Regents Review

Individuals Other Than Presidents

• 1848, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott organized The Women’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, N.Y.

• Issued Declaration of Sentiments (modeled after Declaration of Independence).

• 1853, Susan B. Anthony joined.• Began focusing on suffrage.• After the Civil War with the passage of the

14th and 15th amendments- women wanted it to apply to them as well.

• Led to the creation of New York City based National Women’s Suffrage Association. Wanted a constitutional amendment.

• 1872- Anthony votes illegally in Presidential election.

• Arrested and found guilty.

• Anthony died in 1906.

• 19th Amendment- 1920 Women’s Suffrage.

• 1913- car maker, Henry Ford adopted the assembly line.

• Assembly line divided operations into simple tasks that unskilled workers could do.

• After Ford started using this system the time it took to make a car decreased dramatically.

• 1913- 12 hours to make a car.

• 1924- 93 minutes.• By 1925 a car came

off the assembly line every 10 seconds.

• Ford’s assembly line product was the Model T.

• 1908- 1st year of the Model T- cost $850.

• Due to the assembly line and high volume sales by 1924- $295.

• Low price created demand.

• By 1920’s other car manufacturers like Chrysler and G.M. began competing with Ford.

• Impact of Automobile:

• Increase in garages and gas stations.

• People live farther from work.

• Commuters (suburbs)

• 1890-1920- The Progressive Movement focused on fixing problems in American society.

• Muckrakers- investigated social conditions and political corruption.

• 1906- Upton Sinclair writes “The Jungle”

• “The Jungle”- was a bestseller.

• Exposed the unsanitary conditions in the Chicago meatpacking plants.

• Made consumers ill and angry.

• Many became vegetarians.

• Resulted in the Meat Inspection Act- required Federal inspection of meat sold and set standards of cleanliness in meat packing plants.

• Pure Food and Drug Act- prohibited the manufacture, sale or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food and drugs.

• As a result of Rosa Parks, King formed The Montgomery Improvement Association.

• Goal- to end segregation and racism through non-violent passive resistance.

• Led by King, set up the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957. Worked to end segregation and register blacks to vote.

• In Birmingham arrested during protest.

• Wrote on scraps of paper “Letter From Birmingham City Jail.”

• It was a defense of non-violent protest.

• In support of the Civil Rights Act, King organized a march on Washington, D.C.

• August 28, 1963- 200,000 gathered. Delivered his famous “I Have A Dream” speech.

• July 2, 1964 – Civil Rights Act passed. Banned segregation in public places.

• March 7, 1965- March from Selma to Montgomery.

• As protesters approached the bridge out of Selma, Sheriff ordered them to back up.

• Protesters knelt in prayer.• State troops (and others who

were deputized) attacked them.

• Voting Rights Act of 1965: 250,000 African Americans were registered to vote.

• At 35, King was the youngest man to win the Nobel Peace Prize (1964).

• April 1968 King was assassinated by James Earl Ray in Memphis, Tenn.

• 1976- Stephen Wozniak and Steve Jobs wanted to build a small computer for personal use and founded Apple Computers.

• Apple’s success sparked competition.

• 1981- International Business Machines (IBM) introduced its own PC.

• 1984- Apple responded with using a mouse.

• Bill Gates- 19 year old Harvard dropout co-founded Microsoft.

• Microsoft designed PC software, the instructions used to program computers to perform desired tasks.

• 1980- IBM hired Microsoft to develop an operating system for its new PC.

• 1985- Microsoft introduced “windows” which enabled PC’s to use a mouse activated, on screen graphic icons.

• Impact: Computers transformed the workplace.

• It linked employees within an office and among branches.

• Computers became an essential tool for most businesses.