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?! red efining tra sh

Red efining Tra shCom pac t Oxford English Dic tionary

Tra sh (ORIGIN of unknown origin) :

• noun c hiefly N. Am er. 1 wa ste ma teria l; refuse. 2 worthless writing, art, etc .3 a p erson or pe op le reg a rd ed a s b eing of very low soc ia l stand ing .

• verb informa l, chiefly N. Am er. wrec k or destroy.

Deriving Value from Wha t WeDo Not Need

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?! red efining tra sh the tra sh g enera tion

Trash o r Munic ip a l Wa ste a re t ypic a lly new sp ap ers, ap p lianc es, clothing a nd b ott les c ollec ted from househo ld s, sma ll

businesses and other commercial activities.

In we a lthy c ountries, wa ste p er cap ita inc rea sed b y nea rly three fold in the lasttwo d ec a d es. Waste gene ra tion will inc rea se by a fac tor of five b y 2025. - Lexean,issue 12

United Sta tes747 kg per c a p ita

Ireland804 kg per c ap ita

United King d om588 kg per c a p ita

Germany566 kg per c a p ita

Italy545 kg per c a p ita

Belgium475 kg per c a p ita

China440 kg per ca pita

Sing ap ore1176 kg p er ca p ita

Japan427 kg per ca pita

Korea386 kg per ca pita

Tha ila nd220 kg per ca pita

Indonesia10 kg per c a pita

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?! red efining tra sh c onc erns on tra sh

METHANEMETHANE

Metha ne-spewing land fillsa re turning into b a ttleg rounds

Munic ipa lities c an't ea sily build new d umps bec ause peo p le refuse to live nea r one ."NIMBY"(Not In My Ba c k Yard ) is g iving way to "BANANA"(Build Ab solutely NothingAnywhere Nea r Anything).

Is this method susta ina b le?

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?! red efining tra sh d rivers b ehind tra sh mana gement

Grow th ofDeveloping

Countries

Rising Affluenc eAnd Exc ess of

Mid d le C la ss

EnvironmentalAwa reness /

Civic Moveme nt

GovernmentRegulations

Ra w Ma teria lPrice rise

CommoditiesShorta geEsp Peak Minerals

New Ang le o f Consid era tion

High Fue l Co sts

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?! red efining tra sh what is getting more expe nsive now?

Lithium Palladium

Alumnium

Zinc

PlasticPaper

Glass

Concrete

Steel

Wood

Gold

Copper

Rare Metals

B u

i l d i n g

M a t e r i a

l s M e t al

C o m m o d i t i e

s

Raw Materials

Lithium Palladium

Alumnium

Zinc

PlasticPaper

Glass

Concrete

Steel

Wood

Gold

Copper

Rare Metals

B u

i l d i n g

M a t e r i a

l s M e t al

C o m m o d i t i e

s

Raw Materials

LET’ S FOCUS ONRa re Meta ls a nd Meta l Comm od ities

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?! red efining tra sh d esp ite rec ent p ric e c orrec tion …

Histo ry has to ld us to expec t c yc les and up turn

?

Not to sc ale

Gold miners awa it upturn 4 Nov 2008 WSJ

Som e a dd c apac ity, seeking ma rketsha re; strong d olla r help s

Swiss smelters running hot as rich turn to gold18 Dec 2008 BT Peo p le b uying gold b a rs a t theSwiss smelter Argor-Heraeus have to waitabout a m onth, taking into ac c ount theyea r-end holid ay sea son.

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?! red efining tra sh the world minera l stoc k is finite …

Where are the minerals?

