species and options available for controlling each

or2J239

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Explain moisture control

Competency Builders:Define irrigation, mulch, organic matter, runoff, seepage, subsoiling, and tillageList three methods of moisture controlList the cultural practices used in moisture control (i.e., annually and at planting)Describe importance of internal and external drainage in soils for crop productionDescribe importance of irrigation to cropsDescribe the methods of irrigation (e.g., drip, furrow, sprinkler, flood)Explain the hydrologic cycleExplain how irrigation causes salinity problemsExplain salt water intrusion in irrigation wellsExplain subsidence caused by removal of irrigation waterDescribe methods used to reduce irrigation water lossExplain the use of tensiometers and moisture metersExplain permacultureExplain irrigation scheduling

3

240

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Test soil and plant tissues

Competency Builders:Take soil samplesSubmit prepared soil samples and forms to analysis laboratoryTake plant tissue samplesSubmit prepared plant tissue samples and forms to analysis laboratoryInterpret soil analysis resultsInterpret plant analysis resultsMonitor nutrient levels with infield equipment

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Determine land class capability

Competency Builders:Evaluate soil drainageIdentify soil texture and percent organic matterIdentify soil structure and typeDetermine slopeDetermine soil use capability and suitabilityExplain factors to consider when planting on reclaimed land (minesoil)Follow government regulations and guidelinesUse infrared mapping

2 5 5242

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Practice soil and water conservation

Competency Builders:Explain soil and water conservation structures and methodsMaintain soil and water conservation structures and methodsEvaluate planting and tilling methodsIdentify government programsFollow guidelines of government programsManage residue to reduce erosion

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Develop plan for planting crops

Competency Builders:Identify a land use planIdentify long-range conservation practicesSelect crop varieties best suited for land, market and type of farm operationDetermine need for companion cropRecommend crop rotation planIdentify crop seedsInterpret seed tag informationInterpret planting charts on seed bagCalculate number of bushels of seeds neededEvaluate stand of forage or winter wheatSelect seedDetermine seeding rateDetermine steps to improve standCalculate price per pound of pure live seedEvaluate alternative crops

257244

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Determine procedures needed to manage crops fromplanting to harvest

Competency Builders:Scout fieldsIdentify crop problemsDetermine cause of crop problemsDevelop fertilization planDevelop plan to control insects and diseasesDevelop plan to control weeds

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Manage crops

Competency Builders:Fertilize cropsControl insects and diseasesControl weedsApply pesticides

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Harvest grain crops

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsDetermine crop maturityCalculate crop yieldsEstimate harvest lossSelect equipment to reduce harvest lossOperate equipmentPrioritize harvest areasDistribute residueMinimize soil compactionEvaluate grain quality

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Interpret topographic and soil maps, aerial photographs,and legal descriptions

Competency Builders:Interpret legal land descriptionsInterpret map symbolsInterpret map legendsIdentify true and magnetic northDraw profiles using contour linesDemonstrate knowledge of how to operate a computer-aided mapping programComplete drawings using a computer-aided mapping systemMeasure distancesIdentify terrain typesInterpret elevationsIdentify direction of water flowCalculate areaIdentify the location of field boundariesEstablish field boundariesInterpret topical and aerial photographsCalculate acreage based on field measurements

261248

Unit: Agricultural Business Management and Marketing

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Identify sources of agricultural information and assistance

Competency Builders:Maintain a file of current technical information from universities, governmental

agencies, and commercial companiesMaintain a reference file for periodicals and other publicationsAttend seminars and workshops to update skills and knowledgeUse computer networking for up-to-date agricultural informationIdentify associations and societies associated with agricultural professions

2 6 2249

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Apply business skills and economic principles to theagricultural industry

Competency Builders:Explain the basic economic principles in the agricultural industryExplain the importance of local, state, and federal regulations and required

documentation affecting the agricultural industryDescribe the types of agribusiness by organizational structure (e.g., sole

proprietorship, partnership, corporation)Select computer applicationsUse computer applicationsAnalyze dataDetermine the point of maximum profitDetermine fixed and variable costs of productionUse the fixed/variable concepts in making business decisionsDetermine the resulting change in price of commodities when shifts in supply and

demand take placeDescribe how to manage inventory and determine selling priceExplain the importance of agribusiness recordsExplain the types of insurance needs of an agricultural business

rt4., 0 J

250

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Follow legal requirements

Competency Builders:Identifies government agencies regulating farm operationComply with employers' and employees' legal responsibilitiesFollow system for government regulation compliance

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Maintain supplies

Competency Builders:Set minimum and maximum inventory levelsConduct physical inventoriesMaintain computerized inventory recordsPurchase suppliesCompare costs and quality of supplies from different sourcesMake maximum use of vendor discountsCalculate shipping chargesRegulate storage facility environmentClean storage areaInspect storage area for damage and hazards

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Demonstrate sales skills

Competency Builders:Maintain product and service knowledgeDifferentiate between product features and product benefitsExainine types of selling techniquesIdentify types of customersIdentify customer buying motives and signalsMaintain prospective customer relationshipFollow up purchases and salesDevelop repeat customer contact listAdd customer to annual mailingsDevelop a follow-up file

