remittance final

8/3/2019 Remittance Final

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SUBMITTED TO:

Dr. A. A. Mahbub Uddin Chowdury

Professor & Chairman, Department Of Finance

University Of Dhaka

SUBMITTED BY:

Name ID

Rakib Ahmed Saleh 14018

Md. Amanur Rahman 16053

Mahamudul Hasan Roni 17046

Ahmed Fazle Rabbi 17056

Pallab Sikder 18016

SUBMISSION DATE:

December 11, 2011

1

A Term Paper on

Remittance: National Banks Experience

(An Observation of Malaysia)


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Executive Summary

Economic development for the developing countries like Bangladesh is largely dependent on

foreign remittances. The amount of money sent home by Bangladeshis living abroad are the

countrys second-highest revenue earner after exports. In recent years, Bangladesh has been

devoting efforts for attracting Bangladeshis living abroad to send remittance through proper

channel. Though attempts taken to increase foreign remittance inflow, the result achieved is

not appreciable enough for Bangladesh. NBL(National Bank Limited) on of the leading

Private Commercial bank has taken some initiatives to promote the foreigners to send money

through proper channel. This paper mostly based on secondary data will help us to have some

idea how to increase the remittance flow from NBLs Malaysias experience.

The fully owned subsidiary in the name of NBL Money Transfer Sdn Bhd, went into

operation in Malaysia in October 2009.Tvvo more branches of the company were opened in

the year 2010. The Bank obtained foreign remittance of USD 21.66 million (BDT 1,511.78

million) from Malaysia in 2010 through this company.

The role of remittances in the economies of labour sending countries such as Bangladesh is

assuming increasing importance. It is viewed as a very stable source of foreign exchange

and even as being counter-cyclical .The effect of remittances on the macro-economy of a

country has been well documented in the literature. The incoming foreign exchange helps

receiving countries to pay import liabilities, improve their balance of payments position,

strengthen foreign exchange reserves and finance external debt.

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Objectives:

The main objectives of the study are to review the flows of remittances; and to identifyconstraints in the policy, regulatory, and institutional framework that impact these flows. Thestudy then will develop proposals to address the identified problems and constraints with thegoals of:

(i) Increasing remittance volumes, if possible;

(ii) Facilitating the shift from informal to formal channels; and

(iii) Encouraging, where applicable, the use of remittance proceeds for sustainable povertyreduction.

Assumptions

The main assumptions are that sending remittances through formal channels would

(i) Reduce the cost of serdcing these flows, while increasing net formal sector remittanceflows;

(ii) Strengthen the integrity of the financial syMeM by ensuring compliance with anti-moneylaundering (AML) and antiterrorist financing standards;

(iii) Encourage the use of banking facilities to enfranchise OFWs and their families; and

(iv)Mobilize savings for productive investments.

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CHAPTER: ONEIntroduction, Methodology and Limitations of the Study

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1.1 Introduction

Remittance is the life line of Bangladesh economy. Some 4.5m nonresident Bangladeshis are

working abroad [9], and sending home hard earned foreign currencies. It is believed that the

actual number of Bangladeshi migrants, both legal and illegal, would be close to 7.5 million.

The remittance market of Bangladesh has been showing a steady growth in terms of incoming

remittance volume. Considering the current macro-economic indicators: it seems that this

growth run will continue in the coming years. Currently the remittance process is mostly

manual, partially automated. Migrants use different methods in sending remittance involving

both official and unofficial channels. A major portion of remittance is being processed by

Hawalas which is also known as hundi , which is an illegal process. And these Hawallas

are getting market due to lengthy process of remittance management using banking channel

Foreign remittance in developing countries especially in Bangladesh takes a vibrant part

of GDP acceleration and rapid economic growth Foreign remittance affects by some

important determinants like as GDP per capita, average growth rate of GDP, foreign

reserve, gross capital formation, human capital, terms of trade and others essential

infrastructure. Foreign remittance inflows to Bangladesh have increased dramatically in

recent years and have had some positive influence on development

The importance of foreign remittances in the economy of Bangladesh is widely recognised

and requires little reiteration. Along with the readymade garment (RMG) sector and non-farm

activities in the agricultural sector, remittances have been identified as one of the three key

factors that have been responsible for reducing the overall incidence of poverty in

Bangladesh

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1.2 Methodology

The report was prepared maintaining the following steps:

Theoretical discussions are from the teachers lectures, text and reference books.