RUSSIAIndium 5%Nickel 6%Platinum/Rhodium 8%Antimony 10%

CHINAAluminum 7%Antimony 62%Copper 7%Gold 5%Indium 22%Lead 25%Nickel 5%Phosphorus 26%Silver 21%Tin 31%Zinc 20%

AUSTRALIAAluminum 24%Copper 5%

Gold 7%Lead 19%Nickel 19%Silver 7%Uranium 23%Zinc 17%

SOUTH AFRICAAntimony 5%Chromium 35%Gold 40%Nickel 8%Phosphorus 5%Platinum/Rhodium 88%Uranium 8%

CANADAIndium 33%Lead 6%Nickel 10%Silver 6%Zinc 7%

USACopper 7%Lead 14%Phosphorus 7%Silver 14%Zinc 20%Uranium 10%

BRAZILAluminium 8%Nickel 6%Tin 22%Uranium 5%

PERUCopper 6%Gold 5%Silver 7%Tin 9%

KAZAKHSTANChromium 60%Lead 5%Uranium 16%Zinc 8%

WORLD TOTALSPhosphorus 49,750 mil tonAluminum 32,350 mil tonCopper 937 mil tonChromium 779 mil tonZinc 460 mil tonLead 144 mil tonNickel 143 mil tonTin 11.2 mil tonAntimony 3.86 mil tonUranium 3.3 mil tonSilver 569,000 tonGold 89,700 tonPlatinum/Rhodium79,840 tonIndium 6,000 ton Source : “Earth’s Natural Wealth, An Audit”, 23 May 2007, New Scientist

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?! red efining tra sh how long will these resourc es la st?

510

42

142

40

20

5738

19

34 36

8

1713

9

4

1

10

100

1000

A l u m

i n i u m

P l a t i n u m

P h o s p

h o r u s

C h r o m

i u m

T a n

t a l u m

N i c k e

l

C o p p e r

U r a n

i u m

Z i n c

G o

l d

L e a

d T i n

A n

t i m o n y

S i l v e r

I n d i u m

N u m

b e r o f

Y e a r s

( L o g

S c a

l e )

If the wo rldc onsume s a ttod ay’ s rate

If the wo rldc onsume s a tha lf the USconsumptionrate

1027

360 345

143116

9061 59

46 45 42 4030 29

13

Likely to b e d ep letedwithin the next 50 yea rs

Likely to b e d ep lete d within the next 100 yea rs

Source : “Earth’s Natural Wealth, An Audit”, 23 May 2007, New Scientist

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?! red efining tra sh sc a rc ity o f resourc es

Urba n Miners look for Prec ious Metals in Cellphones27 Ap ril 2008, Int Herald Trib une A tonne o f ore from a gold mine p rod uc es just 5gra ms of g old on a vera ge, wherea s a tonne o fd isc a rd ed mo b ile p hones c a n yield 150 g rams ormo re... The sa me volume of d isc a rd ed mob ile

phones a lso c onta ins a round 100 kg o f c op per a nd3 kg of silve r, a mo ng o ther me ta ls. Urban M

A tonne o f ore from gold mine A tonne o f disc a rd ed mo bile p hones

Ave 5g of g old Ave 150g of g old

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?! red efining tra sh wha t c an be mined from a c ellp hone?

USGS report July 2006 “ Rec yc led Cell Phones – a Treasure Trove of Va lua b le Meta ls”• Less tha n 1 pe rc ent of c ell p hone s a re rec ycled .• Ma teria l c ontent of a typic a l c ell p hone : co pp er, iron, nic kel, silver and zinc , with sma ll a mountsof a luminum, go ld , lea d , ma nga nese, pa lla d ium, pla tinum a nd tin.

140kgCopper

3.1kgSilver

300g

Gold

130gPalladium

3g

Platinum

One tonne o f ob solete c ell phone s c onta ins :Ba sed on 12 feb 09 p ric es, equa ls US$13,078

1.2 b illion p hones were sold world wid e (2007)

60% of them p rob ab ly rep la c ed existing o nes- ABI Resea rch, NYTimes 13 Jan 08

Annual ly 720 mil lion unit s or 80,00 0 tonnes of c ell p hones a r e tra shed

Potenti a l of US$1Bil worth o f minera l s to b e e xtracted

Sourc e : USGS Rep ort

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?! red efining tra sh what c a n be mined from a p c ?

