Reformation“What must I do to be saved?”

Impact of Renaissance

Italian Renaissance started a movement:

Christian Humanism– Major goal was the reform

of Christianity

– Believed in the ability of human beings to reason and improve themselves

– Thought if people read the Classics and basic Christian texts people would become more pious

What does pious mean?

• “Having or showing a dutiful spirit of reverence for God or an earnest wish to fulfill religious obligations”

• Christian Humanists thought inner piety would bring about a reform of the church

So,

• Believed people should read• Believed people would become good from reading• So, they supported schools

*In order to CHANGE the church needed to change the humans who made up the church!

Desiderius Erasmus• An EXAMPLE of a Christian Humanist

• Gave up being a monk- wandered Europe

• Spread the Philosophy of Christ

Philosophy of Christ

Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis

Inward feelings of religion = Important

External forms = Not important

Wrote “The Praise of The Folly”

Other CriticsJohn Wycliffe of England & Jan Hus

- Denied that the Pope had the right to worldly powers

-Bible had more authority than Church leaders

Corruption In Catholic Church• Between 1450-1520 popes are referred to as the

“Renaissance Popes”

• Too concerned with Italian politics

– Julius II = “warrior Pope” who personally led armies against his enemies

– Popes were patrons of art and architecture

Clergy also preoccupied by money…

To increase revenue, many took on

more than one job = PLURALISM

This led to absenteeism

Salvation

The Catholic Church believed to get to heaven you needed to:

1. Have Faith- meaning being a good Catholic (pray, go to Church, etc.)

2. Do good Work

During the Renaissance, people also believed they could buy relics or indulgences

MARTIN LUTHER

Was a professor of theology at the University of Wittenberg

Salvation (According to Luther)

According to Luther, humans were powerless in the eyes of God

Therefore they could NEVER do enough good works to get into heaven

To Luther, humans are saved through faith ALONE

Luther’s Teachings

• Taught that salvation happened from FAITH ALONE

• Bible = chief guide to religious truths

• Disagreed with Johann Tetzel who once said: “As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs.”

October 31, 1517

Posted

95 Theses

on the castle doorCriticized indulgences!

Reaction of Pope Leo

Spread…

• Thousands of copies spread throughout Germany

Luther began a break:Attacked the sacraments

• Kept baptism & Lord’s supper

Allowed clergy to marry

Now the Pope is mad…

• Church excommunicates Luther

• Brought before legislative assembly of Roman Empire (headed by Charles V)

• Charles V passed the Edict of Worms

Edict of Worms

• Martin Luther= an outlaw

• His works are to be burned

• Luther should be captured

Luther’s ideas start a

Revolution….

Groups… Fill in Charts!

Path to SalvationCatholic

– Faith

– Do Good Work– During Renaissance:

• Buying indulgences• Buying relics

Lutheran– Faith

Source of TruthCatholic

– Bible

– Pope/ Priests

Lutheran– Bible

SacramentsCatholic7 Sacraments

Lutheran2 Sacraments

Baptism

Communion

Design of ChurchCatholic

– Gothic Cathedrals

– Large, dramatic, art

Lutheran– Simple

Can Priests Marry?Catholic

– No

Lutheran– Yes

After Worms….

• Luther begins to break away….

• He is no longer reforming the Catholic Church- new Lutheran Church is developing

New religious services…• Worship service consisted of:

– Bible readings– Preaching the word of God– Song

Masses held in simple churches,

no longer in Latin- very plain!

Martin Luther gets married!

Not Luther or Katerina!

In Germany…

• Rulers motivated by:

• Converted to Lutheran and took control of churches and land

• Lutheran Churches became state churches*Political leaders not the pope held the last word

Spread not all easy…

Look at your group work…

Peasant War in Germany

Charles V

Peace of Augsburg

Peace of Augsburg

• The ruler determines the religion for the state

• Why does this matter?– There are religious options!– Lutheran (as a religion) is formally accepted

In England…

King of England vs. Church

Henry VIII Catherine of Aragon

• Henry VIII (Catholic) wants to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon (Catholic)

• Normally the Pope would grant an annulment, but Catherine is the AUNT of Charles V

MARY

Church Said No?• Henry, furious, gets

Parliament to rule that the King of England was supreme

• This Parliament was known as the Reformation Parliament

Married Anne Boleyn

Elizabeth

Act of Supremacy

• Henry is the head of the Church Of England

• Anglican Church

The Six Wives of Henry VIII To satisfy his desires and to

secure a male heir, Henry married six times:

1. CATHERINE OF ARAGON marriage was annulled 1533.

2. ANNE BOLEYN who was executed and her daughter Elizabeth was declared illegitimate.

3. JANE SEYMOUR who died in 1537 after giving birth to Edward VI.

4. ANNE OF CLEVES (who Henry married sight unseen) but the marriage was annulled by Parliament

5. CATHERINE HOWARD was beheaded for adultery in 1542.

6. CATHERINE PARR survived him.

Edward VI (1547-1553)When Henry died, his son

Edward VI rules.

He was only ten years old!

England fully enacted the Protestant Reformation.– Act Of Uniformity – Book of Common Prayer – Images and altars were removed from

the churches in 1550.

Mary I (1553-1558)

In 1553, Mary succeeded Edward

Attempted to restore Catholic doctrine and practice.

Bloody Mary

Elizabeth I (1558-1603)• Ascended throne in 1558

• Resolved religious disputes– Act of Supremacy

• Single

• Phillip II (Spain)*1588 Spanish Armada*

England wins!!!!!

(Daughter: Mary)

(Daughter: Elizabeth) (Son: Edward VI)