Information collected from different websites and journals.

Analysis of the information or data using M.S. Office.

1.3Limitations of the Study

We have faced some usual constraints during the study. These are as follows:

Up to date foreign remittance data were not available for some analyses.

The study was conducted within a very limited time. So, a comprehensive study

was not possible.

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CHAPTER: TWOA Literature Overview of Remittance

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2.1What is Remittance?

A remittance is a transfer of money by a foreign workerto his or her home country.

Remittances are playing an increasingly large role in the economies of many countries,

contributing to economic growth and to the livelihoods of less prosperous people (thoughgenerally not the poorest of the poor). According toWorld Bankestimates, remittances

totaledUS$414 billion in 2009, of whichUS$316 billion went to developing countries that

involved 192 millionmigrant workers.[2]For some individual recipient countries,

remittances can be as high as a third of their GDP.[2]As remittance receivers often have a

higher propensity to own a bank account, remittances promote access to financial services for

the sender and recipient, an essential aspect of leveraging remittances to promote economic

development. The top recipients in terms of the share of remittances in GDPincluded many

smaller economies such asTajikistan (45%),Moldova(38%), andHonduras(25%).

Top recipient countries

CountryRemittances

2006Remittances

2007Remittances

* 2008Remittances

2009Remittances*

2010

Israel $ 13.5 billion $ 14.4 billion $ 16.6 billion $ 20.2 billion NA

India $ 26.9 billion $ 27 billion $ 45 billion $ 55.06 billion $ 55 billion

China $ 22.52 billion $25.7 billion $ 40.5 billion NA $ 51 billion

Philippines $ 12.7 billion $ 14.4 billion $ 16.4 billion $ 17.3 billion $ 21.3 billion

Mexico $ 25.6 billion $ 26.1 billion $ 25.1 billion $ 21.2 billion $ 22.6 billion

Poland $ 8.5 billion $ 12.5 billion $ 13.75 billion NA $ 9.1 billion

Bangladesh $ 5.5 billion $ 6.6 billion $ 9.0 billion $ 10.7 billion $ 11.7 billion

Pakistan $ 5.1 billion $ 6.0 billion $ 7.0 billion $ 8.7 billion $ 11.2 billion

*World Bank estimated

Central Bank data for: Bangladesh, Mexico, Pakistan, Philippines

2.2 The importance of remittances

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migrant_workerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US$http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US$http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migrant_workerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remittance#cite_note-go.worldbank.org-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remittance#cite_note-go.worldbank.org-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remittance#cite_note-go.worldbank.org-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remittance#cite_note-go.worldbank.org-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldovahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hondurashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hondurashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migrant_workerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US$http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US$http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migrant_workerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remittance#cite_note-go.worldbank.org-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remittance#cite_note-go.worldbank.org-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldovahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hondurashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan


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The increasing attention paid to the question of migrant remittances comes from the

realization of the important role they play in poverty alleviation and, circumstances

permitting, economic development more broadly. The former is most obvious in the way

the circumstances of individuals are directly transformed; the latter operates via a

collective response much dependent on the existence of institutions that can leverageremittances to create true development finance.

Individual poverty alleviation

Remittance payments directly alleviate the poverty of the individuals and households to

whom they are sent.

The ways in which remittances alleviate the poverty of individuals are, in the first round

of effects, direct and fairly obvious. They include the following.