230kgPlastic

210kgIron

140kgAluminium

10kgNIckel

160gGold

1.9kgSilver

One tonne o f ob solete d esktop PC c onta ins :

Based on 12 Feb 09 p ric es, equa ls US$1,852

Gartner Says More than 1 Billion PCs In UseWorld wid e & Hea d ed to 2 Billion Units b y 2014 Sourc e : Co mp osition o f a Desktop Persona l Comp ute

Microelec tronics and Co mp uter Tec hnology Co rp oration (MMC ) 1996

=> Pote n tia l of US$11. 3Bilworth of mate ria ls to b e extracte d

“ We forec a st just o ver 180 million PCs — a pproxima tely 16 pe rc ent of the existing insta lledba se — will be rep lac ed this yea r,” sa id Me ike Esc heric h, princ ipa l resea rc h a na lyst a t Ga rtne r.

60kgLead

250kgSilic a

10kgTin

70kgCopper

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?! red efining tra sh so, a re we rec yc ling our phones?

Ac c ord ing to Nokia ’ s Globa l Consumer Survey on Rec yc ling (Jul08)• Around 3 billion p eop le a re using mo bile phones in the world• Peop le on a vera ge have ea c h owned around five phones

74% sa id they d on’ t think a bout rec yc lingtheir mo b ile p hone- 88% of p eo p le in Ind onesia- 84% of p eo p le in Ind ia

- 78% of p eople in Brazil, Sweden , Germany , Finland

Only 3% of thep eop le rec yc les

their mob ilephones

What do People d o w ith their Old Phones?

Landfilled4%

Others (lost, stolen,etc)8%

Recycled3%

Kep t at Home44%

Sold to Sec ond aryMarkets

16%

Passed toRela tives/ Friend s

25%

The United Sta tes Geolog ic a l Survey estima tes tha t in 2005 there w ere a lrea d y more tha nhalf a b illion o ld p hones sitting in Ame rican drawers . Tha t ad d ed up to m ore tha n $300

million worth of gold, p a lla d ium, silver, c op p er and p la tinum

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?! red efining tra sh rec yc ling sa ves energy

1 0 6Carpets

5 6

2 0 6

8 3

5 3

5 1

AluminiumCans

CopperWire

LDPE

PET

HDPE

1 5 1 6

1 0

2 0

Steel

Cans

Newspaper

Office

Paper

CorrugatedCardboard

MetalsPlastics

Fibres

Sourc e : Rec yc ling, the Big Picture, Nat Geo Ja n 08

1 tonne(virg in ma te rials

only)

1 tonne(ma x rec yc led

materials)

vs

Eac h sphere rep resents the energy sa ved in the US, in millions of BTU per ton , whenp rod uc ts a re ma nufac tured using the maximum perc enta ge o f rec yc led ma teria ls,c ompared with using virg in ma te ria ls a lone.

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?! red efining tra sh environmenta lly, ore mining is b a d …

Earthworks estima tes tha t mining the g old need ed for the c irc uit b oa rd of a sing le m ob ile p hone generates 220 p ound s of waste .

Source : “The Afterlife of Cellphones”, NYTimes 13 Jan 08

Generates220lb of waste

To get one kilogram of gold , it ta kes691,000 litres of w a te r a nd141 kg of c yanid e

The Susta inability of Mining in Austra lia , 2007

“ A tonne of c op pe r prod uc esaround 250 tonnes of solid wa ste .”

Mo na sh U, Dr Ga vin Mud d

ORE MINING GENERATES A LOT OF WASTE …

… AND IT WASTE RESOURCES

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?! red efining tra sh

''If we know these meta ls a re, overa ll, bad for us,it d oesn't ma ke sense to keep d igg ing them up from the ea rth's c rust

and b ring ing them into the b iospherewhile -- a t the same time -- we're ta king the ones

we've a lrea d y go t and b urying them.''Tim Townsend , Environm ent Eng ineer, U of Florid a

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?! red efining tra sh In the world of red efined tra sh

What c a n Singa p ore d o?

