regents biology welcome to semester 2 topics genetics classification viruses/bacteria very brief...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Regents Biology
Welcome to Semester 2Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal Phyla Human Body
Fresh Start for your Semester 2 Grade Full effort, come in for help, get homework
done, take notes, study for tests…set goals for a higher grade
![Page 2: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Regents Biology
Agendas Out Plan for this week – write down your
homework (use your agendas this semester – they help!)
Semester 1 Final Exam – if you want to go through the test, you may come in on your own time to check your answers (you will be given key to check with)
![Page 3: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Regents Biology
Zebra Like our fingerprints – no two
patterns are exactly the same 3 different species – each
species does have a general pattern
Stripes distort distance at dawn and dusk – tricks predators
Social animals – graze together, groom each other
Some herds can have over a thousand members
Look-out for each other and protect the wounded of their group
![Page 4: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cucumber Genetics In about 2 weeks we will be tasting cucumber
cotyledons to determine whether they are the bitter or non-bitter variety – then we will collect data to determine the genes that code for bitter/non-bitter and their frequency
Today, you will be planting 1 seed in a pot of soil – don’t place seed too deep in soil
Water your plant Label your name and hour on the pot/cup WASH HANDS AFTER PLANTING
![Page 5: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
2006-2007 Regents Biology
Genetics *study of passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring
Why do we look the way we do?
![Page 6: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Regents Biology
Inheritance of chromosomes Meiosis = making sex cells (egg and sperm) Egg + sperm zygote
egg
sperm
zygote
fertilizationmitosis &
development
meiosis
![Page 7: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Regents Biology
Inheritance of genes On the chromosomes passed from
Mom & Dad to offspring are genes may be same information may be different information
eye color(blue or brown?)
eye color(blue or brown?)
![Page 8: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Regents Biology
Effect of genes Genes come in different versions
brown vs. blue eyes brown vs. blonde hair alleles
![Page 9: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Regents Biology
What did we show here? Genes come in “versions”
brown vs. blue eye color alleles
Alleles are inherited separately from each parent brown & blue eye colors are separate &
do not blend either have brown or blue eyes, not a blend
Some alleles mask others brown eye color masked blue
![Page 10: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Regents Biology
Genes affect what you look like
XBBbb
Bb Bb Bb Bb
Where did the blue eyes go??
![Page 11: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Regents Biology
Genes affect what you look like…
XBbbb
Bb Bb bb bb
Why did the blue eyes stay??
![Page 12: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Regents Biology
Genes affect what you look like…
XBbBb
BB or Bb BB or Bb BB or Bb bb
Where did the blue eyes come from??
![Page 13: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Regents Biology
How does this work?
eye color(brown?)
hair color
hair color
eye color
(blue?)
Paired chromosomes have same kind of genes but may be different alleles
![Page 14: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Regents Biology
Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkeys
Old world monkeys Live in small part of China
mountains, and a small colony is found in Tibet
Endangered Specialist feeders – eat only
lichens growing on the bark of pine trees
Named from short, stumpy nose Live high up in mountain forests,
up to 4700 meters up! World’s highest living non-human
primates Live in groups of 20-60 Little is known about them – hard
to study! Not discovered until the 1990’s!
![Page 15: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Regents Biology
The Father of Genetics Gregor Mendel – first person to predict
how traits pass between generations Studied pea plants Self-pollination and cross-pollination Studies 1 trait at a time - Monohybrid Studies short vs. tall plants over several
generations, then also studies other plant traits separately
![Page 16: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Regents Biology
Generations P1 = Parent
F1 = First Filial (first set of offspring)
F2 = Second Filial (second set of offspring)
![Page 17: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Regents Biology
Extending Mendelian genetics Mendel worked with a simple system
peas are genetically simple most traits are controlled by single gene each gene has only 2 version
1 completely dominant (A) 1 recessive (a)
But its usually not that simple!
![Page 18: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Regents Biology
Traits are inherited as separate units
1 from Mom
1 from Dad
For each trait, an organism inherits 2 copies of a gene, 1 from each parent a diploid organism inherits
1 set of chromosomes from each parent diploid = 2 sets of chromosomes Sex cells are haploid (1 set of
chromosomes)
homologous chromosomes
![Page 19: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Regents Biology
Making gametes
BB = brown eyesbb = blues eyesBb = brown eyes
BB
bb
Bb
brown is dominant over blue
blue is recessive to brown
Remember meiosis!
B
B
b
b
B
b
![Page 20: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Regents Biology
How do we say it?
BB = brown eyesbb = blues eyes
Bb = brown eyes
2 of the sameHomozygous
2 differentHeterozygous
BB
B
B
bb
b
b
Bb
B
b
homozygous dominanthomozygous recessive
![Page 21: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Regents Biology
Genetics vs. appearance There can be a difference between
how an organism looks & its geneticsappearance or trait = phenotype
brown eyes vs. blue eyesgenetic makeup = genotype
BB, Bb, bb
2 people can have the same appearance but have different genetics: BB vs Bb
![Page 22: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Regents Biology
Traits Inventory Let’s check some of your traits and
alleles you have
Traits Inventory Packet
![Page 23: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Regents Biology
Punnett squares (predict possible offspring)
Bb x Bbmale / sperm
fem
ale
/ eg
gs
X
BB
Bb bb
BbB
b
B b
![Page 24: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Regents Biology
Genetics vs. appearance
eye color(brown)
eye color
(brown)
eye color(blue)
eye color
(brown)
vs.
BB
B
BBb
B
b
How were these brown eyes made?How were these brown eyes made?
![Page 25: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
2005-2006 Regents Biology
Woof! Woof!Any Questions?
![Page 26: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
2005-2006Regents Biology
Dog Genes and Pea Pod WS Let’s practice what we just went over! Let’s do one Punnet Square Together –
then take 8-10 minutes to complete the rest of the worksheet (both sides)
![Page 27: Regents Biology Welcome to Semester 2 Topics Genetics Classification Viruses/Bacteria Very brief – plants and fungi Animal Development Animal](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd45503460f94accbce/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
2005-2006Regents Biology
Monohybrid Cross Worksheet Due Thursday – you will have some
time to work tomorrow if you finish lab early