Survivalist income supplementation. For many recipients, remittances provide foodsecurity, shelter, clothing and other basic needs.

Consumption smoothing Many recipients of remittances, especially in rural areas,have highly variable incomes. Remittances allow better matching of incomes andspending, the misalignment of which otherwise threatens survival and/or the taking on ofdebt.

Education In many developing countries, education is expensive at all levels, whatever

the formal commitments of the State. Remittances can allow for the payment of schoolfees and can provide the wherewithal for children to attend school rather than working forfamily survival.

Housing The use of remittances for the construction, upgrading and repair of houses isprominent in many widely different circumstances.

Health Remittances can be employed to access preventive and ameliorative health care.As with education, affordable health care is often unavailable in many remittance-recipient countries.

Social spending Day-to-day needs include various social expenditures that areculturally unavoidable. Remittances can be employed to meet marriage expenses andreligious obligations and, less happily but even more unavoidable, funeral and relatedcosts.

2.3 Broader concerns: remittances and economic development

Remittance income does not benefit just individual recipients; it benefits the local and

national economies in which they live. Indeed, the spending allowed by remittances has a

multiplied effect on local economiesas funds subsequently spent create incomes for others

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and stimulate economic activity generally. Beyond such multiplier effects, however, are other

factors conducive to economic growth and stability.

Remittances can provide receiving countries with much-needed foreign exchange.

Adding to the appeal of remittance flows to local and national economies is the factthat their frequency and magnitude tend to be counter-cyclical. Economic distress inthe home countryprecisely the scenario least conducive to other financial flowssuch as FDIinspires migrant workers to increase the volume of funds they remit.

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CHAPTER: THREEChannels of Remittances Inflow

3.1 Channels of Remittances in Asia

We broadly identify two types of remittance systems:

(i) Formal and

(ii) Informal.

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Formal system Formal systems are those that operate under the regulated financial

system. In formal systems the institutions involved in money transfers are supervised by

government agencies and laws

Informal system

International Labor Organization (ILO) reveals that "In Bangladesh, 46 percent of the total

volume of remittance has been channeled through official sources, around 40 percent

through hundi, 4.61 percent through friends and relatives and about 8 percent of the total was

hand-carried by migrant workers themselves when they visited home. Others include the sale of

work visas." Considering the above statistics of the IMF and ILO, it is evident that 40 to 59

percent of remittances were made into Bangladesh through hundi

Remitting Channels

Official Source

Hundi

Friend

Hand Carriedothers

Source (Bangladesh enterprise institute)

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CHAPTER: FOURBangladesh Scenario: Export-Import-Remittance and Overseas

Employment

4.1 Bangladesh Scenario: Export-Import-Remittance and OverseasEmployment

Export-Import-Remittance Information

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We do not have the exact data of how many of the remitters are workers and how many areimmigrants but from the remittance inflow shows that more than 75% of the total remittancecame from middle east, Malaysia, Singapore and Italy where the remitters are mostlyworker. Most of their family in Bangladesh is wholly dependent on the remitted money sent

by them.

Year Import Export Remittance

2001-02 8.54 5.99 2.50

2002-03 9.66 6.55 3.06

2003-04 10.90 7.60 3.37

2004-05 13.15 8.65 3.85

2005-06 14.75 10.53 4.80

2006-07 17.16 12.18 6.00

2007-08 20.37 14.11 7.91

2008-09 21.44 15.57 9.69

2009-10 23.74 14.76 10.99

2010-11 33.66 20.31 11.65

Source: http://www.mincom.gov.bd/export_info.php

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

-02

-03

-04

-05

-06

-07

-08

-09

-10

-11

Fig: Export-Import-Remittance Information

4.2 Bangladesh Scenario: Overseas Employment

Year wise Bangladeshi Overseas employment

Year Worker Year Worker Year Worker 1976 6087 1988 68121 2000 222686

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http://www.mincom.gov.bd/export_info.phphttp://www.mincom.gov.bd/export_info.php