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?! red efining tra sh etid o ha s inc lud ed e-rec yc ling r&d within their c ha rter

Waste Manag em entManag e the inc rea sing am ount of wa ste ina sustainab le mannerTowa rds zero wa ste a nd zero landfill

Co nve rt more wa ste into useful resourc eExtra c t highe r va lue p rod uc ts from wa steLow er the unit trea tme nt c ost a t o ur wa ste toenergy inc inera tion p la ntsMove Singa po re a hea d of the tec hnolog y c urveTrea t sp ec ia l waste b eing d isposed of a t thelandfill for reuse

Rem ed ia te o ld la nd fillsResourc e Rec overy Tec hno logy(Convert w a ste to useful resource & extrac t highVA p rod uc ts from wa ste)Energy Rec overy Tec hno logySp ec ial Wa ste Trea tm ent Tec hno logy

(Rem ove hea vy meta ls, rem ed ia te old la nd fills)

Pollution ControlKee p our air free from pollutionAd dress the p ollutants of tom orrow

Trea t p olluta nts a t sourc eAsc ertain wha t is get ting out into theatmosphereProvide faster a nd mo re a c c ura temea sure of p olluta nt e mission leve lsCa p ture C O2 at sourc eAb a te noise p ollution to ad d ress rising

affluenceTrea t polluta nts a t source, ca rb on c ap tureOnline a nd rem ote a na lysersNoise c a nc ella tion d evices

Challenges:

Need to developtechnologies to:

R&D Foc us Areas:

Source : ETIDO C lea n Environm ent

Prog ramm e 27 Aug 08

ETIDO = Environment Tec hno logy a nd Ind ustry Develop ment O ffic e

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?! red efining tra sh In the world of red efined tra sh

Research&Development Operational Exp ort of Services

Motivation:

Training

Trading

Financing

SortingTec hnology

Design4Recycling

Better YieldBette r Tec hniques

MineralsRecovery

Headquarters

Consultancy

Tec hnolog y Hub

Rec yc ling Hub

Ec onomics

What c a n Singa pore d o?

RegionalWatchdog

Design &Innovation Mfg

Retail &Consumer Collection Extraction Trading

Enabling Ecosystem

LIFECYCLE CHAIN OF ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS Urba n Mining

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?! red efining tra sh rec yc ling is not a bed of roses

GREEN THUMB - New HorizonStrong rec yc ling

Develop new tec hnolog ies to extra c t

every ounc ewith most g ree n me thod

Trash Avalanc heNo recycling Efforts

Ship tra sh to Dump ster Countries

BLUE SKY – No TrashRed uc e rubb ish

Develop new p rod uc ts thatgenerate no rubb ish

Com mo dities BoomCommodities Bust

Ec osystemPro Green

Ec osystemIndifferent

THE SHARKS – Exploita tionStrong rec yc ling

Op t for c heap est me thod seven if it is environmenta lly unfriend ly

Ec osystem c overs the governme nt, industries, NGOs, soc iety a nd so on

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?! red efining tra sh in the sha rks’ world : speed a nd not sa fety

High Tec h TrashNa tiona l Ge og rap hic , Jan 08He buys the ma c hines for less tha n $10 onInte rnet liquid a tion w eb sites. Or he b uys bulkload s from c ha rity sto res. The y strip resa la b lepa rts suc h a s d rives a nd memory c hips. Thenthey rip out w iring a nd b urn the p lastic . He sellsc op p er stripp ed from one sc rap loa d to b uyanother.

