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A MINOR PROJECT REPORT

ON

LIVE WIRE DETECTOR

For the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

Electronics and Communication Engineering

By

Rajeev Chandra Gupta -1116531108

Sarvendra Mishra-1116531121

Yadavendra yadav-1116531147

Rahul Tiwari-1116531107

Submitted to

Mr. Sanjiv Mishra

Assistant Professor

Kanpur Institute of Technology, KANPUR

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KANPUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

KANPUR

CERTIFICATE

This is to certified that the Project entitled “LIVE WIRE

DETECTOR”, which is being submitted by RAJEEV CHANDRA

GUPTA, SARVENDRA MISHRA, YADAVENDRA YADAV and

RAHUL TIWARI in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of

Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering, U.P.

Technical University, Lucknow is a record of the candidate own

work carried own work carried out by him/her under my supervision

and guidance. The matter embodied in this thesis is original and has

not been submitted for the award of any other degree.

Date:

Head of Department:

Mr. Vaibhav Purwar

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the B. Tech minor project undertaken during B. Tech Final year. We owe special debt to Mr. Sanjiv Mishra Assistant Professor of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kanpur Institute of Technology, Kanpur for his constant support and guidance throughout the course of our work, His sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration for us. It is only his cognizant efforts that are endeavor have seen light of the day.

We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all faculty members of department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the development of our minor project. Last but not the least, we acknowledge our friends for their contribution in completion of the project.

Place: Kanpur Signature of Students:

Date: RAJEEV CHANDRA GUPTA

SARVENDRA MISHRA

YADAVENDRA YADAV

RAHUL TIWARI

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Table of Content

LIST OF FIGURES Page No.

Figure 1 - Pin diagram 8

Figure 2- Logic diagram 9

Figure 3- timing diagram 10

Figure 4-Circuit diagram 13

List OF CONTENT

Abstract

Introduction

Component Used

Details of Component

Circuit Diagram

Working

Application

References

Abstract

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Safety is a matter should be given priority in any circumstances whatsoever. A

danger or disaster could have happened at home or place of work or anywhere

else. Among the most common accident is when to nail or drill in the wall or

floor. Risk of electric shock is high and it can cause injury to the public people

and loss. To improve safety in the home or at work, a detection system of

electrical wires that are usually hidden in the wall or floor has been developed.

Have now there a few tools that can be used to detect electrical wires hidden in

the wall or floor. Some of the tools can pinpoint the exact location of the wire.

However, the relatively high price of these devices for use by the public. This

research paper analyzes a number of methods used to detect electrical wires

hidden behind materials. This analysis involves the detection of electrical wire

with different sizes inside nonconductive materials, the quality of detection and

detection of hidden wires alternating current flowing in the wire. The hardware

was designed and developed based on the effect of magnetic flux cancellation of

inductance and charge cancellation effects of capacitance.

Developed hardware detection is

able to show different readings depending on the electrical wire with and

different sizes. Reading alternating current detection during electrical current on

the wire there is also developed. An evaluation was conducted on hardware that

is designed to determine whether it is able to detect hidden electrical wires and

detect the presence of an electric current. The data obtained through the

assessment carried out shows that these tools are able to detect the presence of

electric current and the location of the hidden electrical wires inside

nonconductive materials.

Introduction

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Beginning a remodeling project or simply drilling into a wall to hang a picture can seem

simple enough, but steps must be taken before hand to determine if electrical wires are

present within nonconductive materials. With the increasing demand for safety at home and

at the workplace we need a detection system that predict potential hazards exists specially

this hidden live wire inside nonconductive materials when you debug home electrical wiring,

a tool that determines the location of hidden wires behind nonconductive materials comes in

hardly and manually. People can hurt trebly or find death during the process drilling or

driving a nail at nonconductive materials without knowing the present of hidden live wire in

it. The wire and the nonconductive materials can be damage during the drill or drive nail by

people. The problem why its happen because people don’t know where the wire flow inside

of nonconductive materials when they handle house work such as drilling, nailing and etc.

The objectives of this work are analyze the data used in the presence of electric currents and

electrical wire with different sizes, design a proto-type device that can detect electrical wires

that hide inside nonconductive materials and its alternative current flowing presences and

evaluate whether the proto-type build can detect hidden electrical wires inside of

nonconductive materials and its alternative current flowing presences on it.

Component Used

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CAPACITOR C1=10 micro F

RESISTANCE R1=100 ohm

DIODE D1=Red LED

IC IC1=CD4017

SWITCH SW1=Push switch

BATTERY 3V (1.5*2 cells)

SENSING PROBE 3"Copper wire (20SWG)

PCB Zero

Component Used

1 Capacitor:

Capacitor is a basic storage device to store electrical charges and release it as it is

required by the circuit. Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits to perform variety

of tasks, such as smoothing, filtering, bypassing etc. In circuit we use a 10 microfarad

capacitor.

2 Resistance:

Resistance is an electrical quantity that measures how the device or material reduce the

electric current flow through it. The resistance is measured in unites of ohm (Ω).

3 Light Emitting Diode:

LED is a semiconductor device that emits visible light when an electric current passes

through it. The light is not particularly bright, but in most LEDs it is monochromatic,

occurring at a single wavelength. The output from an LED can range from red at a

wavelength of approximately 700 nanometer.