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Top Ten Countries

4.2 Bangladesh Scenario: Remittance and Foreign Exchange reserve

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Foreign exchange reserve and remittance marked an important milestone in Bangladesheconomy in last couple of years and in 2010-11 they sent 11.65 billion US dollar. In tenyears, foreign currency reserve grew from $1 billion to cross the $10 billion mark this yearfor the first time.Both foreign exchange reserve and remittance were broadly immune to the

global recession that has been lingering for around two years now.Surprised at the successes,experts also cautioned the government against any inflationary pressure that may be caused

by the achievements in remittance and foreign exchange reserve. A few years ago,Bangladesh received remittance of $2 billion to $3 billion annually. The amount crossed $5

billion in fiscal 2006-07. The remittance inflow was $10.99 billion in the last fiscal year witha growth of 13.41 percent.

In the year 2010 the main reasons behind the increase in foreign exchange reserve are adecline in import and the boost in remittance. Normally import increases every year but thetrend is negative now.

Bangladesh Bank Governor Dr Atiur Rahman told: "Banking sector is much active now. Andso remittance increased. Many exchange houses and bank branches opened in differentcountries to send remittance. With the cooperation of NGOs, the system of remittancedelivery to the recipients has improved. Now we think of introducing payment throughmobile phones." (Source: The Daily Star)

If we analyze the date we find in the last 10 year on an average 35% of Import payment couldbe meet up with inward remittances.

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CHAPTER: FIVE

Remittance Observation From National Bank Limited.

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5.1 Remittance Observation From National Bank Limited.

Overseas Operations and Foreign Remittance

National Bank Limited exerted highest emphasis on overseas operation and handling a sizeable

quantum of homebound foreign remittance since beginning. By this time, it has earned a reputation asthe leader in providing such remittances not only among the customers but also among the regulators.

In 1985 the Bank established exchange house with equity ownership and management in Oman.

Subsequently many arrangements have been made with different exchange houses and also by

establishing subsidiaries abroad for expanding the Bank's overseas network in places with high

concentration of Bangladeshi expatriates.

National Bank Limited in 1993 introduced Western Union Money Transfer, a global leader in money

transfer services in Bangladesh remained lone agent till 2002. It was a breakthrough in getting prompt

payment of foreign remittances by the beneficiaries which encouraged remitters to use legal channel.

In 2010, foreign remittance brought through NBL was USD 708.67 million with an increase of USD

62.70 million over the previous year showing a growth of 9.70%.

Drawing Arrangements

The bank presently has an extensive network of drawing arrangements with 43 exchange companies

located in 15 countries including fully owned subsidiaries in Singapore and Malaysia and partially

owned Exchange Company in Oman The other countries where we have built relationship with

Exchange Companies are: Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Switzerland, the UK, Italy,

Canada, the USA, Greece and Jordan.

Exchange Houses owned by NBL Oman:

NBL invested 25% equity in Gulf Overseas Exchange Company LLC (GOEC), a joint ventureExchange Company in Oman, operating since November 1985 under NBL Management through 6

(six) branches in the remittance prone locations. During the year 2010 the Bank received foreign

remittance of USD 59.08 million (BDT 4,165.37 million) through GOEC while it was USD 52.66 million

(BDT 3,622.70 million) in 2009.

Singapore Balaka Exchange Pte Ltd (BEPL),

Singapore went into operation in September 1999 under the management of NBL. Subsequently to

boost up its activities, National Bank acquired 100 percent ownership of BEPL in July 2007, as its first

wholly owned subsidiary abroad. In the year 2010 the company was renamed as NBL Money

Transfer Pte. Ltd, Singapore. In the year 2010 NBL received inward remittance of USD 45.88 million

(BDT 3,192.45 million) through this subsidiary registering a significant increase over the previousyear's figure of USD 39.33 million (BDT 2,998.40 million).

