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Remote Sensing forManagement of Transboundary Aquifers in Africa
Remote Sensing forManagement of Transboundary Aquifers in Africa
More Information: www2.gaf.de/aquifer Email: [email protected] Team, 03.07.2007
Users:Agence Nationale des Ressources Hydrauliques (Algeria)
General Water Authority (Libya)
Ministère des Mines, de l'Energie et de l'Eau (Mali)
Ministère de l'Hydraulique de l'Environnement et de la Lutte Contre la Désertification (Niger)
Federal Ministry of Water Resources (Nigeria)
Direction Générale des Ressources en Eaux (Tunisia)
African Partner Institutions :
Libyan Center For Remote Sensing and Space Science (Libya)
Centre National des Techniques Spatiales (Algeria)
Centre National de Télédétection (Tunisia)
AGRHYMET Regional Centre (Niamey - Niger)
European Consortium Partners:Joanneum Research (Austria)
SCOT CS (France)
Telespazio SpA (Italy)
University of Jena (Germany)
Vista GmbH (Germany)
AQUIFER - Partnership
Project Framework:
Initiation / Funding:
Prime Contractor:
User Coordinator:
In association withSahara and Sahel Observatory (OSS)
European Space Agency (ESA)
GAF AG
ESA TIGER Initiative
Sahara and Sahel Observatory (OSS)
Crop Water Demand of Irrigated Areas
Objectives:• Estimation of water needs for selected crops
and trees taking into account their morphology, phenology, growing rate and local meteorological parameters.
• Optimization of water quantity used for irrigation
• Reduce the over exploitation of the Aquifer
Product and Result
Methods applied and Data used
Objective
Prototype Areas:• PA1: Ouest des Zibans – Villages of
Doucen / Ouled Djellal, ALGERIA
• PA3: Gabès – TUNISIA
Benefits:• optimize the use of water for irrigation• optimize irrigation schedules• increase the plant’s health• improve groundwater management,• keep under control water abstraction,• reduce waste of water recourses for the
agricultural activities • reduce over exploitation of the aquifer
JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH (Austria) Institute of Water Resources Management
CROPWAT modelCROPWAT is a decision support system developed by the Land and Water Development Division of FAO for planning and management of irrigation. CROPWAT is meant as a practical tool to carry out standard calculations for reference evapotranspiration, crop water requirements and crop irrigation requirements, and more specifically the design and management of irrigation schemes. It allows the development of recommendations for improved irrigation practices and the planning of irrigation schedules. Input data: Reference Crop Evapotranspiration (Et0) calculated using the FAO Penman-Montieth equation based on decade/monthly climatic data: minimum and maximum air temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration and windspeed; Rainfall data (daily/decade/monthly data); monthly rainfall is divided into a number of rain storm each month; Cropping Pattern consisting: planting date, crop parameters (including Kc values, stage days, root depth, depletion fraction) and the area planted (0-100% of the total area); Soil type: total available soil moisture, max.rooting depth, initial soil moisture depletion (% of total available moisture); Scheduling Criteria: e.g. 80 mm every 14 days, or irrigate to return the soil back to field capacity when all the easily available moisture has been used.
PA1: Ouest des Zibans – ALGERIA: Comparison between calculated crop water demand and real amount irrigated
Both in the basin of “Système d‘Aquifères Sahara Septentrional“ (SASS)
Model flowchart
Crop data
GIS
Land use/cover from RS
Monthly climate data
CROPWAT Model
Minimum air temperature
Maximum air temperature
Relative air humidity
Sunshine duration
Wind speed
Calculate ET0
Penman-Monteith
Crop coefficient
Stage days
Planting date
Root depth
Depletion fraction
Cropping pattern planting
Crop data file
Crop number
Planting date
Percentage of total area
Soil dataTotal available soil moisture
Max rooting depth
Max rain infiltration rate
Percentage of total available
moisture
Field Water Supply FWS
irrigation requirements
IWR
crop water requirements
CWR
monthly Rainfall data
Lat/Long/Altitude climate station
Water Abstraction Estimation for
Irrigation [l/s/ha]
Input modules:
Input parameters:
Model:
Output from Model:
Auxiliary Tool:
RESULTS:
Legend of Model
Input from other WP:
WAEI: Water abstraction estimation for irrigationWater abstraction estimation for irrigation is an estimation of the optimal amount of water to be extracted from the aquifer (or from other water sources) and applied to the irrigation scheme to satisfy the crop water demand during the growing season. The model “CROPWAT” (FAO) has been used to achieve this estimation. The land use/cover map has been used as base for the spatial distribution of water abstraction estimation that in this case has been calculated converting the values of IWR of each crop type from “millimeters per day” to “liter per second per hectare”. The values of the final map representing the water abstraction estimation is expressed as mean annual discharge per unit area in liter/second/hectare.
Mean annual water abstraction estimation for irrigation PA1: Ouest des Zibans - Algeria (2005) Comparison between AQUIFER and ANRH values
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Mainly annual crops :Maize (Arid climate)Arboricolture : Table
grapes
Greenhouses withgarden produces
Palm trees: PalmIntercalary crops: Dry
Beans
Natural vegetation Other, including baresoils
Sum
l/s/h
a
Calculated crop water demandCROPWAT ModelReal amount irrigated from ANRH
CWR: Crop Water Requirements:PA1: PA3:
Cultures annuelles dominantes (maraichage, céréales/ arboriculture = Maize/Table grape
Maraîchage sous serres = Vegetables/Tomato
Palmier datier dominant/cultures interc. (autre arboriculture, maraîchage céréales,fourrage, légumineuses = Date Palm/Dry bean
Végétation naturelle de fond d’oued = Turf grass
Autre, dont terrains nus au sein de l’espace cultivé = Pasture
Palmier pur = Date Palm
Palmier/cultures interc.= Date palm/Carrot
Pistachier pur = Groundnut
Cultures de plain champ (Luzerne) = Alfalfa
Cultures de plain champ (Orge) = Barley
Cultures maraichage = TomatoOlivier pur = Olive Olivier /cultures interc.= Olive/Onion