Reefer ShipsCollage Of International Transportation And Logistics

Cargo Handling Management

Captain: Mohamed Shafik

By: Ihab M. Tarek

Reefer Ships• These ships differ from conventional cargo ships in their design and power generation and electrical

distribution equipment.

• The hull is divided by bulkheads and tween decks into many compartment to control each compartment temperature.

• Each compartment is totally insulated at all sides.

• The hatch opening is small to keep temperature loss to the minimum.

• The hull is painted with light colors to reflect sunlight.

• The vessel has very high speed because the cargo carried is liable to damage.

• Refrigerated container ships are specifically designed to carry containerized unit loads where each container has its individual refrigerated unit.

• It is ease of loading and unloading cargo many container ships are now being built or redesigned to carry refrigerated containers.

HISTORY OF REEFER SHIPS• In 1879, Henry Bell and John Bell of Scotland and Joseph James Coleman of England completed the Bell-Coleman dense-air machine on

the Anchor liner Circassia, which successfully brought a cargo of chilled beef from the US to London.

• In 1880, Strathleven, equipped with a Bell-Coleman air machine and loaded with successfully shipped beef, mutton, butter and kegs, sailed from Melbourne Australia to London—a 9-week voyage of about 15,000 miles (24,000 km).

• In 1881, Alfred Seale Haslam of England equipped the liner Orient with Haslam refrigeration compressors. He bought the Bell-Coleman dense-air patents in 1878 and eventually equipped four hundred plants and ships with Bell-Coleman machines.

• By 1899, refrigerated fruit ship traffic to the US reached 90,000 tons/ year.

• By 1890, after acquiring the patent rights of Franz Windhausen's CO2-compression refrigeration system, the J&E Hall company installed the first marine CO2 refrigerator system on the Nelson Line ship Highland Chief.

• In 1900, a worldwide survey found 356 refrigerated ships, 37% of which had air machines, 37% ammonia compressors and 25% CO2 compressors. , Great Britain imported over 360,000 metric tons of refrigerated meat: 220,000 tons from Argentina, 95,000 tons from New Zealand and 45,000 tons from Australia. There were weekly sailings on refrigerated "banana boats" from the UK to Central America by Elders and Fyffes Ltd, which had been importing bananas since 1888 to the UK in their own ships. Round trips took 28 days.

• In 1901, the first refrigerated banana ship, the Port Morant, was equipped with a CO2 machine and carried 23,000 stems of bananas at controlled temperature from Jamaica to the UK.

• In 1902, Lloyd's Register recorded 460 ships with refrigerating plants. , the United Fruit Company started having refrigerated "banana" boats built in the UK to add to their fleet which hauled passengers and bananas between ports in the United States and Central America.

• By 1910, UK refrigerated meat imports rose to 760,000 tons/year. , the British company J&E Hall had installed 1800 CO2 refrigeration machines in ships.

• By 1913, UK fleet included 230 refrigerated ships with total cargo capacity of 440,000 ton.

• By 1935, refrigerated imports into Britain totaled 1,000,000 metric tons (980,000 long tons; 1,100,000 short tons) of meat, 500,000 tons of butter, 130,000 tons of cheese, 430,000 tons of apples and pears, and 20 million stems of bananas.

TYPES OF REEFER SHIPS

There are three main types of reefer ships based on the types for shipment of perishable goods.

1. Reefer Cargo Ships

o traditional ships are intended for carriage of reefer cargoes in bulk.

o Pure pallet ships are intended for carriage of palletized goods in all cargo spaces.

o Freezers are intended for carriage of fish and other frozen goods. Here there are types

• fish carriers are vessels intended to carry mainly frozen fish and sometimes frozen cargo.

• fish factory vessels are vessels built as fishing and/or fish processing vessels, but also able to carry frozen cargoes.

• freezers or primary frozen goods carrier are purposely built to carry frozen cargoes.

2. Reefer Containerships, are exclusively intended to carry integral refrigerated containers in holds and on decks.

3. Fruits Juice Carriers have special cargo tanks.

WORLD'S BIGGEST REEFER SHIPHAROPA reefer ship

Haropa port du Havre (France) Have received the World Biggest Reefer Ship according to a 9,600 teu containership delivered by Hyundai to the German shipping company Hamburg-Süd.

Among its assets:

• 500,000 sq./m. of warehousing capacity

under positive or negative temperature.

• around 20 ha of estate reserves available.

• about 50 freight forwarders expert in reefer trade, customs and sanitary formalities, etc.

• Customs: single entry point on the same site.

• More than 100 reefer haulers.

Reefers containers

• Refrigerated containers which plug in to the electrical system on container ships are also known as reefers.

• Reefers carry perishable goods in specially ventilated holds to keep the cargo at an evenly cool temperature.

Types of refrigerated cargo

• Refrigerated ships are used to transport perishable commodities which require temperature-controlled transportation

• mostly fruits, meat, fish, vegetables, dairy products and other foodstuffs.

design of cooling system in reefer ship

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