Offshore Banking Unit

Offshore Banking Unit (OBU) is a unique solution for Banks across the globe to carry out international

banking business involving Non-resident foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities taking

the advantages of low or nonexistent taxes/levies and higher return on investment. Alongside the

presence in the important localities in every nook and corner of the country, NBL has taken the

initiative to extend its network in the special export processing zones created for foreign investors and

local entrepreneur invested in 100 percent export based industry. Under the license issued by

Bangladesh Bank, NBL opened its first Offshore Banking Unit in 2008 at Mohakhali Branch, Dhaka.

This venture added a new dimension in its innovative and customer friendly business activities.

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Top ten remitting country to Bangladesh

Sl Country2010-2011

2009-2010

2008-2009

2007-2008

2006-2007 Total

1 K.S.A. 3290.03 3427.05 2859.09 2324.23 1734.70 13635.10

2 U.A.E. 2002.63 1890.31 1754.92 1135.14 804.84 7587.843 U.S.A. 1848.52 1451.89 1575.22 1380.08 930.33 7186.04

4 Kuwait 1075.75 1019.18 970.75 863.73 680.70 4610.11

5 U.K. 889.60 827.51 789.65 896.13 886.90 4289.79

6 Malaysia 703.73 587.09 282.22 92.44 11.84 1677.32

7 Qatar 319.35 360.91 343.36 289.79 233.17 1546.58

8 Others 486.13 453.86 242.36 142.17 125.05 1449.57

9 Oman 334.32 349.08 290.06 220.64 196.47 1390.57

10 Italy 215.58 182.19 186.90 214.46 149.65 948.78

11 Singapore 202.32 193.46 165.13 130.11 80.24 771.26

12 Bahrain 185.92 170.14 157.43 138.20 79.96 731.65

13 Germany 25.65 16.50 19.32 26.87 14.91 103.25

14 S.Korea 23.95 20.77 18.33 19.69 17.08 99.8215 Japan 15.21 14.74 14.12 16.29 10.17 70.53

16 Australia 12.99 8.45 6.78 13.11 11.34 52.67

17 Hongkong 11.12 8.32 9.09 8.10 6.15 42.78

18 Iran 2.32 4.49 3.28 3.24 2.36 15.69

19 Libya 5.20 1.46 1.25 0.36 2.61 10.88

Total 11650.31 10987.40 9689.26 7914.78 5978.47 46220.22Source (BB report)

2000.00

4000.00

6000.00

8000.00

10000.00

12000.00

14000.00

Lat 5 years total remittance

Series

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CHAPTER: SIXRemittances from Malaysia Observation Of National bank

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6.1 Remittances from Malaysia Observation Of National bank

More than 10% of all Bangladeshi overseas workers are now working in Malaysia which is

3rd largest overseas workers market for Bangladeshis. Last year Malaysia was in the 6th

position in remitting to Bangladesh. They had remitted 704 million US$ in 2010-11 i.e.,

6.04% of total Bangladeshi remittance. Most of the workers are half or illiterate. In the

previous section we learnt that about 40% remittance in Bangladesh comes through hundi.

National Bank Ltd closely analyzed the situation and gradually taken the following steps:

1) They opened fully owned subsidiary NBL Money Transfer Sdn Bhd and spread their

business through different branches at different location of Malayisa.

2) On the weekend the officials themselves with laptops go to the Bangladeshi workers

where they live in cluster and do the remittances process on spot.

3) NBL has already developed inhouse ISO certified remittance software namely

Quickpay which is capable of doing instant cash transaction, i.e., from the Malaysia

side the remitter do the transaction and from the Bangladesh side the beneficiary can

withdraw the remitted money instantly from more than 4000 Quickpay supported

centers just showing the evidence of secret code and proper identification.

4) NBL arranged with ASA one of the leading NGO having more than 3000 branches,

Janata Bank, Islami Bank, Social Islami Bank Ltd, Pubali Bank and some other

financial institutions as service location for cash delivery.