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Provide technical assistance

Competency Builders:Provide customer with informative materialsInterpret product labelsDemonstrate product useExplain safety precautions regarding product useOutline extent of product guaranteeAddress customer complaints

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Demonstrate understanding of marketing principles

Competency Builders:Define basic marketing terminology (e.g., market, marketing mix, market

penetration)Identify purpose of marketingIdentify marketing activitiesIdentify elements in the marketing mix (e.g., price, product, promotion, place)Explain market shareIdentify factors that affect market shareExplain margin analysisExplain market integrationDescribe cooperative marketingExplain methods of pricing farm commoditiesIdentify governmental regulations affecting the marketing of agricultural products

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Describe marketing strategy

Competency Builders:Identify marketing strategies for differing products and servicesDifferentiate between mass-market and market segmentation approachesDescribe the process of identifying a market for a product or serviceDescribe the role of margin analysis in developing market strategyGive examples of product positioning

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Demonstrate a basic knowledge of internationalagricultural trade

Competency Builders:Identify the major U.S. agricultural export marketsIdentify major U.S. agricultural export cropsExplain how U.S. agriculture can remain competitiveIdentify factors to consider when deciding whether to enter the export marketExplain trade barriers, duties, and tariffsIdentify organizations that can provide assistance in international agricultural

tradeExplain the impact of trade agreements such as NAFTA and GATT on agriculture

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Develop a marketing plan

Competency Builders:Determine business objectivesAnalyze competitionIdentify potential buyersCalculate break even pointDetermine pricing goalsIdentify factors affecting pricingCompare pricing strategiesIdentify marketing channelsSelect marketing channelsDetermine most advantageous method of marketing cropsDetermine when to marketIdentify distribution channelsDevelop marketing goals

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Promote company image

Competency Builders:Explain importance of imageIdentify factors affecting image, positive and negativeProject company imageExhibit good personal hygienePerform quality workFollow instructions and uniformityKeep equipment cleanFollow dress codeHandle customer complaintsCommunicate positively with customersRead company manualMaintain continuity and uniformity of company logoDevelop customer awareness programs

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Conduct sale

Competency Builders:Greet customersUse appropriate questioning techniquesUse appropriate selling techniquesIdentify customer needs, problems and recommendationsDescribe services and expectationsExplain extent of guaranteeAccess support servicesClose saleUse good telephone skillsCompute taxes

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Prepare estimate

Competency Builders:Calculate square footage and cubic yardsUse price listEstimate total amount of materials neededEstimate labor requirementsEstimate fixed costsEstimate profit and loss margins

2 7 4261

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

P R

Competency: Maintain price lists and catalogs

Competency Builders:Compare prices of similar products and servicesOutline material and service availabilityKeep product and service catalogs currentKeep profit and loss in line

'275262

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Price merchandise

Competency Builders:Estimate fixed and variable expensesCalculate markupCalculate break-even pointCompare pricing strategiesIdentify factors affecting pricingPrice merchandisePrepare merchandise for inventory or displayUse computerized pricing systemAttach price tags

(7 6

263

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Display merchandise

Competency Builders:Design displaysSet up displaysSelect items for displayUse propsIdentify display areas

Unit: Greenhouse Management

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I P

Competency: Test soil, water, and plant tissues

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsTake soil samplePrepare soil to be testedCollect plant tissues to be testedDetermine pH levelDetermine soluble salt levelsTake water samplesInterpret results of water testInterpret results of soil testInterpret results of plant tissue testRealize need for professional help

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

R P

Competency: Prepare media mixes

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsShred planting media materialsMix planting media materialsPasteurize mediaIdentify media functionsIdentify media componentsList the requirements of a good growing media for potted plants (e.g., pH,

porosity)Identify the ingredients used to prepare an artificial growing mediaExplain the process of soil pasteurizationIdentify the limitations of the various growing mediumsIdentify the nutrients required for plant growthIdentify economics of mix-your-own vs. commercial mix (e.g., labor, raw

materials, equipment)

079266

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

R P

Competency: Prepare for propagation

Competency Builders:Explain propagation (e.g., sexual, asexual)Follow general safety precautionsIdentify tools and equipment used in greenhouse crop propagationExplain routine maintenance procedures for greenhouse equipment and facilities

(e.g., growth chambers, seeders)Describe the propagation requirements for the major floriculture crops produced in

the local areaIdentify major bedding, foliage, flowering, and seed stock used for propagationList advantages and disadvantages of the different types of greenhouse benches

relating to propagationGrade cuttings for sizeInterpret seed germination informationIdentify containersIdentify environmental factors of propagationSelect mediaSanitize propagation equipment, areas, and containersIdentify planting depthIdentify propagation problems and solutions (e.g., seed sowing, cutting, timing)Outline plant schedulingExplain economics and quality issue of self-propagation and/or purchasing from

reputable sourceExplain seed germinationExplain use of rooting hormones

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

R P

Competency: Manage plant production

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsDemonstrate proper water applicationExplain the correct quantity of water to applyExplain the layout of automatic watering systemsIdentify factors that would reduce the quality of waterSelect the appropriate container for a particular plant or cropExplain the purpose of growth regulating chemicalsOutline plant schedulingSow seedsPlant bulbsForce bulbsTake cuttingsLabel plants and cuttingsPrepare growing media for different types of greenhouse crops and use of soil

handling equipmentTransplant seedlings and rooted cuttingsExplain the reasons for pinching, spacing, and disbudding specific greenhouse

cropsDescribe the types and uses of commonly used automatic greenhouse watering

systemsMonitor plant growth (e.g., graphical tracking)