“ A Pentium 3 brings $150 in Ac c ra”

Elevated Conc entrations Of Toxic Metals In

China 's E-waste Rec yc ling WorkshopsSc ienc eDa ily (Ap r. 1, 2008)Rec yc ling method s used in fa mily-run w orkshop s c ould p osea serious hea lth risk to resid ents of the a rea throughinge stion a nd inhalation of c onta mina ted d ust

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?! red efining tra sh wrong tec hniq ues c a n be fa tal

Neurotoxin tha t ha rmskidneys and reproductive

systems

Inc inera tion p rod uc eshighly toxic d ioxins

Ma y ca use thyroidda mag e and harm fetal

development

Ca n da ma ge livers andkid neys, inc reased risk oflung c anc er and c ause

a sthma tic b ronc hitis

Bra in and kidney da ma geand harmful to d evelop ing

fetusCarcinogenic

Carcinogenic. Damageskid neys and bone s.

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?! red efining tra sh

Sa int Luc ia Sa int Vinc ent a nd Grana d ines Sa moa Sao Tome and Princ ip eSa ud i Ara b ia Senega l Seyc he lles Sierra Leone Sing ap ore Slovak RepublicSlovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan SurinameSwaziland Swed en Switzerland Syrian Arab Repub lic Tha ila nd Togo Trinida d a ndTo b a g o Turke y Turkme nista n Ug a nd a Ukra ine Unite d Ara b Em ira te s Unite dKingd om and Northe rn Ireland United Repub lic of Tanza nia United Sta tes Urugua yU z b e k i s t a n Va n u a t u Ve n e z u e l a Vi e t N a m Ye me n Yu g o s l a v i a Z a mb i aZimbabwe

ba sel c onvention

Negotiated under UN Environment Programme170 Member Countries, in force since 1992

• Regula tes transb ound a ry movements ofwa ste – “ Prior Informed Consent”

• Ob liges its Pa rties to ensure tha t w a ste a rema nag ed and d isposed of in anenvironmenta lly sound manner

Basel Convention ha nd led issues on d isposa l of elec tronic and elec tric a l wastesuc h a s mob ile phones and c om puters

M a u r i t i u s M o n a c o M o n g o l i aM o n t e n e g r o M o r o c c oMozambique Myanmar NamibiaNepal Netherlands New Zealand

Nicaragua Nigeria Norway OmanPak i s t an Panama Papua NewGuinea Paraguay Peru PhilippinesPoland Portugal Qatar RomaniaR u s s i a n F e d e r a t i o n R w a n d a

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?! red efining tra sh tes-a mm is world number one?

• Inco rpo rated on Jun 2005• Leading elec tronics waste rec yc ler offering prec ious metal rec overy, de-m anufac turing (take ba c k sc heme)and rep airs/ refurbishme nt of c om puters.• ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 ac c red ited• Turnover about $100M, with 500 employees worldwide (70 in Singa po re)

SingaporePenang

Shanghai

Full processing facility

Collec tion c entres

Beijing

SuzhouChennai

Hongkong

Guangzhou

Seoul

Taiwa n

Tha iland

France

South Afric a

UK

Sydney

NewZealand

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?! red efining tra sh

a ttra c t next genera tion o fb luec hip / rec yc ling c om pa nies to singa p ore?

Ce ll Phone Rec yc ling Lea d er ReCellular Rec eives 2008 Best ofDexter Awa rd . ReC ellula r, a g lob a l c ell p hone rec yc ling a nd elec tronic s-susta ina b ility c omp a ny, ea rns a c c olad es from the

U.S. Loc a l Busine ss Assoc ia tion.

Frost & Sullivan finds that the Europ ea n Waste Managem ent a nd Rec yc ling marke t

ea rns annually revenue s of 100 billions Euros in tota l.

A new life for zinc and nic kelVeolia Environment’ s R&D a nd CEDILOR, a sub sid ia ryof Veo lia Environmenta l Services, jo ined forc es withthe University of Metz in o rd er to d eve lop a newp roc ess a imed a t extrac ting zinc a nd nic kel fromind ustria l wa stewa ter a nd d isc ha rge.(www.veoliaenvironnement.com)

Umico re ha s bec om ethe w orld ’ s lea d ingrec ycler of p rec ious

meta ls: almo st 100% ofthe inflow of p rec ious

meta ls orig ina tes from

sec ond ary m a teria ls

HQ : Belgium

US$236 billion revenue in 2007 – US“ Wa ste a nd rec ycling" d rew rec ord $622 million of investm ent in2007 ($245 million a yea r ea rlier and just $20 million in 2001),a c c ord ing to Clea ntec h Group , a g ree n investing c onsultanc y.Sober investo rs a re <investing , inc lud ing >… Austin-ba sed e-wa ste rec yc ler Tec hTurn

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?! red efining tra sh a re we rea d y to ma ke this p a rt o f our urb a n solution?