5) In Sylhet region they have started cash home delivery system for some valued

customers.

6) They are charging at minimum level.

6.2 Remittance from Malaysia Over The Year

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Foreign workers began entering Malaysia in the 1970s as a result of the New Economic

Policys (1971-1990) efforts to restructure the economy and society and of the international

relocation of manufacturing industries to Asia

The number of migrant workers in the late 1990s was as high as three million In July 2001,

there were over 807,000 documented foreign workers in Malaysia According to one report,

over 2.25 million illegal migrants had been apprehended between 1992 and 2001

Foreign workers in Malaysia remitted about US$1.3 billion in 1997 and about 65 per cent of

remittanc To facilitate delivery of remittances, Bangladeshi banks, such as Sonali Bank,

Janata Bank, National Bank and Agrani Bank, have established contacts with some leading

Malaysian banks such as May Bank, Bank Simpanan Nasional and Bumiputra Commerce

Bank.es went to Indonesia, 22 per cent to Bangladesh and six per cent to the Philippines

Despite the availability of formal channels, the hundi system remains a leading channel for

remittances from Malaysia. Primary hundiwalas in Malaysia are both early migrants who

have already acquired documented status, usually long-term stay permits and tourist visa.

The tourist visa holders usually receive multiple entry visas to fly back and forth frequently.

6.3 Remittance Flow From Malaysia and NBLs Contribution

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Last year Malaysia was in the 6th position in remitting to Bangladesh. They had remitted704 million US$ in 2010-11 i.e., 6.04% of total Bangladeshi remittance.

Year Total BD NBL Growth BD Growth NBL

2006-07 11.84 - - -

2007-08 92.44 - 680.74% -

2008-09 282.22 1.36 205.30% -

2009-10 587.09 21.46 108.03% 1477.94%

2010-11 703.73 44.52 19.87% 107.46%

Fig in Million US$

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Now we see the result in last two years NBLs remittance growth from Malaysia which is

more than 100% where as the countrys growth is 20%.

Conclusion

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Government as well as private sector has undertaken various strategies to make remittancetransfer easier and hassle free. Now, the Nationalized Commercial Banks (NCBs) have someoverseas branches/remittance wings for transferring remittances. The private commercial

banks (PCBs) also become aggressive in transferring remittances by providing quick andreliable services. Some of the PCBs also have established oversees branch or correspondence

relationship with Banks/Exchange Houses. Although the nationalized and private commercialbanks have taken various marketing strategies to transfer remittances, but even today, thechoice of remittance channel is 46% formal and 54% informal.

Recently, illegal transfer of money slid down drastically, as Bangladesh Bank (BB) hasstepped up monitoring of such transactions at home. BB so far gave license to 660 exchangehouses to set up offices abroad to facilitate remittance. Local banks are now able to delivermoney to recipients in weeks.

REFERENCES:

http://www.bangladesh-bank.org

http://www.nblbd.com

http://www.bei-bd.org/publications, Bangladesh Enterprise Institute,

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http://www.mincom.gov.bd/export_info.php

Azad, Abul Kalam (2004) Migrants Remittances: Can it be a Source of Finance for Micro-

Enterprise Development in Bangladesh?proceedings of the Asia Pacific Regional Micro

Credit Summit Meeting of Councils.

de Bruyn, T. and Kuddus U. (2005) Dynamics of Remittance Utilization in Bangladesh,

IOM, Geneva.

Finance Division (2007), Bangladesh Economic Review 2007, Ministry of Finance,

Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka.

Azad, Abul Kalam (2004) Migrants Remittances: Can it be a Source of Finance for Micro-

Enterprise Development in Bangladesh?proceedings of the Asia Pacific Regional Micro

Credit Summit Meeting of Councils.
http://www.mincom.gov.bd/export_info.phphttp://www.mincom.gov.bd/export_info.php

remittance final

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