1

RELATIONAL ANATOMICAL TERMSRELATIONAL ANATOMICAL TERMS

_____________

or_______

_______ _____________ _______

______

Neuraxis

____________

also:-

________or

________Chap. 2- 2

___________- _____________- ___________

RELATIONAL ANATOMICAL TERMSRELATIONAL ANATOMICAL TERMS_______

_________or

_________________

or_______

Chap. 2- 3

________

2

Some jargon for neural projections in the Central Nervous SystemSome jargon for neural projections in the Central Nervous System(or how neurons talk to other neurons!)(or how neurons talk to other neurons!)

Neural Projections: _______________________________________________________________________________________________

Afferent: _______________________________Efferent: __________________________________

Track: _______________________________________________________Nerve: __________________________________________________________

Chap. 2- 4

__________________________________

Ganglion(a): ________________________________________Nucleus(i): ______________________________________

MENINGES AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUIDMENINGES AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

Chap. 2- 5

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF):

- your brain is “floating” inside your head!!!

3

NERVOUS SYSTEMNERVOUS SYSTEM

(includes cranial nerves)

Chap. 2- 6

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMPERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

1. Somatic Nervous System: _____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Autonomic Nervous System (self-regulating): ___________________________________________________________

a. Sympathetic Nervous System: _______________________________________________________

b. Parasympathetic Nervous System: ____________________

Chap. 2- 7

_________________________________c. Enteric Nervous System: ____________________________

____________________________

4

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEMAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Chap. 2- 8

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEMSOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Sensory: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________- ___________________________________________

Carries sensory signals from skin, skeletal muscles (proprioception), joints, bones, and other sensory systems to central nervous system = afferents to CNS

- __________________________________________________________________________________

Motor: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________- _____________________________________- _____________________________________________________

Carries motor information from the central nervous to skeletal muscles = efferents from CNS

Chap. 2- 9

Cranial nerves: ________________________________________- __________________________________________________________________________________________________________- _________________________________________

___________________________________are also part of the somatic nervous system

axons enter and exit brain via “cranial nerves”.

5

CLASSIC DERMATOMAL MAPCLASSIC DERMATOMAL MAP

Chap. 2-10

AFFERENTS AND EFFERENTS OF THE SPINAL CORDAFFERENTS AND EFFERENTS OF THE SPINAL CORD

Dorsal

Chap. 2-11

Ventral

Blue = Ascending (sensory) tractsRed = Descending (motor) tracts

6

CRANIAL NERVESCRANIAL NERVES

I. OlfactorySmell

II. OpticVision

III. OcculomotorIV. Trochlear

EyeMovement

V. TrigeminalJaw muscles, facial touch and pain

VII. FacialFacial movement and sensation

XI. Accessory SpinalNeck muscles

XII. HypoglossalTongue movement

VI. AbducensEye movement

Chap. 2-12

VIII. VestibulocochlearHearing, balance

IX. GlossopharyngealTaste, muscles of throat,pharynx, and larynx.

X. VagusInternal organs

Oh, oh, oh to touch and feel very good velvet Ah, Ha

1. Olfactory nerve2 O ti2. Optic nerve3. Occulomotor nerve4. Trochlear nerve5. Trigeminal nerve6. Abducens nerve7. Facial nerve8 Vestibulocochlear nerve8. Vestibulocochlear nerve9. Glossopharyngeal nerve10. Vagus nerve11. Accessory spinal nerve12. Hypoglossal nerve

7

THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMTHE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

___________- ____________- ____________

Forebrain

____________- ______________Midbrain

Hindbrain

Chap. 2-13

____________- ______________- ______________

Hindbrain

MYELENCEPHALON (MEDULLA)MYELENCEPHALON (MEDULLA)

HINDBRAINHINDBRAIN

- origin of several“nuclei” that give rise to cranial nerves;

- dorsomedial medulla contains relay nuclei for sensory stimuli (nuclei cuneatus and gracilis) on their way to

METENCEPHALONMETENCEPHALON

cuneatus and gracilis) on their way to thalamus;

- contains all tracts to/from spinal cord/brain.

1. ______________: involved in motor coordination, fine motor movements, and habit learning (ex riding a

Chap. 2-14

and habit learning (ex., riding a bike)

2. ____: associated with several cranial nerves (especially for hearing), several tracts, and pontine reticular formation.

8

MESENCEPHALON (MIDBRAIN)MESENCEPHALON (MIDBRAIN)

MIDBRAINMIDBRAIN

1. _________:- Inferior colliculus:

auditory information- Superior colliculus: visual- Superior colliculus: visual

information

2. ____________:- Substantia Nigra:

Dopamine producing cells sending their axons to basal ganglia

Chap. 2-15

(these are the cells that die in Parkinson’s disease)

-Reticular formation : sleep, wakefulness, attention, etc.

FOREBRAIN. DIENCEPHALONFOREBRAIN. DIENCEPHALON1. ___________: dorsal part of

diencephalon- important relay of all types

of information (vision, hearing, pain, touch, temperature, proprioception) from all over the body (spinal cord) to neocortex.

2. _______________:- ventral part of diencephalon- controls autonomic nervous

system

Chap. 2-16

system- controls motivated behavior

(sex, eating, drinking, etc.)- controls many hormones

from pituitary gland (master gland)

9

FOREBRAIN. TELENCEPHALONFOREBRAIN. TELENCEPHALONCEREBRAL CORTEX: _______________________________________

Chap. 2-17

FOREBRAIN. TELENCEPHALONFOREBRAIN. TELENCEPHALON

___________________: motor learning, feedback, and control

- _________________ (also called Striatum; receives dopaminergic axons from Substantia Nigra)

- ________________- nucleus Accumbens (ventral striatum; involved in drug addiction and reward

h i D i d i t tid )mechanisms; Dopamine, endogenous opiates neuropeptides)

Chap. 2-18

10

FOREBRAIN. TELENCEPHALONFOREBRAIN. TELENCEPHALONLIMBIC SYSTEM: _______________________________________________

- _____________________: social behaviors, “working” memory,

d th “ ti ”and other “executive” functions.

- ______________: Learning and memory, stress.

- :

Chap. 2-19

____________Aggressiveness, fear, anxiety and other emotions.