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

R P

Competency: Fertilize plants in greenhouse operation

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsInterpret fertilizer bag labels (e.g., micro and macro nutrients)Mix fertilizer solutionsApply liquid fertilizerApply dry fertilizerIdentify fertilizer injectorsUse fertilizer injectorsIdentify fertilization practices and terminologyIdentify symptoms of nutrient deficiencyDetermine kind of fertilizer to applyInterpret manufacturer's fertilization rate chartsCalibrate fertilizer application equipmentCalculate the amount of fertilizer needed for an injector stock solution based on

the PPM of nitrogen to be applied and the ratio of the injectorDetermine fertilizer applications for various crop and plant growth situationsIdentify the major nutrient deficiency symptomsExplain why and when leaching is necessary

(4,82269

BIL: Essential

EDU:12 AD AC

R P

Competency: Regulate greenhouse environment

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsInstall shade clothApply glass shading compoundIdentify supplemental lightingSet timers to regulate lightingHang lath or saran clothUse light metersHand irrigate plantsInstall irrigation system (e.g., drip, computer irrigation)Use irrigation systemIdentify heating systems (e.g., centralized, localized)Identify cooling system (e.g., natural ventilation, fan/pad)Control humidityAdjust temperatures for plants (e.g., DIF, energy conservation)Identify carbon dioxide levelsIdentify factors influencing plant growthIdentify environmental control system (e.g., computer system)

Explain operation of thermostats and cycle timersIdentify glazing on a greenhouseApply mechanical and electrical safety as it applies in greenhouse operationControl lighting for short and long day sensitive plantsExplain the effects of night and day temperatures on plant growthExplain light requirements in terms of intensity and duration for plants being

grown in a production environment

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Compare greenhouse structures

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsIdentify life expectancy of structureIdentify space utilizationIdentify types of ventilation systemsIdentify types of structuresDifferentiate among types of greenhouse structures and their layoutList the requirements necessary for good plant growthExplain the use of cold frames and lath houses in conjunction with the greenhouseExplain light requirements in terms of intensity and duration for plants being

grown in a production environmentControl lighting for short and long day sensitive plantsDescribe types of heating and cooling systems used in greenhouse productionExplain the effect of night and day temperatures on plant growthExplain how various air quality factors are maintained for good plant growth

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R

Competency: Perform post harvest care

Competency Builders:Define post harvest careFollow general safety precautionsExplain the procedures involved in planning a greenhouse crop so production will

be in line with seasonal demand for the finished productExplain how potted plants should be packaged and handled during harvesting and

shipmentExplain care upon receipt of productExplain how cut flowers should be handled during harvesting and shipmentIdentify the market possibilities in the local area for a given horticulture cropDevelop a crop rotation for a year of greenhouse productionIdentify harvest stagesCut plants/flowersCount and bunch plants/flowersRegulate cold storage unit temperatureExplain plant maintenance to preserve plant viabilityIdentify plant life expectancyDemonstrate safety practices when harvesting, processing, and shipping plantsDifferentiate between a production greenhouse environment and a maintenance

home/office environment

285272

BIL: Recommended

EDU:12 AD AC

I R ,

Competency: Maintain nursery and greenhouse equipment/facilities

Competency Builders:Follow general safety precautionsClean facilityReplace or repair plastic covering on greenhouse structureClean heating and cooling systemsPerform general maintenance by hanging doorsPerform general maintenance by repairing doorsPerform general maintenance by replacing windowpanesPerform general maintenance by replacing damaged sections of saran or black

clothPerform general maintenance by replacing damaged support wires for saran or

black clothPerform general maintenance by constructing benches and framesPerform general maintenance by repairing benches and framesPerform general maintenance by shading greenhouse glassPerform general maintenance by lubricating partsPerform general maintenance on ventilation systemsPerform general maintenance by adjusting belts on equipmentPerform seasonal equipment pre-check (e.g., heating system)Inspect assembled equipment for operating defects

286273

U.S. Department of EducationOffice of Educational Research and Improvement (0ERI)

National Library of Education (NLE)Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC)

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This document is covered by a signed "Reproduction Release (Blanket)"form (on file within the ERIC system), encompassing all or classes ofdocuments from its source organization and, therefore, does not require a"Specific Document" Release form.

This document is Federally-funded, or carries its own permission toreproduce, or is otherwise in the public domain and, therefore, may bereproduced by ERIC without a signed Reproduction Release form (either"Specific Document" or "Blanket").

EFF-089 (1/2003)