Levera ge on Sing a pore’ s p osition a s g lob a lisedhub to set up a nd ma nag e Reg iona lRec yc ling / Rec overy Nod es and the p rod uc e

Set up regional recycling hubsin “hot” areas

TrainingFinancingPric ing & Trad ingTec hnolog yConsultancy

Build world c lass tec hnolog y / c a p ab ility

Develop world c la ss access to high qua lity

e-wa ste , world c la ss log istic s netw ork andworld c la ss c hannel to o ffload theproduce

Develop SMEs to c om p lem ent urb an miningentities – eg p a per, p la stic rec yc ling

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?! red efining tra sh In the world of red efined tra sh

Research&Development Operational Exp ort of Services

Motivation:

Training

Trading

Financing

SortingTec hnology

Design4Recycling

Better YieldBette r Tec hniques

MineralsRecovery

Headquarters

Consultancy

Tec hnolog y Hub

Rec yc ling Hub

Ec onomics

Wha t e lse c a n Singa p ore d o?

RegionalWatchdog

Design &Innovation Mfg

Retail &Consumer Collection Extraction Trading

Enabling Ecosystem

LIFECYCLE CHAIN OF ELECTRONIC PRODUCTSDesign for Rec yc ling

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?! red efining tra sh Id ea 2 : c rad le to g rave a p p roa c h – d esign for rec yc ling

Singa pore c an enc ourageDesign fo r Rec yc linga mongst our Ma nufac turing Firms?

Pop Goes the Cell Phone… in 2 sec s Worldc hang ing, 2006

ActiveDisassembly

Singapore is a ma nufac turing hub for Elec tronic s,ha ving a c c ounted for one third of S$16.1B FAI in2007 and c rea ted more tha n 6,000 new jobs. Thissec to r emp loyed 90,000 emp loyee s andgenera ted S$73B of outp ut in 2007.

sourc e : ww w.edb .c om

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?! red efining tra sh how to build c a pa b ilities in d esign for rec yc ling?

Inculc ate the THINKING

Tertia ryEducation

RetrainingWorkforce

Deve lop Ta lents

Accreditation& Rec ognition

ISO DFR?Most DFR Prod uc t?

As p a rt of CSR

Set the STANDARDS

R&D Cluster

Enc ourage SMEsAttrac t MNCs

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?! red efining tra sh what sort of wo rld a re w e lea ving to our c hild ren?

Green & Green

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?! red efining tra sh in the world of red efined tra sh

Resea rc h & Development Operational Exp ort of Services

Motivation:

Training

Trading

Financing

SortingTec hnology

Design4Recycling

Better YieldBette r Tec hniques

MineralsRecovery

Headquarters

Consultancy

Tec hnolog y Hub

Rec yc ling Hub

Ec onomics

What c a n Singa pore d o?

RegionalWatchdog

1) Develop to ta l expertise in Urban Mining

2) Develop “ Design for Rec yc ling” capability

In Summary :

8/14/2019 Redefining Trash_for Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/redefining-trashfor-presentation 33/33

?! red efining tra sh 3 key messages

• Pea k minera ls will c a use world wid e shorta geof meta ls within 50 yea rs

• Rec yc ling is no t only environmenta llymotiva ted , it is ec onomic a lly motiva ted too – Sing ap ore should sta rt d evelop ing Urban Mining

capabilities• Beyond a c tua l extra c tion, Singa pore should

p romote Design for Rec yc ling a mongst ourinnovations