renewables 2016.pptx

8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx

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Renewable energy

General studies 2016


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Basic ideas

• Renewable Energy – “any sustainable energy source that comes

from natural environment.”

• Features of Renewable Energy

– It exists perpetually

– It is a clean alternative to fossil fuels


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Introduction• Major Renewable Energy Sources

– Hydro Energy

– in! Energy

– Solar Energy

– Biomass Energy

– Tidal Energy

– Geothermal Energy

– Wave Energy

– Wastes


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Why renewables?

• The benefts o moving to renewablesare immense –

• energy seurity!

• limate "rotetion!

• redued "ollution

• health benefts or "eo"le


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IntroductionSolar "anels

in! #urbine $enerators


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Wind Energy - Technology• Differential heating of the earths surface

and atmos!here induces vertical and

hori"ontal air currents that are affected #y

the earths rotation and contours of the

land and generates %&'$

• % &ind tur#ine o#tains its !o&er in!ut #y

converting the force of the &ind into a

tor(ue )turning force* acting on the rotor#lades$

• The amount of energy &hich the &ind

transfers to the rotor de!ends on the

!ensity of the air+ the rotor area+ an! the

win! spee!.

• '() of Wind )arm is normally in the range

of ,- to /- de!ending u!on the site

conditions and WTG rating$ ' 'o&er

* %ir Density +,gm./

% Blade %rea -tur#ine +m0/

1 Wind velocity +ms/

" 0 -.1 2 3 2 4 2 5/


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• Major 6omponents of in! #urbine

Wind Energy - Technology


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What is #olar $nergy?

• Originates withthe thermonuclearfusion reactions

occurring in thesun.

• Represents theentireelectromagneticradiation (visiblelight, infrared,

ultraviolet, x-rays,and radio waves .


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%isadvantages•

Sun does not shine consistently.• Solar energy is a diuse source. !oharness it, we must concentrate it intoan amount and form that we can use,such as heat and electricity.


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2olar Energy - Technology

• Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity.

• T&o main commercial &ays of conversion of sunlight into electricity$

– 6oncentrating Solar #hermal "lant )6S"*

– "hotovoltaic "lants )"5*


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2olar Energy - Technology• 6oncentrating Solar #hermal "lant

)6S"*

It contains3

– 4ollector )ield

– Tur#ine

– Generator

– 4ooling To&er

– Transformer

Courtesy: ESP Solar


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• Solar "hotovoltaic "lants )"5*

It contains3

– 2olar %rrays – Inverter

– Transformer

2olar Energy - Technology


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2olar Energy - Technology• In #oth 42' and '1 technologies5 solar resources !lays ma6or role$

• 7a!s are availa#le to calculate solar resource of a !articular region$ Ho&ever5 for #oth 42'

and '1 technologies !ifferent solar ra!iations are ta,en into account$

• Basically t&o ty!es of solar radiations are there3

– $lobal 7ori8ontal irra!iations )$7%*

– 'irect &ormal %rra!iation )'&%*

• )or '1 technologies $7% is considered$ GHI

consists of diffuse radiations and direct

hori"ontal radiations +#eam/$

• )or 42'5 '&% is considered$ D8I

is the amount of radiation received #y

a surface &hich is !ermanently aligned

!er!endicular to the incoming #eam$


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&ow muh solar energy?

The surae reeives about '() o thetotal solar energy that reahes the $arth*+nly this amount is usable*


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$,ieny and%isadvantages

• "#ciency is far lassthan the $$% of solarspectrum with usablewavelengths.

• &'% of photon energy

is used to warm thecrystal.• "#ciency drops as

temperatureincreases

• Overall, the e#ciencyis about -&%.

• *nderlying problem isweighing e#ciencyagainst cost. – +rystalline silicon-

more e#cient, moreexpensive tomanufacture

– morphous silicon-half as e#cient, lessexpensive toproduce.


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• Traditional solar ells are made romsilion

• urrently the most e,ient solar ellsavailable or residential use

• aount or around -0. "erent o allthe solar "anels sold around the

world*

• Generally silion based solar ells aremore e,ient and longer lasting than

non silion based ells*


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Green norms or renewableenergy

• Renewable energy "ro/ets an have ma/or eologialim"ats i they are installed without "ro"er

environmental assessment and management*

• or instane! the im"at o wind "ower on orest eology

an be very high*• &owever! wind "ro/ets are being installed in orest areas

without going through any environmental im"at

assessment $34*

• '!000 hetares o orests have been diverted or wind

"ower develo"ment and ma/ority o this is only in twostates! 5aharashtra and arnata7a*

• 5any o these wind "ower "ro/ets are oming u" in the

eo8sensitive Western Ghats*


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$nvironmental issues in renewables

• #imilarly! small hydro "ro/ets #&94 are e:em"ted rom $3*5ulti"le #&9 on a single river an om"letely destroy a river;seology*

• Guidelines or setting aside eologial theyare land and water intensive*

• These issues should be addressed beore setting8u" largesolar "lants*

• There is now a growing onsensus within the environmentalommunity about the neessity o "ro"er environmentalregulations or the renewable energy setor it should besub/eted to the $3 "roess*


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• "resent %nstalle! 6apacity of Renewable Energy Sources

in %n!ia

Renewable Energy Source "resent %nstalle! 6apacity

Wind 9:0:: 7W

2mall Hydro 09:: 7W

Bagasse ;


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inanial status

und allocation %

Total alloation orenergy

10!@'!@A-

5BR$ AA!00A A

Bulear 66!C@0 6

renewables 2016.pptx

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