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4 IC CD 4017: The CD4017 is a 5-stage divide-by-10 Johnson counter with 10 decoded

outputs and a carry out bit. The CD4017 is a 4-stage divide-by-8 Johnson counter with 8

decoded outputs and a carry-out bit. These counters are cleared to their zero count by a

logical “1” on their reset line. These counters are advanced on the positive edge of the

clock signal when the clock enable signal is in the logical “0” state.

The configuration of the CD4017 permits medium speed operation and assures a hazard

free counting sequence. The 10/8 decoded outputs are normally in the logical “0” state

and go to the logical “1” state only at their respective time slot. Each decoded output

remains high for 1 full clock cycle. The carry-out signal completes a full cycle for every

10/8 clock input cycles and is used as a ripple carry signal to any succeeding stages.

Pin Diagram

Figure No. 1

Logic Diagrams

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Figure No. 2

Terminal No. 16 = VDDTerminal No. 8 = GND

Timing Diagram

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Figure No. 3

5 Push Switch: A push switch is a momentary or non-latching switch which causes a

temporary change in the state of an electrical circuit only while the switch is physically

actuated. An automatic mechanism (i.e. a spring) returns the switch to its default position

immediately afterwards, restoring the initial circuit condition. There are two types:

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A push to make switch allows electricity to flow between its two contacts when

held in. When the button is released, the circuit is broken. This type of switch is

also known as a Normally Open (NO) Switch. (Examples: doorbell, computer

case power switch, calculator buttons, individual keys on a keyboard).

A push to break switch does the opposite, i.e. when the button is not pressed,

electricity can flow, but when it is pressed the circuit is broken. This type of

switch is also known as a Normally Closed (NC) Switch. (Examples: Fridge

Light Switch, Alarm Switches in Fail-Safe circuits).

6 Battery: An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical

cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Each cell contains a

positive terminal, or cathode, and a negative terminal, or anode. Electrolytes allow ions to

move between the electrodes and terminals, which allows current to flow out of the

battery to perform work.

Primary (single-use or "disposable") batteries are used once and

discarded; the electrode materials are irreversibly changed during discharge. Common

examples are the alkaline battery used for flashlights and a multitude of portable

devices. Secondary (rechargeable batteries) can be discharged and recharged multiple times;

the original composition of the electrodes can be restored by reverse current. Examples

include the lead-acid batteries used in vehicles and lithium ion batteries used for portable

electronics.

7 PCB (Zero PCB): Zero PCB is the generic name for a widely used type

of electronics prototyping board characterized by a 0.1 inch (2.54 mm) regular

(rectangular) grid of holes, with wide parallel strips of copper cladding running in one

direction all the way across one side of the board. It is commonly also known by the name

of the original product Vero board, which is a trademark, in the UK, of British

company Vero Technologies Ltd and Canadian company Pixel Print Ltd. In using the

board, breaks are made in the tracks, usually around holes, to divide the strips into

multiple electrical nodes. With care, it is possible to break between holes to allow for

components that have two pin rows only one position apart such as twin

row headers for IDCs.

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Circuit Diagram

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Figure No. 3

P1 = SPST Pushbutton

D1 = Red LED (any type)

C1 = 100nF 63V Polyester or Ceramic Capacitor

B1 = 3V Battery (two 1.5V AA or AAA cells in series etc.)

IC1 = 4017 Decade counter with 10 decoded outputs IC

Sensing probe 3 to15 cm. long, stiff insulated piece of wire

Working of Line Wire Detector

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To understand how this circuit (Figure no. 4) is going to work we have understand the

purpose and action of the IC CD 4017. In simple word Pin 14 pin is the input clock pin

for this IC, when it gets a clock it starts counting which means it will give output to its 10

decoded output pins one by one. So a 100Hz clock will result in each output pins giving a

10Hz output.

Pin 3(figure 4) is one of its output pins, you can use any other output pin.

Pin 16 is for supplying positive voltage and Pin 8 is for negative or ground reference.

Pin 15 is the RESET pin, we are keeping it low so that the counter keeps on counting.

Pin 13 is for clock inhibit, we want to advance the count one step at the positive clock

signal transition. For that we have to keep this pin at low. So we hook it up to the ground

reference point.

If the probe is brought closer to a live wire, capacitive coupling between the live wire and

the probe clocks the counter. and causes the LED to flash, and as I said earlier the any of

the output pins will get only 1/10th portion of it(as it has 10 output pins so yes that's

logical) so the LED will flash 5 times in the 50Hz 220V line and 6 times in the 60Hz

110V line.

Keeping it away from the Live wire will eventually lower or breaks the capacitive

coupling and thus the counter will stop and the LED will turn off.

Making the Probe:-

5-20cm long and stiff insulated piece of wire can be used. Usually those used in high current

applications such as powering up an air-conditioner. Sensitivity of this circuit can be varied

with the length of this probe.

Powering up the circuit:-

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This circuit can run from 3V only, two AA sized battery can do this. And because of using

3V supply no need to use current limiting resistor with the LED.

It can work with up to 18V supply but going over 3.5/4V will require a current limiting

resistor with the LED.

Application

• We can reduce the time taken to build underground fault.

• We can check the fault point of the wire in the wall

• To check Dead or Live wires.

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References

http://www.redcircuits.com/Page35.html

http://www.next.gr/circuits/index4.html

http://redwanhasan.blogspot.in/2014/07/ac-live-line-detector.html

http://www.circuit-finder.com/