+ unit 1: intro to anatomy chapter 1.2 anatomical terms
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 1: Intro to AnatomyChapter 1.2
Anatomical Terms
Anatomic variationNot everyone is exactly the sameDifferent races, hair color, eye color, sex, height, body type etc.
People have different anatomy!
What is “normal” or “average”?Male: 22 years old, 70 Kg (154 Lbs)Female: 22 years old, 58 Kg (128 Lbs)
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Directional Terms
Directional TermsUsed to describe the “location” or “direction” of one organ compared to anotherMore “scientific” way of saying that your heart is “above your stomach, and in front of your lungs”
+Anatomical position
- Standing straight up, feet flat on the ground, arms at your side, and palms facing forward
- It is from this position that the rest of the anatomical terms will be derived
Directional Terms
Superior: “above” something else“Your brain is superior to your heart”
Inferior: “below” something else“your kidneys are inferior to your lungs”
+Anterior (Ventral): towards your front• Your nose is anterior to your ears.
•Posterior/Dorsal: towards your back• Your ears are Your ears are posteriorposterior to your to your nose.nose.
Let’s Review
• The nails are ______ (dorsal or ventral) in the anatomical position.
ANSWER: Dorsal - recall that the anatomical position calls for your palms to face forward…your nails would face your back
• The sternum is ____ (superior or inferior) to your mouth.
ANSWER: Inferior
Proximal: closer to the trunk or attachment pointThe elbow is proximal to the shoulder.
The knee is proximal to the hip.
Distal: Farther from the trunk or attachment pointThe wrist is distal to the shoulder.
The ankle is distal to the hip.
+Central – toward the brain or spinal cordThe spinal cord is central to the limbs
Peripheral – away from the brain or spinal cord (toward the limbs)The arms are peripheral to the spinal cord
Superficial: Close to the body surface (when looking from the inside towards the skin)“You can see superficial bruises because they’re on the surface”
Deep: Closer to the inside of the body (farther from the surface of the body)“Bones are deep to the muscle”
Medial - Towards the middle “Your heart is medial to your lungs”
“Your nose is medial to your ears”
Lateral: Away from the middle (towards a side)“Your arms are lateral to your heart”
“Your ears are lateral to your nose”
Supine = Body laying face up “when you are laying on your
back you are supine” Prone = Body laying face
down “when you are laying on
stomach you are prone”
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Planes of the Body
+Planes of the Body
Imaginary flat surface passing through the body
Planes are often used in directions for dissections or as reference in figures
+Sagittal (Median) PlaneDivides into left and right portions
Midsaggital plane - passes through the midline of the body
Parasaggital plane – a cut that does not pass through the midline
+Frontal (Coronal) PlaneDivides body into anterior and posterior sections
+Transverse (Horizontal) PlaneDivides the body into superior and inferior portions
Divides the body horizontally
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Regions of the Body
+Axial Region – Cephalic (Head)
ANTERIORCephalic - headFrontal – foreheadOrbital – eyeBuccal – cheekMental – chinFacial – on your face
POSTERIOROccipital
+Axial Region – Cervical (Neck)
Cervical: front of your neck
Nuchal: back of your neck
+Axial Region – Torso or Thoracic ANTERIOR
Celiac - abdomen
Mammary – breast
Sternal - area in the center of your chest, the sternum
Pectoral - area around your breast
Costal - ribs
Inguinal – groin
Genital – reproductive organs
Coxal - hip
Celiac (abdomen)
Mammary (breast)
Costal (rib)
+Axial Region – Torso or Thoracic
POSTERIOR
Dorsum: the back
Vertebral: area of your spine (on your back)
Interscapular: area between both of your shoulder blades (on your back)
Lumbar: lower back
Sacral: between hips
Perineal: between the anus and the pubic arch
Interscapular (between shoulder blades)
+Appendicular Region – Upper Limb
Acromial - point of shoulder
Brachial - arm
Antecubital – front of elbow
Cubital - elbow
Antebrachium - forearm
Palmer - palm
Axillary - Armpit
Digital - fingers
Antebrachium (forearm)
Axillary (armpit)
Digital (fingers)
+Appendicular Region – Lower Limb
Gluteal – buttocks
Femoral – thigh
Popliteal – back of knee
Patellar – knee
Cural – leg
Plantar – sole of foot
Pedal – foot
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Body Cavities
+ Body Cavities
Posterior Cavity
cranial cavity & vertebral cavity
Anterior Cavity thoracic cavity & abdominopelvic cavity
diaphragm (a muscle) separates the two cavities
+Posterior (Dorsal) Body Cavity
Cranial Cavity
Skull encloses the brain
Vertebral Cavity
Vertebrae enclose the spinal cord
+Anterior (Ventral) Body CavityThoracic Cavity Abdominopelvic Cavity
•Pleural Cavity – lungs
•Pericardial Cavity – heart
•Mediastinum – thymus, vessels from heart
•Abdominal Cavity – digestive organs, kidneys
•Pelvic Cavity – bladder, rectum, reproductive organs
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Poste
rior
Cranial
Vertebral
Thoracic
Diaphragm
Abdominal
Pelvic